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Vitamin B3 deficiency
- 2. Background •Three forms, including niacin, NAD, + NADPH •Water-soluble •Convert carbohydrates to glucose •Metabolize protein and fat •Produce hormones •Maintain cholesterol levels •Improve circulation •Can be synthesized in our bodies and obtained from food
- 3. Sources of Vitamin B3 Meat- chicken, veal, turkey, pork, beef and beef liver Fish- tuna, halibut, swordfish, and salmon Grains- cereals, baked goods Dairy- milk, cheese Fruits & Vegetables- broccoli, beets, corn, sweet potatoes, carrots, dates, tomatoes, peaches, and mangos Nuts & Legumes- legumes, nuts, and seeds including sunflower seeds, peanuts, almonds, and peanut butter Herbs- alfalfa, cayenne, chamomile, fennel seed, hops, licorice, parsley, peppermint, red clover, and rose hips
- 4. Epidemiology •China, Africa, India •Alcoholics •Eating disorders •Hartnup’s disease •Carcinoid syndrome
- 5. Pellagra
- 6. Pathogenesis Eating disorders • Malabsorption of nicotinic acid Hartnup disease • Impaired transport of neutral amino acids in small intestines + proximal tubule of kidneys Pregnancy/Lactation • Increased levels of xanthurenic acid Chronic alcoholism • Production of free-radicals
- 7. Pathogenesis HIV-1 • Lack of NAD Copper deficiency • Conversion of tryptophan to niacin is inhibited Vitamin B2 + B6 Deficiency • Conversion of tryptophan to niacin is inhibited Carcinoid syndrome • Depletion of tryptophan Antituberculosis drugs • Conversion of tryptophan to niacin is inhibited
- 8. Signs & Symptoms Mild • Severe • indigestion • fatigue • canker sores • vomiting • depression • thick, scaly pigmented rash on skin exposed to sunlight • swollen mouth and bright red tongue • vomiting and diarrhea • headache • apathy • fatigue • depression • disorientation • memory loss