This document summarizes several viral exanthems (diseases that cause rashes), including measles, varicella-zoster, herpes simplex, and rubella. Measles is highly contagious and causes a rash that starts on the face and spreads downward over 3 days. Varicella-zoster causes chickenpox (varicella) in children and shingles (zoster) reactivation in adults. Herpes simplex causes lesions around the mouth, genitals or other areas that can reactivate. Rubella typically causes a rash on the face and spreads downward over 3 days and can cause birth defects if contracted during pregnancy.
is an upper respiratory tract bacterial infection associated with a characteristic rash, which is caused by an infection with pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) -producing GAS in individuals who do not have antitoxin antibodies In the past.
scarlet fever was thought to reflect infection of an individual lacking toxin-specific immunity with a toxin-producing strain of GAS.
Subsequent studies have suggested that development of the scarlet fever rash may reflect a hypersensitivity reaction requiring prior exposure to the toxin.
is an upper respiratory tract bacterial infection associated with a characteristic rash, which is caused by an infection with pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) -producing GAS in individuals who do not have antitoxin antibodies In the past.
scarlet fever was thought to reflect infection of an individual lacking toxin-specific immunity with a toxin-producing strain of GAS.
Subsequent studies have suggested that development of the scarlet fever rash may reflect a hypersensitivity reaction requiring prior exposure to the toxin.
A brief description of a very common illness caused by Bacteria, Streptococcus. Commonly affecting children and presenting with sore throat, fever and rash. Useful for medical students, doctors, nurses, dermatologists and pediatricians. Refrences form Rooks textbook of dermatology. Helpful for USMLE exams and MRCP , FCPS and MCPS exams worldwide.
Molluscum contagiosum Made Extremely SimpleDrYusraShabbir
A brief description of a very common viral infection affecting children and adults. Molluscum Contagious is an infectious contagious disease. Useful information regarding the symptoms and treatment of the rash are available for medical students, doctors, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, gynaecologist, pediatricians and nurses. Helpful for studying for exams. Reference: Rooks, Textbook of Dermatology
Presentation include some details on genital ulcers and typical features, differential diagnosis, causing organisms, diagnosis and treatment.
Presentation prepaired and done by 3rd year medical students of Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka during STI appointment under the guidance of Consultant Venereologist, STI clinic Mahamodara, Galle.
Done by
Dias P G N J
Dilanka I W G M
Dinuraji K S H
Presented by Dr. Seraj Ahmad Jahanfar; Emergency and Critical Care physician at French Medical Institute for Mother and Children in Kabul, Afghanistan.
Cutaneous manifestations of hiv infectiontashagarwal
Dermatological problems occur in more than 90% of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In some patients, skin is the first organ affected. Skin diseases have proved to be sensitive and useful measures by which HIV progression can be monitored.
A brief description of a very common illness caused by Bacteria, Streptococcus. Commonly affecting children and presenting with sore throat, fever and rash. Useful for medical students, doctors, nurses, dermatologists and pediatricians. Refrences form Rooks textbook of dermatology. Helpful for USMLE exams and MRCP , FCPS and MCPS exams worldwide.
Molluscum contagiosum Made Extremely SimpleDrYusraShabbir
A brief description of a very common viral infection affecting children and adults. Molluscum Contagious is an infectious contagious disease. Useful information regarding the symptoms and treatment of the rash are available for medical students, doctors, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, gynaecologist, pediatricians and nurses. Helpful for studying for exams. Reference: Rooks, Textbook of Dermatology
Presentation include some details on genital ulcers and typical features, differential diagnosis, causing organisms, diagnosis and treatment.
Presentation prepaired and done by 3rd year medical students of Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka during STI appointment under the guidance of Consultant Venereologist, STI clinic Mahamodara, Galle.
Done by
Dias P G N J
Dilanka I W G M
Dinuraji K S H
Presented by Dr. Seraj Ahmad Jahanfar; Emergency and Critical Care physician at French Medical Institute for Mother and Children in Kabul, Afghanistan.
Cutaneous manifestations of hiv infectiontashagarwal
Dermatological problems occur in more than 90% of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In some patients, skin is the first organ affected. Skin diseases have proved to be sensitive and useful measures by which HIV progression can be monitored.
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This Presentation will help ou to compare the spectrum of pathologies in ulcerated versus non-ulcerated exophytic oral mucosal lesions and explore the significance of surface ulceration as an indication of various oral diseases
2. Measles (Rubeola)
A RNA virus causing acute febrile eruption
Found only in humans
Transmission by nasopharyngeal secretions
Highly contagious, with ~90% secondary
attack rate
Virus grows in respiratory epithelium &
spreads by blood
Incubation period- ~10 days
3. Clinical features
Initially high-grade fever, malaise, dry
cough, nasal discharge
Erythematous maculopapular rash after ~1
week
Koplik’s spots on oral mucosa
Rash starts from forehead, and spreads downwards
Resolution in same order over 3 days
Complications-
Viral or secondary bacterial pneumonia
Myocarditis, hepatitis, keratitis
Encephalomyelitis
Subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis (SSPE)- rare, late
4. Management
Dx-
Clinical
Leukopenia
Measles virus/Ag in respiratory secretions/urine
Treatment- supportive
Prevention-
Passive immunization with immunoglobulin
Active immunization with vaccine
5. Varicella-zoster
A DNA virus
Man is only reservoir
Transmission- respiratory secretions-?
Highly contagious, >90% secondary attack
rate
Incubation period- ~2 weeks
Causes-
Varicella/chicken-pox- primary infection- children
Zoster- reactivation- elderly/immunocompromised
6. Clinical features
Varicella- lasts ~7 days
Fever, malaise
Rash- erythematous macules, papules, vesicles, scabs
in various stages of evolution simultaneously
First on face & trunk, then spreads
Complication- secondary bacterial infection, pneumonia,
hepatitis, ataxia, meningitis, myelitis
Herpes zoster- lasts ~7 days
Reactivation of virus from dorsal root ganglia
U/L dermatomal severe pain, followed by vesicular eruption
Complication- post-herpetic neuralgia, meningoencephalitis
7. Management
Dx-
Clinical
Tzanck smear- multinucleated giant-cell
Isolation of virus in tissue culture
Rising Ab titres
Rx-
Supportive
Acyclovir- oral/IV
Steroids & neuropathic analgesics for neuralgia
Prevention-
Passive immunoglobulins
Active vaccine
8. Herpes simplex
A ds-DNA virus
HSV-1- oral, HSV-2- genital
Transmission- by direct contact,
genital herpes considered a STD
Incubation period- ~1 week
Initial exposure- local viral replication
Through peripheral nerves, virus reaches ganglia
Replicates in ganglia & spreads centrifugally to skin via
peripheral sensory nerves
Reactivation- with stress, trauma, immunosuppression
9. Clinical features
Initial disease more symptomatic than
recurrences
Fever, malaise, myalgia; with painful
vesicular eruption & regional LNE
Herpes labialis/orofacial/gingivostomatitis
Herpes genitalis
Herpetic whitlow- fingers
Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis
Herpes encephalitis
11. Rubella- German measles
Caused by Rubella virus (RNA)
Incubation period- ~2-3 weeks
A benign febrile viral disease with LNE
Rash- discrete maculopapular rash,
starts on forehead & face and spread down
Rash typically lasts for ~3 days
Prevention- live attenuated vaccine,
specially to prevent congenital rubella