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Classification of living things
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- 2. • As livingthings are constantly being investigated, new attributes are revealed that affect how organisms are placed in a standard classification system. 2
- 3. What is taxonomy? •Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms • Biologists who study this are called taxonomists
- 4. How did itstart? • People wanted to organize their world so they began grouping, or classifying everything they saw.
- 5. Examples: •Things that breakdown dead materials •Things that reproduce sexually •Things that are single-celled •Things that have cell walls •Things that eat other organisms •Things that have a nucleus •Things that are multicellular TPS: What categories of living things do you remember?
- 6. Why classify? • Tohelp us see relationships, similarities and differences • To help us organize all the organisms we discover . . .
- 7. • To giveevery species a name based on a standard method so scientists from different countries can talk about the same animal without confusion
- 8. Who is CarolusLinnaeus? • Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist • Developed a 7-level (taxa) classification system based on similarities between organisms
- 9. The Seven Level System •Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species • Dear • King • Phillip • Called • Oprah • For • Good • Spices
- 10. Domains • Domains arethe broadest taxonomic classification of living organisms • The three Domains: Archaea Bacteria Eukarya 10
- 11. Domains are Dividedinto Kingdoms • Archaea----- Archaebacteria • Bacteria ------ Eubacteria • Eukarya ------- Protist Fungi Plantae Animalia 11
- 12. How does itwork? • There are 6 broad kingdoms • Every living thing that we know of fits into one of the six kingdoms • Each level gets more specific as fewer organisms fit into any one group
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- 14. • The groupingof organisms into KINGDOMS is based on 3 factors: – 1. Cell Type (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) – 2. Cell Number (unicellular or multicellular) – 3. Feeding Type (autotroph or heterotroph) 14
- 15. 1. Cell Type-The presence or absence of cellular structures such as the nucleus, mitochondria, or a cell wall Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes 15
- 16. Prokaryotes – Bacteria! •DO NOT HAVE: – A nucleus •Kingdom - Eubacteria •Prokaryotic – •Bacteria is unicellular •Structured organelles – has a cell wall 16
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- 18. Eukaryotes • DO HAVE: •nucleus organized with a membrane • other organelles 18
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- 20. 2nd criteria for KingdomDivisions: Cell Number •Unicellular- single celled organism – protozoans, bacteria, some algae •Multicellular- many celled organism – cells start to specialize/differentiate 20
- 21. • Unicellular •Multicellular 21
- 22. 3rd Criteria for KingdomDivisions Feeding Type - How the organisms get their food –Autotroph or Producer Make their own food –Heterotroph or Consumer Must eat other organisms to survive Includes decomposers – those that eat dead matter! 22
- 23. 6 Kingdoms • Archaebacteria •Eubacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia Prokaryotes Eukaryotes 23
- 24. Domain - Archaea •Kingdom- Archaebacteria • Prokaryote • Unicellular • Autotrophs • Has a cell wall and produces asexually • Ancient bacteria- – Live in very harsh environments – extremophiles 24
- 25. Domain - Bacteria •Kingdom – Eubacteria • Prokaryotic • Made up of one cell • Bacteria can be an autotroph or an heterotroph • Bacteria has a cell wall and produces asexually • It is the eubacteria that most people are talking about when they say bacteria, because they live in more neutral conditions. 25
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- 27. Protists • Protists includemany widely ranging microbes, including slime molds, protozoa and primitive algae. • There are animal-like, fungus-like, and plant-like protists • Some are beneficial • Some protists can cause diseases in humans 27
- 28. Domain- Eukarya • ProtistaKingdom • Protists have a nucleus • Most are unicellular • Some protists have a cell wall and some do not have a cell wall • Protists produce sexually 28
- 29. Protists Nutrition • Protistscan be autotrophs or heterotrophs 29
- 30. Fungi Kingdom • TheKingdom Fungi includes some of the most important organisms. • By breaking down dead organic material, they continue the cycle of nutrients through ecosystems. 30
- 31. Fungi • All fungiare eukaryotic • They may be unicellular or multicellular • All fungi have a cell wall • Produces sexually Unicellular (yeast) Multicellular 31
- 32. Fungi • Fungi canbe very helpful and delicious • Many antibacterial drugs are derived from fungi • Fungi also causes a number of plant Penicillin 32 Ringworm
- 33. Fungi Nutrition • Allfungi are heterotrophs - Saprophytes-get their nutrients from dead organic matter - Parasites – absorb from a host, eventually killing the host 33
- 34. Plantae Kingdom • Allplants are multicellular • The are all eukaryotes with cell walls • they are autotrophs • Plants reproduce sexually and asexually 34
- 35. Animalia Kingdom All animalsare: -Multicellular: they have a nucleus and are lacking a cell wall -Heterotrophs -Reproduce sexually -Capable of movement at some point in their lives. 35
- 36. CHECK YOUR WORK MAKECORRECTIONS/ADDITIONS AS NEEDED At this point, your Characteristics of Kingdoms Comparison Matrix is complete 36