This document provides information on water resources in Vietnam including statistics on water availability, precipitation, and irrigation. It outlines Vietnam's legal and institutional framework for water resource management, including the key laws and government ministries involved. It discusses Vietnam's financial policies for water resource management, which are based on principles of polluter pays, beneficiary pays, and equity. Finally, it identifies the types of investments needed for integrated water resource management in Vietnam, including investments in infrastructure, water administration, agriculture, hydropower, and protection from water-related hazards.
Vietnam has abundant water resources from surface water like rivers and reservoirs as well as groundwater. However, water availability and quality varies significantly by region. The Mekong River Delta and Red River Delta have the most plentiful water resources but also face issues like floods and overexploitation of groundwater for agriculture. Many regions experience seasonal drought and flash floods, and water scarcity is a problem in some northern mountainous areas. Sustainable management of water resources is needed to address regional imbalances and ensure sufficient quality water for all sectors.
This document discusses food chains, food webs, and the impact of human interactions on aquatic ecosystems. It provides examples of biotic and abiotic components of marine ecosystems and describes typical food chains and food webs. Human activities like overfishing, pollution, coastal development, and tourism are negatively impacting marine ecosystems by disturbing food webs, damaging habitats, and accumulating toxins. The document also examines water demand and supply in Bangalore, India, given its population growth. It analyzes Bangalore's water sources and consumption trends, the existing shortfall, and recommends strategies like conservation, wastewater recycling, and groundwater recharge to close the growing gap between demand and supply.
This document outlines a study on sustainable financing mechanisms for integrated water resource management in Lao PDR. It discusses the country's abundant water resources and emphasizes water's important role in social and economic development. It then examines current laws and regulations related to water resource management and fee collection. Several potential fee structures and rates for different water-using sectors like hydropower, mining, agriculture, and tourism are proposed. Challenges in implementation including lack of skilled staff and funds at local levels are also noted. The future plan is to further develop methods to calculate water resource fees across all sectors and pilot payment for ecosystem services schemes.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF POLLUTION IN BELLANDUR LAKE DUE TO URBANIZATIONAmartya Jha
This document summarizes a study on the impact of pollution on Bellandur Lake in Bangalore due to urbanization. Water quality tests were conducted at 3 sites around the lake and showed high levels of pollution. A water quality index analysis classified the water quality as 'bad' at all sites. Additionally, a socio-economic survey found that local residents were concerned about the severe water contamination and its impacts on their health and livelihoods. In conclusion, urbanization has degraded the lake ecosystem through increased pollution and depletion of flora and fauna.
Water storage for secure water supply, Ho Chi Minh CityHanna Stahlberg
The document discusses potential solutions for securing Ho Chi Minh City's water supply in the face of increasing salinity intrusion issues. It summarizes workshops that explored both short-term and long-term options. Short-term solutions included mixing water from alternative intake points with existing supplies or building small storage reservoirs. Long-term solutions involved larger infrastructure like canals, pipelines, or reservoir systems that could provide intake selectivity and storage capacity of 6-90 days to cope with salinity fluctuations. The workshops aimed to identify adaptive measures that balance water supply reliability, flood control, nature conservation and recreation.
The document discusses hydraulic fracturing in British Columbia, including its water usage and regulations. It provides details on typical water usage for hydraulic fracturing in different geological formations in BC. It also discusses the sources of water used, total water usage amounts, and challenges with treating and reusing flowback water. The document concludes with 17 recommendations to address water issues, climate change, seismic activity questions, and knowledge sharing related to hydraulic fracturing activities in BC.
Vietnam has abundant water resources from surface water like rivers and reservoirs as well as groundwater. However, water availability and quality varies significantly by region. The Mekong River Delta and Red River Delta have the most plentiful water resources but also face issues like floods and overexploitation of groundwater for agriculture. Many regions experience seasonal drought and flash floods, and water scarcity is a problem in some northern mountainous areas. Sustainable management of water resources is needed to address regional imbalances and ensure sufficient quality water for all sectors.
This document discusses food chains, food webs, and the impact of human interactions on aquatic ecosystems. It provides examples of biotic and abiotic components of marine ecosystems and describes typical food chains and food webs. Human activities like overfishing, pollution, coastal development, and tourism are negatively impacting marine ecosystems by disturbing food webs, damaging habitats, and accumulating toxins. The document also examines water demand and supply in Bangalore, India, given its population growth. It analyzes Bangalore's water sources and consumption trends, the existing shortfall, and recommends strategies like conservation, wastewater recycling, and groundwater recharge to close the growing gap between demand and supply.
This document outlines a study on sustainable financing mechanisms for integrated water resource management in Lao PDR. It discusses the country's abundant water resources and emphasizes water's important role in social and economic development. It then examines current laws and regulations related to water resource management and fee collection. Several potential fee structures and rates for different water-using sectors like hydropower, mining, agriculture, and tourism are proposed. Challenges in implementation including lack of skilled staff and funds at local levels are also noted. The future plan is to further develop methods to calculate water resource fees across all sectors and pilot payment for ecosystem services schemes.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF POLLUTION IN BELLANDUR LAKE DUE TO URBANIZATIONAmartya Jha
This document summarizes a study on the impact of pollution on Bellandur Lake in Bangalore due to urbanization. Water quality tests were conducted at 3 sites around the lake and showed high levels of pollution. A water quality index analysis classified the water quality as 'bad' at all sites. Additionally, a socio-economic survey found that local residents were concerned about the severe water contamination and its impacts on their health and livelihoods. In conclusion, urbanization has degraded the lake ecosystem through increased pollution and depletion of flora and fauna.
Water storage for secure water supply, Ho Chi Minh CityHanna Stahlberg
The document discusses potential solutions for securing Ho Chi Minh City's water supply in the face of increasing salinity intrusion issues. It summarizes workshops that explored both short-term and long-term options. Short-term solutions included mixing water from alternative intake points with existing supplies or building small storage reservoirs. Long-term solutions involved larger infrastructure like canals, pipelines, or reservoir systems that could provide intake selectivity and storage capacity of 6-90 days to cope with salinity fluctuations. The workshops aimed to identify adaptive measures that balance water supply reliability, flood control, nature conservation and recreation.
The document discusses hydraulic fracturing in British Columbia, including its water usage and regulations. It provides details on typical water usage for hydraulic fracturing in different geological formations in BC. It also discusses the sources of water used, total water usage amounts, and challenges with treating and reusing flowback water. The document concludes with 17 recommendations to address water issues, climate change, seismic activity questions, and knowledge sharing related to hydraulic fracturing activities in BC.
The document discusses water resources and pollution in the Philippines. It notes that the Philippines has over 7,000 islands and 421 rivers. Many rivers are considered biologically dead due to domestic and industrial waste. The government has created programs like Industrial Eco-watch and Tap Watch to monitor pollution and encourage cleaner practices to rehabilitate waters. However, pollution remains a major problem threatening the country's freshwater resources.
The document discusses the history and role of the International Joint Commission (IJC) in protecting shared US-Canada waters. The IJC was established by the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty to help prevent disputes over transboundary waters. It has played a key role in issues like regulating water levels and addressing pollution. The IJC also oversees the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement and provides independent reports and recommendations to governments on shared water issues. Over its century of operation, the IJC has helped the US and Canada cooperatively manage their shared waters and resolve disputes through consensus-based decisions guided by science.
Scenario of Water Bodies (Lakes) In Urban Areas- A case study on Bellandur La...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Environment is made up of natural factors like air, water and land. Each and every human activities
supports directly/indirectly by natural factors. India is facing a problem of natural resource scarcity, especially
of water in view of population growth and economic development. Due to growth of Population, advancement in
agriculture, urbanization and industrialization has made surface water pollution a great problem and decreased
the availability of drinking water. Many parts of the world face such a scarcity of water. Lakes are important
feature of the Earth’s landscape which are not only the source of precious water, but provide valuable habitats
to plants and animals, moderate hydrological cycles, influence microclimate, enhance the aesthetic beauty of
the landscape and extend many recreational opportunities to humankind .For issues, perspectives on pollution,
restoration and management of Bellandur Lake Falls under Bangalore Metropolitan city is very essential to
know their status but so far, there was no systematic environmental study carried out. Hence now the following
studies are essential namely Characteristics, Status, Effects (on surrounding Groundwater, Soil, Humans
health, Vegetables, Animals etc.,), resolving the issues of degradation, preparation of conceptual design for
restoration and management.
Powai Lake is an artificial lake located in Mumbai that was constructed in 1891 as a measure against water famine. It has experienced problems with decreased area due to development, water quality deterioration from untreated sewage and garbage, and heavy siltation that has reduced its depth. Proposed solutions to address these issues include installing septic sewage pumping systems, patrolling to prevent damage and littering, education programs to raise awareness, bioremediation to remove pollutants, landscaping, desilting to increase water quantity, restricting construction in catchment areas, and promoting environmental ethics.
Bangalore's lakes and impact on ground waterBhargavi Rao
Bangalore's lakes play an important role in groundwater recharge by capturing monsoon overflow and storing water. However, many lakes have been lost due to urban development. This has reduced groundwater levels, forcing residents to drill deeper borewells. Sewage and industrial pollution further contaminate remaining lakes and groundwater. Local communities and environmental groups are working to protect and restore lakes through judicial rulings and management committees. However, threats from encroachment, dumping and sand mining continue due to weak enforcement. The loss of lakes has exacerbated water scarcity issues in Bangalore.
Water source and water demand needs assessments for bonwireAlexander Decker
The document assesses the water supply and demand in Bonwire, Ghana. It identifies four rivers and two boreholes as the water sources for the town. Discharge measurements found the total river flow to be 14,153 m3/day, while the boreholes supply 86 m3/day. The current population of 7,099 people demands 274 m3/day, exceeding the borehole supply by 188 m3/day. Water quality testing revealed the rivers exceed standards for coliform bacteria, nitrates, sulfates and hardness, rendering them unpotable. It was concluded there is a water deficit as only the groundwater meets drinking standards but the supply is insufficient. Recommendations included controlling river pollution, drilling additional
Powai Lake is an artificial lake located in Mumbai, India. It was constructed in 1891 to supply drinking water to Mumbai. Over time, pollution from nearby residential and industrial areas has degraded the lake's water quality, rendering it unusable for drinking. Various institutions like IIT Bombay are located near the lake. Efforts are ongoing to restore the lake through projects to remove water hyacinth, improve water quality, and reduce silt deposition.
This document discusses water management in Pakistan. It covers the country's water resources, which include glaciers, rivers, lakes, rainwater and underground sources. It notes that 69% of water is used for agriculture, 23% for industry and 8% for domestic uses. The document then outlines Pakistan's macro and micro level water management approaches. At the macro level, it discusses dams, barrages, canals and irrigation channels. At the micro level, it discusses public water supply systems, irrigation channels and industrial use. It also lists several environmental impacts of current water management practices, such as damaged ecosystems and reduced wildlife habitat. Finally, the document provides suggestions to improve water management, such as building smaller dams and restoring natural river
1) Mumbai is prone to urban flooding due to heavy rainfall that exceeds the capacity of its drainage systems. The 2005 floods inundated large parts of the city, disrupting transport and killing over 400 people.
2) Uncontrolled development has reduced open spaces and destroyed mangroves that previously absorbed excess rainfall. The narrow Mithi River is choked with waste and cannot drain water effectively.
3) Flooding affected housing, transport, businesses and critical infrastructure. Efforts since then have focused on widening drains, restoring the Mithi River, and improving disaster response systems. However, rapid urbanization continues to exacerbate flooding risks.
Availability and trends of water supply Network in sub-Sahara BotswanaIJCMESJOURNAL
Water is an essential requirement for individuals and is one of the major keys of any financial improvement of the world social orders and a manageable utilization of this asset is of most extreme significance. Water shortage can have extraordinary effects with respect to the economy, advancement and national security of a nation and it is imperative to get a handle on the reason for the issue keeping in mind the end goal to explain it in the most productive way. By breaking down information time arrangement for temperature, precipitation and utilization and additionally playing out a spatial investigation over the catchment range it was conceivable to distinguish the progressions that have happened in the catchment territory, the atmosphere and the household utilization throughout the most recent decade. Poor information determination and an absence of factual noteworthiness imply that no solid conclusions can be drawn. The paper depends on various reports to demonstrate the accessibility patterns of water in the nation on the premise of interest and supply design.
The document summarizes key information about water sources, usage, and management in the Philippines. It discusses how water is essential to life and comprises over 70% of the human body. It then outlines water sources in the Philippines including groundwater, surface water, and seawater. It provides statistics on water resources and usage for industry and agriculture. The document also discusses health impacts of unsafe water in the Philippines and globally, and the leading causes of death. It introduces Maynilad Water Services Inc. and provides an overview of their water supply and treatment systems, operating areas, and efforts to expand access and reduce non-revenue water.
Assessment Derived Conservation Strategies for Lakes in BangaloreEkonnect
The document summarizes a study conducted by the Centre for Lake Conservation and Environmental Management & Policy Research Institute (EMPRI) on the lakes in and around Bangalore. The study involved collecting comprehensive data on 117 water bodies, including their morphology, hydrology, land use, water quality, biodiversity, and threats. Issues like pollution, encroachment, excavation and religious activities impacting the lakes were documented. Based on the findings, strategies for conserving the lakes and a water management plan were proposed. The study helped increase awareness, remove encroachments from some lakes, and issue notices to polluting units.
Transboundary issues and iwrm concepts by watt botkosalWatt Botkosal
The document discusses transboundary water issues in the Mekong River Basin. The Mekong River flows through 6 countries and is a critical resource for over 60 million people. Key transboundary challenges include uncoordinated management, pressure on resources from development, and impacts of hydropower development. Effective cooperation is needed to jointly manage water resources and address issues like flooding and drought across borders. The document advocates for cooperative regional assessments to identify optimal levels of transboundary cooperation in shared river basins.
Chapter 4 water and its management [autosaved]Lunz70
Water is essential for life but its distribution and management poses challenges. Most water (97%) is saline and found in oceans, while only 3% is freshwater. Much of this is frozen in ice caps and glaciers, leaving less than 1% accessible for human use. Water scarcity varies globally, with some regions and countries having more than enough while others lack access to even basic supplies. Proper sanitation and water treatment are needed to provide safe drinking water and prevent water-borne diseases worldwide. Dams can support water storage and uses like hydroelectric power but also have environmental and social impacts requiring careful planning and management.
This document discusses various topics related to physical geography of water:
- Water is found on Earth as oceans (97% of water), seas, rivers, lakes, groundwater, and glaciers. It circulates through the water cycle.
- Rivers start from springs, lakes, glaciers or rainfall and flow into larger rivers and basins, providing water and resources for human uses.
- Oceans and seas contain almost all liquid water and provide food, resources, tourism, and transport but are threatened by pollution and overuse.
- Currents, tides, and waves influence ocean water and climate while lakes form inland from precipitation or glaciers, with the largest including the Great Lakes and Lake Victoria.
Water Resource Management In The European Unioneeg5270
This document summarizes water resource management in the European Union. It discusses the EU's water resources, legislation around water management, threats like overexploitation and climate change, water abstraction levels, and strategies to ensure sustainable water use going forward like pricing, conservation, alternative supplies, and improved information systems. The long-term goal is achieving good water status for all waters by 2027 as outlined in the Water Framework Directive.
This document summarizes water resource management (WRM) financing in Thailand. It outlines the status of WRM in Thailand, including existing institutions and challenges. These challenges include increased competition for water between users, deteriorating water quality from wastewater and agriculture, increasing flood risks as more people live in cities, and many city dwellers lacking access to water and sanitation. The document also notes Thailand's increasing water demands outpacing available supply and discusses drought risks, flood risks, and challenges of expanding wastewater treatment. It concludes with recommendations around collective decision making, coping with risks, and promoting water governance.
The document discusses water resources and pollution in the Philippines. It notes that the Philippines has over 7,000 islands and 421 rivers. Many rivers are considered biologically dead due to domestic and industrial waste. The government has created programs like Industrial Eco-watch and Tap Watch to monitor pollution and encourage cleaner practices to rehabilitate waters. However, pollution remains a major problem threatening the country's freshwater resources.
The document discusses the history and role of the International Joint Commission (IJC) in protecting shared US-Canada waters. The IJC was established by the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty to help prevent disputes over transboundary waters. It has played a key role in issues like regulating water levels and addressing pollution. The IJC also oversees the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement and provides independent reports and recommendations to governments on shared water issues. Over its century of operation, the IJC has helped the US and Canada cooperatively manage their shared waters and resolve disputes through consensus-based decisions guided by science.
Scenario of Water Bodies (Lakes) In Urban Areas- A case study on Bellandur La...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Environment is made up of natural factors like air, water and land. Each and every human activities
supports directly/indirectly by natural factors. India is facing a problem of natural resource scarcity, especially
of water in view of population growth and economic development. Due to growth of Population, advancement in
agriculture, urbanization and industrialization has made surface water pollution a great problem and decreased
the availability of drinking water. Many parts of the world face such a scarcity of water. Lakes are important
feature of the Earth’s landscape which are not only the source of precious water, but provide valuable habitats
to plants and animals, moderate hydrological cycles, influence microclimate, enhance the aesthetic beauty of
the landscape and extend many recreational opportunities to humankind .For issues, perspectives on pollution,
restoration and management of Bellandur Lake Falls under Bangalore Metropolitan city is very essential to
know their status but so far, there was no systematic environmental study carried out. Hence now the following
studies are essential namely Characteristics, Status, Effects (on surrounding Groundwater, Soil, Humans
health, Vegetables, Animals etc.,), resolving the issues of degradation, preparation of conceptual design for
restoration and management.
Powai Lake is an artificial lake located in Mumbai that was constructed in 1891 as a measure against water famine. It has experienced problems with decreased area due to development, water quality deterioration from untreated sewage and garbage, and heavy siltation that has reduced its depth. Proposed solutions to address these issues include installing septic sewage pumping systems, patrolling to prevent damage and littering, education programs to raise awareness, bioremediation to remove pollutants, landscaping, desilting to increase water quantity, restricting construction in catchment areas, and promoting environmental ethics.
Bangalore's lakes and impact on ground waterBhargavi Rao
Bangalore's lakes play an important role in groundwater recharge by capturing monsoon overflow and storing water. However, many lakes have been lost due to urban development. This has reduced groundwater levels, forcing residents to drill deeper borewells. Sewage and industrial pollution further contaminate remaining lakes and groundwater. Local communities and environmental groups are working to protect and restore lakes through judicial rulings and management committees. However, threats from encroachment, dumping and sand mining continue due to weak enforcement. The loss of lakes has exacerbated water scarcity issues in Bangalore.
Water source and water demand needs assessments for bonwireAlexander Decker
The document assesses the water supply and demand in Bonwire, Ghana. It identifies four rivers and two boreholes as the water sources for the town. Discharge measurements found the total river flow to be 14,153 m3/day, while the boreholes supply 86 m3/day. The current population of 7,099 people demands 274 m3/day, exceeding the borehole supply by 188 m3/day. Water quality testing revealed the rivers exceed standards for coliform bacteria, nitrates, sulfates and hardness, rendering them unpotable. It was concluded there is a water deficit as only the groundwater meets drinking standards but the supply is insufficient. Recommendations included controlling river pollution, drilling additional
Powai Lake is an artificial lake located in Mumbai, India. It was constructed in 1891 to supply drinking water to Mumbai. Over time, pollution from nearby residential and industrial areas has degraded the lake's water quality, rendering it unusable for drinking. Various institutions like IIT Bombay are located near the lake. Efforts are ongoing to restore the lake through projects to remove water hyacinth, improve water quality, and reduce silt deposition.
This document discusses water management in Pakistan. It covers the country's water resources, which include glaciers, rivers, lakes, rainwater and underground sources. It notes that 69% of water is used for agriculture, 23% for industry and 8% for domestic uses. The document then outlines Pakistan's macro and micro level water management approaches. At the macro level, it discusses dams, barrages, canals and irrigation channels. At the micro level, it discusses public water supply systems, irrigation channels and industrial use. It also lists several environmental impacts of current water management practices, such as damaged ecosystems and reduced wildlife habitat. Finally, the document provides suggestions to improve water management, such as building smaller dams and restoring natural river
1) Mumbai is prone to urban flooding due to heavy rainfall that exceeds the capacity of its drainage systems. The 2005 floods inundated large parts of the city, disrupting transport and killing over 400 people.
2) Uncontrolled development has reduced open spaces and destroyed mangroves that previously absorbed excess rainfall. The narrow Mithi River is choked with waste and cannot drain water effectively.
3) Flooding affected housing, transport, businesses and critical infrastructure. Efforts since then have focused on widening drains, restoring the Mithi River, and improving disaster response systems. However, rapid urbanization continues to exacerbate flooding risks.
Availability and trends of water supply Network in sub-Sahara BotswanaIJCMESJOURNAL
Water is an essential requirement for individuals and is one of the major keys of any financial improvement of the world social orders and a manageable utilization of this asset is of most extreme significance. Water shortage can have extraordinary effects with respect to the economy, advancement and national security of a nation and it is imperative to get a handle on the reason for the issue keeping in mind the end goal to explain it in the most productive way. By breaking down information time arrangement for temperature, precipitation and utilization and additionally playing out a spatial investigation over the catchment range it was conceivable to distinguish the progressions that have happened in the catchment territory, the atmosphere and the household utilization throughout the most recent decade. Poor information determination and an absence of factual noteworthiness imply that no solid conclusions can be drawn. The paper depends on various reports to demonstrate the accessibility patterns of water in the nation on the premise of interest and supply design.
The document summarizes key information about water sources, usage, and management in the Philippines. It discusses how water is essential to life and comprises over 70% of the human body. It then outlines water sources in the Philippines including groundwater, surface water, and seawater. It provides statistics on water resources and usage for industry and agriculture. The document also discusses health impacts of unsafe water in the Philippines and globally, and the leading causes of death. It introduces Maynilad Water Services Inc. and provides an overview of their water supply and treatment systems, operating areas, and efforts to expand access and reduce non-revenue water.
Assessment Derived Conservation Strategies for Lakes in BangaloreEkonnect
The document summarizes a study conducted by the Centre for Lake Conservation and Environmental Management & Policy Research Institute (EMPRI) on the lakes in and around Bangalore. The study involved collecting comprehensive data on 117 water bodies, including their morphology, hydrology, land use, water quality, biodiversity, and threats. Issues like pollution, encroachment, excavation and religious activities impacting the lakes were documented. Based on the findings, strategies for conserving the lakes and a water management plan were proposed. The study helped increase awareness, remove encroachments from some lakes, and issue notices to polluting units.
Transboundary issues and iwrm concepts by watt botkosalWatt Botkosal
The document discusses transboundary water issues in the Mekong River Basin. The Mekong River flows through 6 countries and is a critical resource for over 60 million people. Key transboundary challenges include uncoordinated management, pressure on resources from development, and impacts of hydropower development. Effective cooperation is needed to jointly manage water resources and address issues like flooding and drought across borders. The document advocates for cooperative regional assessments to identify optimal levels of transboundary cooperation in shared river basins.
Chapter 4 water and its management [autosaved]Lunz70
Water is essential for life but its distribution and management poses challenges. Most water (97%) is saline and found in oceans, while only 3% is freshwater. Much of this is frozen in ice caps and glaciers, leaving less than 1% accessible for human use. Water scarcity varies globally, with some regions and countries having more than enough while others lack access to even basic supplies. Proper sanitation and water treatment are needed to provide safe drinking water and prevent water-borne diseases worldwide. Dams can support water storage and uses like hydroelectric power but also have environmental and social impacts requiring careful planning and management.
This document discusses various topics related to physical geography of water:
- Water is found on Earth as oceans (97% of water), seas, rivers, lakes, groundwater, and glaciers. It circulates through the water cycle.
- Rivers start from springs, lakes, glaciers or rainfall and flow into larger rivers and basins, providing water and resources for human uses.
- Oceans and seas contain almost all liquid water and provide food, resources, tourism, and transport but are threatened by pollution and overuse.
- Currents, tides, and waves influence ocean water and climate while lakes form inland from precipitation or glaciers, with the largest including the Great Lakes and Lake Victoria.
Water Resource Management In The European Unioneeg5270
This document summarizes water resource management in the European Union. It discusses the EU's water resources, legislation around water management, threats like overexploitation and climate change, water abstraction levels, and strategies to ensure sustainable water use going forward like pricing, conservation, alternative supplies, and improved information systems. The long-term goal is achieving good water status for all waters by 2027 as outlined in the Water Framework Directive.
This document summarizes water resource management (WRM) financing in Thailand. It outlines the status of WRM in Thailand, including existing institutions and challenges. These challenges include increased competition for water between users, deteriorating water quality from wastewater and agriculture, increasing flood risks as more people live in cities, and many city dwellers lacking access to water and sanitation. The document also notes Thailand's increasing water demands outpacing available supply and discusses drought risks, flood risks, and challenges of expanding wastewater treatment. It concludes with recommendations around collective decision making, coping with risks, and promoting water governance.
During my research of water treatment methods, I applied cost-benefit analysis to compare and contrast the most popular and efficient water treatment and reclamation methods.
The document discusses water resource management in Malawi, outlining some key challenges including defunct infrastructure, health and sanitation issues, and the need for maintenance of new infrastructure provided by NGOs. It also discusses partnerships between Malawi and Scotland aimed at investing in the right areas to maximize impact. Some specific projects mentioned include providing clean water supplies to health offices and introducing new technologies. Climate change is noted as a potential threat given Malawi's heavy reliance on agriculture and projected population growth.
Klingbeil, R., 2012. Challenges to Water Resources Management in the Middle East. Presentation in the Water Resources Seminar, 17 January 2012, American University of Technology, Halat - Byblos, Lebanon.
Cambodia finacing water resources management in cambodia report (1) copyGWP SOUTHEAST ASIA
The document summarizes financing for water resource management in Cambodia. It provides an overview of Cambodia's water resources, key challenges, and institutional framework for water management. It discusses how water resources contribute to national development goals in areas like agriculture, energy, and private sector growth. The document also outlines issues to address in developing a financing mechanism, including building capacity, awareness, infrastructure, and enabling public-private coordination. It emphasizes that strategic priorities are strengthening financial and human resources to improve technical assets and facilitate knowledge transfer and capacity building across levels of government.
multi-party risk management for water resources projectPiriya Uraiwong
The document discusses a research project applying a multi-party risk and uncertainty management process to local water resources project management in Thailand. The research aims to develop a systematic risk management process and guidance for stakeholder consensus building. It provides background on issues with small-scale water projects in Thailand. The conceptual framework uses a multi-party risk assessment approach including stakeholder identification, risk analysis, and developing responses to improve project management. The research plan involves applying the risk management process and developing guidance based on field studies.
1) China faces challenges of growing population, decreasing farmland, increasing water competition and climate change which threaten its food security.
2) To address these challenges, China is improving integrated water resource management at national, basin, irrigation scheme and farm levels through strategies like South-North Water Diversion, reinforcing reservoirs, upgrading canals and introducing water user associations.
3) The government is increasing investment in the water sector, clarifying management roles, and encouraging national and international cooperation to ensure sustainable water and food resources.
Brazilian Successful Experiences in Water Resource ManagementIwl Pcu
OBJECTIVE: To establish a national pact integrating multiple interests of use over water resources, promoting the goals of economic viability, social inclusion, environmental sustainability, and risk control during critical hydrological events.
This document describes a community-based water resource management project in three villages in Burkina Faso. The project trains community members to monitor local rainfall and groundwater levels. Community members collect and analyze the data, and make decisions to sustainably manage water resources. The project also establishes monitoring committees with representatives from communities, local governments, NGOs, and national agencies to coordinate efforts. Preliminary results show communities are better able to understand threats to their water resources and make informed management decisions. Key challenges include sustaining community member participation and ensuring local authorities support the approach long-term.
The document discusses integrated water resource management and its various components and challenges. It addresses managing water resources for multiple purposes across different agencies, regions, and disciplines. Integrated management considers natural water systems and promotes conservation, public health, and stakeholder involvement through a dynamic process. It requires balancing supply and demand management options to identify least-cost solutions for meeting water needs.
A CMS based Geoportal targeted to manage information related to water resource management projects, powered with a full FOSS stack. A first application of the Geoportal is on the case study of Red Thai Binh River in Vietnam.
13 - World Bank - Modern Spatial Tools for WRM-Sep-16indiawrm
This document discusses tools for improved water resource management through spatial knowledge management and analytics. It describes the need to integrate activities across multiple sectors that impact water, such as agriculture, irrigation, power, and the environment. Modern tools could include data repositories, telemetry, earth observation data, models, and interactive web portals and mobile apps to visualize complex spatial data and support decision-making. Dashboards and story maps may help decision-makers understand issues like population trends and disaster risk management in an integrated, spatial context.
Community based water resource managementIshan Gupta
This document presents a summary of a presentation on community-based water resource management. It defines key terms like CBWRM and IWRM. It discusses the benefits of CBWRM, including building consensus, creating local plans, and enhancing local ownership. It also outlines some challenges of CBWRM like conflict of interest, lack of participation, and lack of support. The document then presents a case study of CBWRM efforts in India's Thar Desert region to address climate change impacts through capacity building and reviving local water management systems. It concludes with a call for suggestions to effectively implement community-based water resource management.
Water resource management_Brune Poirson (Veolia India)_2013India Water Portal
Rapid urbanization and population growth in India has depleted water resources and strained water infrastructure. Only 32% of the population receives treated water and 30% of households do not have access to water. Private participation through public-private partnerships can help address issues facing municipal water utilities like lack of accountability, poor maintenance, and absence of cost recovery. Veolia Water operates water and wastewater systems across India through long-term contracts and aims to provide 24/7 safe water supply for all, including slum populations, through innovations in service delivery and customer care.
14 - DHI - Integrated Decision support tools for water resources management-S...indiawrm
This document discusses integrated decision support tools for water resource management. It describes challenges including effective operations, access to information, and capacity development. It provides examples of decision support systems implemented in various locations, including India, Thailand, Australia, and across the Nile River Basin, to address issues like flooding, irrigation, hydropower and more. The document recommends having a clear focus on technical and institutional challenges, potential value creation, roles and responsibilities, and using benchmarks to guide development and selection of decision support tools.
Practices of Downscaling Methods for Water Resources Management in Sri LankaPixel Clear (Pvt) Ltd
This document discusses methods for downscaling water resources management predictions in Sri Lanka. It examines using statistical downscaling with seasonal climate models (SCM), spatial synoptic classification (SSE), and multi-model regression (MRG) to predict rainfall and temperature in the OND season. SCM achieved a 44% success rate for both rainfall and temperature predictions. Dynamic downscaling was also explored using RegCM4 software for the South-West monsoon season, which achieved results consistent with past data. Further long-term simulations with RegCM3 and more station data are recommended to improve predictions.
This document discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM) and its practical implementation. It provides an overview of IWRM, including its relevance to key development issues, characteristics, status of adoption globally, and challenges to practical application. Examples of successful IWRM applications and case studies that address problematic water management scenarios are also presented. The document explores linking IWRM programs to goals like the Millennium Development Goals and climate change adaptation through setting achievement milestones.
The document summarizes the key components and requirements for developing a River Basin Management Plan (RBMP) according to the European Union's Water Framework Directive. It outlines 17 sections that must be included in an RBMP, such as characterizing the river basin, identifying pressures and impacts, setting environmental objectives, implementing measures, and monitoring programs. The document provides guidance on the mapping, data, and analysis required for each section to comprehensively manage water resources at the river basin scale.
1) Cambodia has significant water resources potential from its rivers and rainfall, but also faces challenges of limited water storage capacity and seasonal variability in rainfall.
2) Cambodia has adopted IWRM as a national policy and established various laws and policies related to water resource management. However, implementation of IWRM faces challenges of limited capacity and investment.
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2. CONTENTS
1. Water of Vietnam
2. Legal and Institutional Framework for Water
Resources in Vietnam
3. Financial Policy in Water Resources Management in
Vietnam
4. Identification of Financial Needs for Sectors in
IWRM
5. Recommendations
5. Country Area: 331.690 km2
Population:
90 million people (2012)
River system: 2,372 rivers/watersheds with length > 10 km,
13 river basins with area > 10,000 km2
Water resources: 830 - 840 Billion m3/year
(63% of which from neighbour countries)
Actual annual renewable water resources per capita: 9,700 m3
(Asia: 3.970 m3, World: 7.650m3)
7. WATER OF VIETNAM
Long-term average annual precipitation
Long-term average actual renewable water
resources
1.980 mm/year
830-840 billion m3/year
Actual annual renewable water resources per
capita
% of total actual renewable freshwater resources
withdrawn (MDG Water Indicator) (FAO
AQUASTAT)
Groundwater withdrawal as % of total freshwater
withdrawal (FAO AQUASTAT)
9 220 m3/inhabitant
Total area equipped for irrigation (FAO FAOSTAT
and AQUASTAT)
4 600 000 ha
9.3 %
1.7 %
% of the cultivated area equipped for irrigation
(FAO FAOSTAT and AQUASTAT)
45 %
% of irrigation potential equipped for irrigation
(FAO AQUASTAT)
49%
9. Laws and Under Law Documents:
Law on Water Resources 1998 and revised in 2012;
Law on Environmental Protection (2005)
Law on Land (2003)
Law on Fisheries (2004)
Law on forest protection and development (2004)
Decree on River Basin Management (2008)
Decree on Dykes (2006)
Ordinance on Exploitation and Protection of Irrigation
Works (2001)
Law on Inland Waterway Navigation 2004,
10. LEGAL REFORM (Cont’)
Decree 120/2008/ND-TTG: River Basin Management
(12/2008)
Decision No. 277/2006/QD-TTg dated 11/12/2006:
National Target Program for clean water supply and
sanitation in the 2006-2010 period.
Decree No. 149/2004/ND-CP dated 27/07/2004: Permits
for water resource exploration, exploitation and use, or
for discharge of wastewater into water sources.
Decision No. 05-2003/QD-BTNMT dated 04/09/2003:
Licensing of surveying, exploiting of under ground Water
Resources
Decision No. 104/2000/QD-Ttg dated 25/08/2000:
National Strategy on Rural Water and Sanitation
Strategy up to 2020
11. Institutional Arrangements
National Level
National Water Resources Council (2000): National Policy
Advisory Body: apex body
MONRE (2002): National Water Resources Policy and
Management (Surface & Ground W)
MARD (1995): Irrigation, Water related Disaster
Management (Flood, Drought), Rural Water Supply:
12. Institutional Arrangements (cont.)
MoIT (2002): Hydropower Development:
MoT: Inland Water Transportation
MoC: Urban Water Supply
MoH: Water Hygiene
MPI: National Water Investment Planning and Policy
MoF: state Budget control
13. Institutional Arrangements (Cont.)
Provincial Level:
DONRE: Provincial Water Resources Management
DARD: Irrigation, Water related Disaster Management, Rural
Water Supply in province.
DoIT: Hydropower Development (small hydropower <30 MW):
DoT: Provincial Inland Water Transportation
DoC: Provincial Urban Water Supply
DoH: Water Hygiene
DPI: National Water Investment Planning and Policy
DoF: Provincial Budget Control
14. Functions and Task of Institutions Relating to WRM
Ministry
Ministry of Natural Resource and
Environment (MONRE)
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development (MARD)
Functions and tasks of water resources management
State management of water resources, meteorology and
hydrology, synthesis and unification of sea and island
management
State management of agriculture, salt production, aquaculture,
irrigation, rural development, dyke management, flood control
Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) Development of hydropower, construction and operation of
hydropower dams/plants
Ministry of Science and Technology
(MOST)
Ministry of Construction (MOC)
Ministry of Transport (MOT)
Ministry of Health (MOH)
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Ministry of Planning and Investment
(MPI)
Development and provision of guidance on the application of
water related criteria
Implementation of water supply and drainage plan in urban
areas, industry zones and residential areas.
Management and development of navigation, waterway
structure and harbors.
Management of criteria relating to clean water, sanitation and
food safety
Provision of guidance on water related fees and taxes.
Synthesis of investment projects on water resources and
submission of plans, cost estimate of water resources projects
and water related damage mitigation projects
16. Financial Principles in WRM
Vietnam also applies principles to finance WRM:
1.
Polluter Pays: creates conditions to make pollution a costly
activity and to either influence behavior (and reduce pollution) or
generate revenues to alleviate pollution and compensate for
welfare loss.
2.
Beneficiary Pays: allows sharing the financial burden of water
resources management. It takes account of the high opportunity
cost related to using public funds for the provision of private
goods that users can afford.
3. Equity: a feature of many policy frameworks for water
management. It is often invoked to address affordability or
competitiveness issues, when water bills, driven by the first two
principles, may be disproportionate with users' capacity to pay.
4. Diversification of budgets for water investments (Irrigation,
hydropower, water supply, environment protection etc)
17. Financial Policy in WRM
Law on Water Resources 2012:
Financial sources:
Water resources tax and fees and charges
Licensing for granting the water resources rights
Compensation and fined for the State due to violation on the field
of water under regulation of laws.
Who pay:
Organizations and individuals to exploit the water have to pay
for granting the water exploitation in following cases:
Water exploitation for business hydropower generation
Water exploitation for business activities, services and nonagricultural production
Groundwater exploitation for industrial trees growing, livestock,
fishery cultivation with large scale.
19. What Kinds of Investment for WRM ?
Non-Structure/Software
Administrative system
Building capacity
Public awareness
Structure
Irrigation
Water supply
Hydropower
River Training
Environmental protection
Recreation
Water related disaster
20. Water Administrative Financing:
Water resources policy and administrative management:
Water sector policy, planning and programmes;
Water legislation and management;
Institution capacity building and advice;
Water supply assessments and studies;
Ground- water, water quality and watershed studies;
Hydrogeology. Excluding agricultural water resources.
Water disaster: developing knowledge, natural risks
cartography, legal norms for construction; early warning
systems; emergency contingency stocks and
21. Infrastructures
Agricultural water resources: Irrigation, reservoirs,
hydraulic structures, groundwater exploitation for
agricultural use.
Hydropower: Hydroelectric power plants
Water resources protection: surface waters (rivers, lakes,
etc.); conservation and rehabilitation of groundwater;
prevention of water contamination from agrochemicals,
industrial effluents.
Inland transportation:
22. Water for Uses
– Domestic Water Supply (Urban and Rural)
– Agriculture
– Hydropower
– Navigation
– Recreation
– Ecosystem and Environment
– Other needs
Protection and Mitigation of Water Related Hazards:
– Water Drainage in urban and rural ares
- Water quality Control
– Flood and Inundation
– Water born Diseases
– Others
23. Money Stream of Investment in Water Resources
(2002-2011)
No.
Users
Annual average
government
expenditure
(million constant
2010 US$)*
Percentage
(%)
Annual average
official
development
assistance gross
disbursements
(million constant
2010 US$)
Percentage
(%)
1
Hydroelectric power plants
577.63
50.6
29.54
12.3
2
Agricultural water resources
197.54
17.3
37.29
15.5
3
Basic drinking water supply
and basic sanitation
172.12
15.1
31.92
13.3
4
Water supply and sanitation in
large systems
144.97
12.7
80.54
33.5
5
Disaster prevention and
preparedness
31.00
2.7
24.36
10.1
6
Water resources policy and
administrative management
11.15
1.0
12.79
5.3
7
Water resources protection
6.16
0.6
9.02
3.7
8
River development
0.00
0.0
15.06
6.3
1140.57
100
240.52
100
Total annual average
24. Water Related Investment in Brief
During 2002 to 2011:
Water related investment: 22.9 % of total Gov,’s expenditures
1) National budget:
o
o
o
o
2) ODA:
US$ 1, 140.57 million/year
Hydropower:
Irrigation:
Water supply & sanitation:
Others
50.6%
17.3 %
27.8%
14.3%
US$ 240.52 million/year
o
Water supply & sanitation
46.8%
26. Water Supply
2006 – 2010 Programme: mobilized budget US$ 1.4 billion,
(91.6% of planned budget), 3 times higher than mobilized
budget in the period of 1999-2005. Objectives of program
has met.
Capital mobilization diversified in comparison to many
other programs, Gov.; Private, people and International
one
International support: around US$ 200 million (14.3% of
the total mobilized fund).
Soft credit: US$ 450 million (32.6%).
Private and people: US$ 170 million (12%)
Government and others: US$: 580 million (41,1%)
27. Agriculture Water Finance policy in future
Targets to 2015:
Policies on water pricing and responsibilities to ensure quality of
water service :
70% of O&M fully recovered by 70% of urban service providers;
25% of O&M fully recovered by 50% of irrigation service providers;
A resource management charging regime developed and
implemented for equitable recovery of costs of water resource
management activities.
Orientation to 2020:
100% of O&M fully recovered by all urban service providers.
50% of capital and infrastructure replacement costs fully recovered
by all major urban service providers
50% of O&M fully recovered by 75% of irrigation service providers.
100% of attributable resource management costs being met
through water resource use charges.
28. Expected …
2012-2015: US$ 1.35 billion
- State budget: US$ 210 million 4.100 tỷ đồng
(15%);
- Local governments: US$ 155 million (11%);
- International aids: US$ 410 million (30%);
- Credit fund US$ 450 million (33%),
- People contribution: US$ 155 million (11%).
29. Information….
Vietnam has 753 urban areas (2011):
2 Special urban areas: Hanoi & Ho Chi Minh City
3 Cities urban categories I: Hai Phong, Da Nang & Can
Tho.
8 Provincial cities categories I: Hue, Da Lat, Nha Trang,
Quy Nhon, Buon Ma Thuot, Thai Nguyen and Nam Dinh.
11 Provincial cities categories II: Bien Hoa, Ha Long,
Vung Tau, Viet Tri, Hai Duong, Thanh Hoa, My Tho, Long
Xuyen, Pleiku, Phan Thiet and Ca Mau.
47 Urban areas categories III: towns or provincial city
42 Urban areas categories IV: towns, township,
&townlets
640 Urban areas are categories V that are townlets
30. Information…
• 2006-2010 : Rural people enjoyed clean water
about 52 million (or 75% of total rural people
in Country) increasing 13,2 % in comparison in
2005...
Where budget come from?
State budget: 12%,
Soft credit: 40%;
International fund: 20%;
and People: 28%
32. Investment in Irrigation
4 decades (80’s up to 2010): Investment for highly intensified
cropland systems: 6125 trillion VND ( about US$ 3.2 billion)
100 large to medium scale hydraulic works. More than 8000
other irrigation systems used mainly for paddy field
irrigation.
2005: US$ 120 million
2008: US$ 240 million) ;
Irrigation subsided budget:: US$ 82 million
Up to 2010: > US$ 850 million) (48% of budget for
agriculture sector) -7 times increased.
For Mekong Delta 2012-2050: VND 171.700 billion (USD
33. Investment for Agriculture in Mekong Delta
(Irrigation and DRM in Climate Change)
2006-2012: 14,870 billion VND (USD 700 million) under
MARD’s management and about 4,970 billion VND (USD
2,485), under local authorities.
Averagely, investment for Mekong delta about
USD 110 -120 million/year.
• Under climate change, in period of 2012-2020 and
vision to 2050: 171,000 billion VND (USD 8.59 billion) of
that,
• Sea dike construction: USD 248 million;
• Improvement of river dyke of USD 588 million;
• Irrigation canal system of USD 249 million,
• Flood control projects of USD 249 million
37. Investment for Hydropower
Up to 2013:
- Contribution of hydropower to state budget:
Annual: VN 6.500 billion (US$ 330 million) by tax, fees
etc.
- Estmated investment ranging from US$ 20.5 billions to
US$ 27 (1 MW x US$ 1.5 - 2 million)
Annual investment abount US$ 1 to 1.3 billion/year.
38. Hydropower Potential
Range of among 14 richest potential of hydropower
in the world.
Total theory potential : 30-35 thousand MW install
capacity.
Technical potential: 18-20 thousand, now, 85 %
exploited.
Install Capacity (2013):
- 2013: 13.694 MW
39. Investment for Environment Protection
Estimated investment demand for solid waste treatment in the
various periods
TT Content
Unit
By 2015
By 2020
Municipal Hazard ous Municipal Hazardo us
solid waste solid waste solid waste solid waste
1
2
3
Demand for
treatment
Demand for
investment in
treatment
Total demand
for investment
tone/day 35,990
2,860
39.196
2.726
VND
billion
7,200
31.300
6.800
VND
billion
28,800
36,000
About US$ 1.8 billion
38,100
About US$ 1.9 billion
42. Water Disaster Investment 1996-2000
Region
Government
International Total
Red River
2730
1643
4373
North Moutain
1362
192
1554
North Central Part
1739
718
2457
Central Coasatal Part
1093
122
1215
338
37
375
9
2
11
2749
77
2826
10020
2791
12811
Central Highland
South East
Cuu Long Delta
Total
43.
44. Investment for Urban Drainage
Last 10 years: drainage system in urban areas has had large
investments for upgrade and expand the drainage systems;
reduce local flood and improve sanitation conditions.
Out of 100 cities and towns, 32 urban areas had ODA projects
that have been implemented with different progresses.
Total investment: VND 32,000 billion (US$ 1.6-1.8 billion);
However, still many shortcomings in drainage systems in urban
areas.
46. Investment for Urban Drainage in Future
Total investment demand for drainage (including committed
projects) by 2015 is around: VND 85,000 billion (US $ 4.3 billion)
focusing on addressing main tasks:
In 2011 – 2015:
– Developing master plan for drainage in urban areas from
categories III to higher ones that have not got master plan yet.
– Continuing implementation of the approved urban drainage
projects with the funds committed by donors.
Total investment demand for development of
drainage: VND 70,000 billion (US$ 3.5), focusing main tasks:
In 2015 -2020:
– Investing in completion of wastewater treatment stations and
sewer routes for collection in large cities such as Hanoi, HCM
City, Da Nang (VND 30,000 billion or US$ 1.6 million).
– Continuing to invest in drainage system for urban areas of
categories from IV to higher. (VND 40,000 billion or US$ 2.0
billion)
47. Water – related Disasters
Note:*Water-related disasters’ within the scope of this WCB study do not include droughts.
49. Conclusions and Reconmendations
Large investment but more focusing on source
generating rather than distributing
Waste and pollution control weak
Self-sufficiency improved but far from the target
Irrigation fee backing and confusing
Study constrains
Assess to data difficult
Data are managed/stored by different
agencies/sectors and not consistent