This document discusses vitamin K deficiency disorders. It begins by outlining the key functions of vitamin K in helping blood to clot and regulating calcium levels. It then describes vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborns, known as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. The causes of vitamin K deficiency are listed as insufficient dietary intake, inadequate absorption, liver disease, or decreased production in the intestines. The document outlines the different forms of vitamin K, including K1, K2, and K3, and their sources. It lists the clinical manifestations of vitamin K deficiency as bleeding issues. The diagnostic tests and management, which includes vitamin K1 supplementation, are also summarized.

1. PREPARED BY,
Mrs. Rijo Lijo
Lecturer
VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY
DISORDERS

2. Vitamin K plays a key role in helping the blood clot, preventing excessive
bleeding.
INTRODUCTION

3. FUNCTIONS OF VIT – K.
• It plays a role in blood clotting.
• bone metabolism.
• regulating blood calcium levels.

4. VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY
Vitamin k deficiency:
Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) is a bleeding p
roblem that occurs in some newborns during the first few days o
f life. VKDB was previously called hemorrhagic disease of the n
ewborn.

5. ETIOLOGY
 insufficient dietary intake.
 inadequate absorption.
 decreased storage of the vitamin due to liver disease.
 decreased production in the intestines.

6. TYPES OF VITAMIN K
 Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone or phytomenadione).
 Vitamin K2 (menaquinones).
 Vitamin k3 (Menadione).

7. Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone or phytomenadione):
It is the natural from of vitamin K that comes from
foods, especially green leafy vegetables but also dairy products
and vegetable oils. K1 is considered as the "plant form" of
vitamin K, but it is also produced commercially to treat some
conditions associated with excess bleeding.

8. Vitamin K2 (menaquinones):
It is made by bacteria, the normal flora in the intestines. Bacter
ia in the intestines can also convert K1 into K2. Vitamin K2 su
pplements K1 from the diet to meet the body's requirements.
Menaquinone is also present in animal origin foods like: Meat
especially liver Cheese.

9. Menadione:
It is a non-natural, man-made chemical compound that
is used in some countries as a nutritional supplement because of
its vitamin K activity. It is sometimes called K3.
Menadione supplements are currently banned
in the U.S. because of its potential toxicity in human use.

10. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
 Easy bruising.
 Oozing from nose or gums.
 Excessive bleeding from wounds, punctures, and injection or
surgical sites.
 Heavy menstrual periods.
 Bleeding from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
 Blood in the urine and/or stool.
 Increased prothrombin time (PT).

11. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• History collection.
• Physical examination.
• Blood test :
Prothrombin time, thrombin time, platelet count,
platelet function tests and coagulation factor tests.

12. MANAGEMENT
 The treatment for vitamin K is the drug phytonadione,
which is vitamin K1. The dosage for adults ranges from 1 to 2
5 milligrams (mg).
 In infants, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend
s that newborns get a single shot of 0.5 to 1 mg vitamin K1
at birth.

13. PREVENTION
 The VKDB is easily prevented by giving babies a vitamin K
shot into a muscle in the thigh. One shot given just after birth
will protect your baby from VKDB.