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Virus and bacteria
- 1. Viruses and Bacteria Summit Virtual Academy
- 2. Bacteria are Prokaryotes • Unicellular • Lack a membrane bound nucleus • Lack most other organelles found in eukaryotic cells • Reproduce asexually by binary fission
- 3. Bad Bacteria • Any organism that causes disease is called a pathogen • Salmonella typhii= typhoid fever • Streptococcus-strep throat
- 4. What is a virus? • Nonliving particle that causes disease • Ex: Influenza, HIV, smallpox • Need a host to reproduce • Smaller than bacteria • Bacteriophage- virus that infects bacteria
- 5. Structure of viruses. • Viruses are composed of: • Nucleic acids (DNA,RNA) • Protein coat (capsid)
- 8. Viral Infections • EX: herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, AIDS is caused by a retrovirus (HIV)- a virus that invades DNA. • Antibiotics do not work on viruses, and their use for a viral infection merely leads to antibiotic resistance!
- 9. HIV • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Causes AIDS • A retrovirus • Contains only RNA • Infects white blood cells https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS#/media/File:HIV-budding- Color.jpg
- 11. Smallpox • Deadly virus • Infects only humans • Destroyed in 1980
- 12. Side Note: Diseases in Humans Viral vs. Bacterial
- 13. Why are viruses so difficult to kill???
- 14. How does our body fight Diseases? • Pathogen enters body • Immune cells fight it • If they fail T cells become involved • Two types: • Helper T cells – interacts with B cells – B cells make antibodies • Some B cells don’t fight but remember the pathogen (memory cells)- the next time the pathogen invades the cells respond immediately – no symptoms result • Killer T cells – release enzymes into the pathogen – kills it
- 15. Immunity • Passive- transferring antibodies from mother to baby • Injecting antibodies – snake anti-venom • Active- vaccines • When the body builds immunity naturally – chicken pox
- 16. Vaccination • Vaccines are weakened or dead or versions of a virus given to build immunity to that virus • Best protection against viruses? Wash your hands!