This document provides information on assessing and recording a patient's vital signs, which include temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. The normal ranges for each vital sign are defined. The procedures for measuring each vital sign using the appropriate equipment are described in detail, including required materials, patient positioning, and recording the results. Maintaining sterility and following proper technique is emphasized.

1. 1
IDENTIFICATION DATA
Name :
Age :
Sex :
Address :
Religion :
Marital Status :
Education :
Occupation :
Income :
OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the vital signs.
2. To provide care needed after assessing vital signs.
3. To detect any deviation from normal parameters.
4. Proper recording and updating to referral services if required.
VITAL SIGNS
The temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure are called vital signs. In a normal healthy
person they remain constant.
BODY TEMPERTURE
Body temperature may be defined as the degree of treat maintained by the body or degree of treat
maintain by the body or is the balance between heats produced and heat loss in the body.
The regulation of body temperature maintained by the mechanism i.e Thermo genesis and
Thermolysis.

2. 2
HEAT IS PRODUCED IN THE BODY BY FOLLOWING WAYS:
 Oxidation of food
 Exercise
 Strong emotion
 Hormonal effect
 Diseased condition
 Change in environment and atmosphere condition
HEAT IS LOST FROM THE BODY
 Through skin
 Through lungs, kidney, bowels
PARTS OF BODY WHERE TEPERTURE IS TAKEN
The temperature is highest when taken by rectum. It is 1’F higher than oral temperature.
The temperature is lowest when taken by axils. It is 1’ F less than oral temperature.
 Oral temperature – 98.6 ‘F (37’C)
 Rectal temperature -99.6’F (37’5 C)
 Auxiliary temperature -97.6’ (36’4 C)
PLACES FOR TAKING TEMPERTURE:
 Oral below tongue
 Rectal
 Axilla
 Groin
POINTS TO BE REMEMBER:
1. 1. Shake the mercury down grasp the thermometer se by upper end of stem and never hold it by
bulb.
2. Be careful not to let thermometer fall a sterile again anything.
3. Should not be washed with hot water.

3. 3
ARTICLES REQUIRED:
 Thermometer
 Dettol solution
 Watch
 Kidney tray
 Dry swab, soapy swab and wet swab
 Paper bag
 Pen and chart
PROCEDURE:
 Wash hands.
 Remove the thermometer from bag and it in the antiseptic lotion.
 Rinse in lotion.
 Wipe the thermometer from bulb upward with a rotating movement using clean cotton swab and
discussed the swab.
 Read the level of mercury in good light.
 Shake the mercury till it is 35’C.
 Ask the client to open his mouth or deep it in axilla region.
 Have the thermometer in place for 2 min.
 Count pulse and respiration while thermometer still in place.
 Place the patient hand over the chest with wrist extended and palm downword.
 Holding watch in left start to count the pulse rate with ‘zero’ 1.2 etc.
 If respiration are normal count respiration in 30 sec and multiply by two.
 If respiration are abnormal count for full one min.
 Remove thermometer after two min wipe from stem to bulb.
 Read the level of mercury rectum the thermometer to the continue after shaking it down.
 Read temperature, pulse, respiration immediately after finishing the procedure.

4. 4
PUSLE
Pulse is an alternate expansion and recoil of an artery as the wave of blood is forced through it
during the contraction of left ventricle.
The pulse may be felt at:
 Radial artery in front of wrist.
 Temporal artery after temporal bone.
 Carotid artery at side of neck.
 Brachial artery.
 Femoral artery in groin.
 Poplitial artery.
 Dorsalis pedis.
 Posterior tibial artery.
CHARACTERISTIC OF PULSE:
1. Rate
2. Rhythm
3. Pulse
RESPIRATION
Respiration is the art of breathing. It is the process of taking oxygen in and giving out
Carbon dioxide.
CHARECTERISTICS:
It is observation to determine the rate, depth, rhythm and easiness of respiration.
Rate is the member of full respiration in a minute.
DEPTH OF RESPIRATION:
A usual average man at rest inspires and inhales about 500 cc of air each respiration.
RHYTHM:
In normal respiration the rhythm is normal.
In a critically in patient and worrying death are found to have irregular movements.

5. 5
BLOOD PRESSURE
It is the force excreted by blood against walls of blood vessels as it flows through them.Systolic
pressure is the highest degree of pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessel during
ventricle systolic when the left ventricle is forcing blood into aorta. Diastolic pressure is the lowest
pressure that occur when the heart is in its resting period before the contraction of left ventricle.
The average BP for healthy adult is usually 120/80 mm of Hg. A systolic above 150 mm of Hg or
below 90 mm of Hg is regarded or abnormal. A diastolic above 90 mm of Hg is abnormal.
FOCTORS CAUSING VARIATIONIN BLOOD PRESSURE:
Age
Sex
Body of the day
Climate
Time of the day
Exercise
Pain
Posture
Drug
o The instrument used to measure the B.P is called as Sphygmomanometer.
ARTICLES REQUIRED:
 Sphygmomanometer.
 Stethoscope.
 Piece of paper.
PROCEDURE:
 Explain the procedure to patient.
 Patient should be resting atleast 5-10 min prior to taking B.P.
 Wash hands.
 Palpate brachial artery with finger tips, place the bells of stethoscope on
o Brachial artery.
 Close the valve of by turning the knob clockwise.

6. 6
 Pump air in cuff Sphygmomanometer register about 200 mm of Hg above the point at which radial
pulsation disappear.
 Open valve slowly by turning knob anti clockwise slowly.Note the member on where the rounds
first begin. This is systolic pressure.
 Continue to release the pressure slowly. Note the point where sound clear.this is diastolic
pressure.
 Allow air to escape and mercury to for zero cut for 1 min with cuff deflated.
 Repeat procedure if there is any drought about reading.
 Record the procedure.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Sr. Nancy; Principle and Practice of Nursing, 1st
edition, Sole Distributors. N.R.Brother, M.Y.H.
Road, INDORE.Page no.145-151.