Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in cells, leading to molecular and cellular damage. Free radicals are highly reactive chemical species with unpaired electrons that form as a natural byproduct of oxygen metabolism and can have beneficial roles but also cause oxidative damage. Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals to prevent oxidative stress and diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease. Measurement of oxidative stress markers and use of antioxidant defenses help counter the effects of free radical damage in cells.
in this presentation, the light is focused on discussing the Reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, how it forms, how it affects the body and what are the diseases that correlate with oxidative stress.
nevertheless, how it can be balanced by the antioxidants and what is their role in oxidative stress.
Just regarded to those who trying to learn somethings.. . thanks to those who read this slide... Just pray for me , for my parents and for my teachers...
in this presentation, the light is focused on discussing the Reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, how it forms, how it affects the body and what are the diseases that correlate with oxidative stress.
nevertheless, how it can be balanced by the antioxidants and what is their role in oxidative stress.
Just regarded to those who trying to learn somethings.. . thanks to those who read this slide... Just pray for me , for my parents and for my teachers...
Oxidative stress is the main metabolic process that causes mitochondrial dysfunction. In this presentation we show different oxidative stress pathways and the main solutions to prevent mitochondrial damage by using non enzymatic antioxidants and boosting antioxidant enzymatic systems.
Oxidative Stress in Aging and Human Diseases - Exploring the MechanismsQIAGEN
Many modern diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver disease, arthritis and neurodegenerative disease are related to aging, and aging is closely linked to oxidative stress. Intensive research is being conducted to understand the antioxidant defense mechanism, the mechanisms of aging itself, as well as their roles in human diseases. This slidedeck provides an update on how oxidative stress is linked to aging and how inflammation leads to aging through DNA damage, telomere dysfunction, cellular senescence and oxidative stress. Recent progress on the health benefits of antioxidants and examination of their potential mechanisms in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases are also covered. Various assay technologies to tackle the complex signaling pathways in this process will be introduced. Learn how you can apply these advanced tools to your research!
Roger Harris, the Bedside Critical Care big dog gives his last talk of the 2012 conference. From the maker of Sex and Nutrition comes Oxidative Stress. Roger specifically discusses:
What is Oxidative stress
Why is Oxidative Stress important
How does Selenium fit into Oxidative stress
Selenium (Se) in critical illness
What’s the current evidence for Se in ICU
Oxidative stress is the main metabolic process that causes mitochondrial dysfunction. In this presentation we show different oxidative stress pathways and the main solutions to prevent mitochondrial damage by using non enzymatic antioxidants and boosting antioxidant enzymatic systems.
Oxidative Stress in Aging and Human Diseases - Exploring the MechanismsQIAGEN
Many modern diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver disease, arthritis and neurodegenerative disease are related to aging, and aging is closely linked to oxidative stress. Intensive research is being conducted to understand the antioxidant defense mechanism, the mechanisms of aging itself, as well as their roles in human diseases. This slidedeck provides an update on how oxidative stress is linked to aging and how inflammation leads to aging through DNA damage, telomere dysfunction, cellular senescence and oxidative stress. Recent progress on the health benefits of antioxidants and examination of their potential mechanisms in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases are also covered. Various assay technologies to tackle the complex signaling pathways in this process will be introduced. Learn how you can apply these advanced tools to your research!
Roger Harris, the Bedside Critical Care big dog gives his last talk of the 2012 conference. From the maker of Sex and Nutrition comes Oxidative Stress. Roger specifically discusses:
What is Oxidative stress
Why is Oxidative Stress important
How does Selenium fit into Oxidative stress
Selenium (Se) in critical illness
What’s the current evidence for Se in ICU
Effect of stem- extract of Adenia cessampeloides on malondialdehyde (MDA) and...iosrjce
Adenia cessampeloides is a popular plant whose stem is used as fish poison by the local people in
Ohaukwu local government area of Rivers- state in Nigeria. Its leaves are however, consumed locally for its
high nutrient quality. Here, the Adenia cessampeloides stem aqueous extract on malondialdehyde(MDA) and
superoxide dismutase(SOD) in Clara patrichus(fishes) were studied using standard methods. The results
showed that MDA decreased as the concentration of the extract increased and SOD activity also increased as
the concentration of the extract increased. The results also showed that oxidative stress or cellular damages
might be prevented by use of the plant stem extract
Ulcers are the areas of degeneration and necrosis of gastro intestinal mucosa exposed to acid of the alimentary tract that is exposed to hydrochloric acid and pepsin they occur most commonly (98-99%) in either the duodenum or the stomach in the ratio 4:1
definition, properties, types of free radical, neurodegenerative disorder, cardiovascular disease, and cancer due to free radicals, importance of antioxidants and their role.
role of free radicals in human diseases. Inside the human cells, there is an effective antioxidant defence system to counter damaging actions of reactive oxygen species. ... Direct damage to structural proteins and DNA inside the cells may result in loss of cell architecture and lack of its ability to restore.
In this ppt, we will explane what is the antioxidant and what is the free radical and also, we ex plane the mode of action for the poth.
Also we have mentioned the evaluation of antioxidant . And mentioned the drug candidate and other uses like anti aging.
I think it is important subject, read it and if there any notes please tell us .
thanks, enjoy^_^
What is free radicals
There are many different types of free radicals, for example:
Where do free radicals come from?
What is Antioxidant ?
TYPES OF ANTIOXIDANTS
Natural Sources of Antioxidants
Mode Of Action Free Radicals Vs Anti-Oxidants
Evaluating Anti-oxidant Activity
A free radical is a molecule or molecular fragment that contains one or more unpaired electrons in its outermost orbital.
Free radical is generally represented by superscript dot.
free radicals and antioxidants , effect of free radicals , phases , free radicals in cancer, diabeties and neurodegenerative disease including pathology of each disease.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Contents
Introduction
Causes of oxidative stress
Free radicals
Free radicals nomenclature
Types of free radicals
Roles of free radicals in biological system
Effect of oxidative stress
Molecular
Vascular
3. Common diseases caused by Oxidative stress
Measurement of Oxidative stress
Protective measures for Oxidative stress
4. What is oxidative stress?
A disturbance in the balance between reactive species or free
radicals and antioxidants.
Under normal conditions, cells are able to balance the
production of oxidants and antioxidants.
Oxidative stress occurs when there is imbalance in our cells
due to either an increase in free radicals or a decrease in
antioxidants.
5.
6. Oxidative stress leads to the structural changes of the cell
wall and hamper the process of maturation of cellular
structures. Its also lead to the change in the function and
death eventually.
7.
8. ENDOGENOUS SOURCE
Body's normal use of oxygen such as respiration and
some cell mediated immune functions
Immune cell activation
Inflammation
Mental stress etc.
EXOGENOUS SOURCE
Environmental pollutants
Cigarette smoke
Radiations etc.
9. Free Radicals
any species capable of independent existent that contains
one or more unpaired electrons.
These are highly reactive chemical entities that have a
single unpaired electron in their outer most orbit.
Under certain conditions can be highly toxic to the cells.
Generally unstable and try to become stable, either by
accepting or donating an electron.
11. Radicals can be formed by…
1. The loss of a single electron from a non-radical, or by
the gain of a single electron by a non-radical.
2. The breakage of covalent bond ‘hemolytic fission’.
12. Free Radical Nomenclature
A free radical is denoted by a superscript dot to the oxygen (or
carbon)
e.g., HO, NO, CH3
If a free radical is a charged species, the dot is put and then the
charge
e.g., O2
-
14. SUPEROXIDE RADICAL
Generation of superoxide (O2
-
)
• The addition a single electron to the ground-state
molecule (O2 + e
-
O2
-
)
Biological generation of O2
-
• Mitochondrial electron transport chain
• Enzymatic reduction of oxygen (O2)
• Xenobiotic metabolisms (redox cycling)
• Respiratory burst (phagocytes)
15. Biological Generation of Superoxide
Enzymatic reduction of oxygen
Xanthine/hypoxanthine Uric acid
Redox cycling : Paraquat (Xenobiotic)
XOD
N • N CH3H3C
+
N N CH3H3C
+
Oxidized
cytochomre
P450
reductase
Reduced
cytochomre
P450
reductase
NADPH
NADP
O2
O2 -
Paraquat
e -
+
17. Hydrogen Peroxide
Not a free radical but ROS(reactive oxygen species)
Formed in the cell by dismutation reactions by :
• Spontaneously during respiratory burst.
• By enzymes e.g. : Superoxide dismutase.
18. Hydroxyl Radical (HO
)
Highly reactive oxygen radicals
Formation of hydroxyl radicals in biological systems :
• Ionizing radiation
• Reaction of metal ions with hydrogen peroxide
(Fenton reaction)
Formation of hydroxyl radical from ozone (O3)
19. Fenton Reaction
Discovered by Fenton (1894)
“A mixture of hydrogen peroxide and an iron(II) salts
causes the formation of hydroxyl radical”
Fe2+ + H2O2 intermediate complex Fe3+ + OH-
+ HO
Fe3+ + H2O2 intermediate complex Fe2+ + O2
-
+ 2H+
21. Nitrogen-Centered Radicals
Nitric oxide (NO)
• Endothelial derived-relaxing factor (EDRF)
• Generated from the catalysis of L-arginine by nitric
oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes
• Functions
• Vascular function, platelet aggregation, immune
response, neurotransmitter, signal transduction
• Cytotoxicity.
NO + O2
- ONOO- (highly toxic)
22. L- arginine L-citrulline + NO
NOS
In the absence of L-arginine and BH4(tetrahydrobiopterin),
the activation of molecular by NOS results in a divalent
reduction of O2 to yield superoxide anions and hydrogen
peroxide.
BH4
23. Roles of Free Radicals in Biological Systems
• Enzyme-catalyzed reactions
• Electron transport in mitochondria
• Signal transduction & gene expression
• Activation of nuclear transcription factors
• Oxidative damages of molecules, cells, tissues
• Antimicrobial actions
• Aging & diseases
24. Molecular effects of oxidative stress
• Lipid peroxidation
• DNA damage
• Protein oxidation
• Inactivation of enzymes
• Release of ca ions from intracellular stores
• Cytoskeletal damage
• Chemotaxis
28. Measurement of Oxidative Stress
Oxygen consumption
Oxidative markers
• Lipid peroxidation products (TBARs, lipid
hydroperoxides, etc.)
• DNA hydroxylation products
• Protein hydroxylation products (nitration products)
29. Free radical detection
• Single photon counting
• Chemiluminescence
• Fluorescent probe
• Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR)
30. Protection Against ROS Damage
Direct protection against ROS
• Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Catalase
Non-specific reduction system
• Glutathione, Vitamin C
Protection against lipid peroxidation
• Glutathione peroxidase, Vitamin E, -Carotene
31. Sequestration of metals
• Transferrin, Lactoferrin, Ferritin, Metallothionein
Repair systems
• DNA repair enzymes, Macroxyproteinases, Glutathione
transferase
