4. Implementation of IWRM in Thailand National Level 1989 The National Water Resources Committee 1994 First Draft of National Water Law submitted to the Cabinet 1999 Stake-holder workshop - The National Water Vision 2000 -The National Water Vision endorsed (July) -The National Water Policy endorsed (October) 2007 The National Water Resources Strategic Plan was developed
5. Basin Level 1999 Establishing of pilot RBC in Ping and Pasak 2001 Integrated Basin Management Plan in Ping and Pasak started and covered 25 River Basins in 2006 2002 Government approved the river basin proposed budgetary procedure in June’ 2004 RBC in all 25 River Basins 2006 Establishing pilot sub-basin management Implementation of IWRM in Thailand
6. Integrated Basin Management Plan 2001 : Ping Pasak 2002 : East Coast: Tonlesap, Bang Pakong , Prachinburi 2003 : Yom, Nan 2004 : Wang, Khong , Chi , Mun, Thajeen, Sakaekrang, Chao Phraya 2005 : Cover 25 River Basins
7. Integrated Basin Management Plan Potential Compilation - Water Resources Potential - Socio-Economic Data Concept - Integration - Participatory Stakeholders Integrated Work Plan - Organization Plan - Provincial Plan - Raw Water Sources Provision and Development Plan - Water Allocation and Use Plan - Water Sources Conservation Plan - Flood/Drought Control Plan - Water Quality Improvement Plan - Structure Measures - Non-Structure Measures - Short, Medium and Long-Term Plan - Dialogue I - Dialogue II - Dialogue III - Database - River Basin Modeling
9. National Water Resource Policy 1. Accelerate promulgation of Water Act as the framework for national water management 2. Establish water management organizations both at national and river basin levels with supportive legislation 3. Emphasize suitable and equitable water allocation for all water use sectors 4. Formulate clear directions for raw water provision and water sources development 5. Provide and develop raw water sources for agricultural purpose uses 6. Develop and include water related topics at all levels of educational curriculum 7. Promote and support participation of the public, nongovernment and government organizations 8. Accelerate preparation of plans for flood and drought protections 9. Provide sufficient and sustainable financial support for action programs in line with the national policy
11. National Water Legislation Framework - The main framework environmental legislation is the Enhancement and Conservation of the Natural Environmental Quality Act of 1992 - The Sub-committee on National Water Resources responsible for the drafting of National Water Resources Act (B.E….) was appointed. - The National Water Resources Act (B.E….) draft proposed by lower house has been put on hold. - 2001 The National Water Resources Bureau held public hearing on the Water resources Act (draft) in the Eastern region - 2001 National Water Resources Bureau has sent out 3,000 questionnaires to Eastern Coast Basin
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13. In seven River Basins: - High populations - Economic growth - Limited available freshwater By region: : Central Chao Phraya, Thajeen : Northeast Chi, Moon : East Bang Pakong, the Eastern coast : South Songkla Lake. Results; - less runoffs compared to the national average - competition of water use, - water governance - increasing water pollution. The ‘hotspot’ on water management
14. In 2004 population was 62 million estimated water demand was 57,000 Mm 3 , 90 % -used for agriculture In 2024 population -expected to reach 73 million Water demand -expected to be 77,000 Mm 3 “ Water demand in the North-Central and East areas has already exceeded water storage” “ Basin closed-Basin closing”- phenomena Burning Issues Water storage VS Water demand
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17. Droughts -In rural areas, drought can cause serious damage to local production and to farmers’ dwellings. -1999 drought alone costed over 1.5 billion Baht. -Water shortage in the Eastern Seaboard had impacted on the industrial sector severely. -During 1989-2003, drought affected 134 million people and destroyed 46 million rai of agricultural land, costing 4.5 billion Baht (an average of 200 million Baht per year).
18. Water quality More than half of the rivers have acceptable water quality, one-third are degraded or polluted. (WB, 2003) Serious problems in : the lower Thajeen River (low DO and high NH3), Lam Thakong of Moon River (high BOD), Songkla Lake (high bacteria and NH3). Rapid degradation in water quality ; : the middle Mae Klong , Bang Pakong, Nakornnayok, : lower parts of the Chao Phraya River Basins
19. - Increasing populations in the watershed. - Land use change, land conversion, soil and water quality; - Forests loss; - Inadequate measure to protect the watershed; Tailored made policy for forest cover in each river basin is needed and should be prepared (asap) in order to help protect the watershed. Continuing pressures on the forest covered and biodiversity resources Land Use Policy: causes and consequences
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21. Recommendation 1) The existing policy’s instruments need review and amendment. 2) Promotion of the Study on Policy Research should be undertaken so that the framework for policy processes is unified. 3) Legislative framework should incorporate indigenous customary law and traditional environmental management procedures. 4) Provision of Technical advice for the more adequate environmental law should be prioritized. 5) Provision of Technical Assistance for environmental practitioners in ‘hot spot’ areas should be prioritized and implemented.
