Vibriosis is a prevalent bacterial disease affecting marine fish caused by Vibrio anguillarum. It occurs worldwide in cultured and wild fish, especially salmonids and perch-like fish, during late summer in shallow waters. Clinical signs include red spots, skin lesions, hemorrhaging, and inflammation. Diagnosis involves isolating the bacteria from lesions on agar plates and identifying it biochemically or through serological tests. Treatment involves antibiotics in feed but the disease often reappears after treatment. Prevention focuses on maintaining good water quality and husbandry practices.
Vibriosis is one of the most prevalent fish diseases caused by bacteria belonging the genus Vibrio affecting many marine and fresh water fishes. The disease characterized by septicemia, dermal ulceration, ascitis and haematopiotic necrosis.
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
the presentation provides the various fungal pathogens of fish and shell fish along with their lifecycles, the pathology, histology, epizootiology, prevention and treatment measures
Vibriosis is one of the most prevalent fish diseases caused by bacteria belonging the genus Vibrio affecting many marine and fresh water fishes. The disease characterized by septicemia, dermal ulceration, ascitis and haematopiotic necrosis.
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
the presentation provides the various fungal pathogens of fish and shell fish along with their lifecycles, the pathology, histology, epizootiology, prevention and treatment measures
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
Non-Infectious Disease
Not caused by pathogens
Cannot be transmitted to other species
Malnutrition, Avitaminoses, Heavy Metals etc. are responsible
Risk factors:
Genetics
Life-style
Environmental factors
Genetic Risk Factors
Determined by genes
Familial Disease Tendency
Disease runs in species
Recessive gene disorders
Down syndrome
Born with extra chromosome
Sex-linked disorders
Linked to x chromosome (female)
Can be recessive in females
Color blindness, hemophilia, & muscular dystrophy
Why are they introduced Exotic fishes transplanted in INDIA
Types/routes of introductions
A.Deliberate introductions
accidental introduction
predation on natives
competition
habitat alteration
parasites/diseases
genetic effects
ecosystem engineers – radically change structure of communities and habitats, e.g., zebra mussels
Effects of exotics
cultured shrimp are getting affected by various disease.some of them are acute and some chronic. and the curing is very harder for a farmer so it is better suggested for safety precaution and proper hygiene while culturing.and the affected shrimp in cured with antibiotics is not accepted by anyone in the export business. so, let yourself find out the various shrimp disease their cure and proper management in this seminar.
On World Environment Day (June 5, 2014), the World Resources Institute (WRI), WorldFish, the World Bank, INRA, and Kasetsart University released the newest installment of the 2013-14 World Resources Report: Creating a Sustainable Food Future, "Improving Productivity and Environmental Performance of Aquaculture."
This working paper examines the implications of doubling aquaculture production between now and 2050, and offers recommendations to ensure that aquaculture growth contributes to a sustainable food future.
Find out more at http://ow.ly/xHnJ2
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
Non-Infectious Disease
Not caused by pathogens
Cannot be transmitted to other species
Malnutrition, Avitaminoses, Heavy Metals etc. are responsible
Risk factors:
Genetics
Life-style
Environmental factors
Genetic Risk Factors
Determined by genes
Familial Disease Tendency
Disease runs in species
Recessive gene disorders
Down syndrome
Born with extra chromosome
Sex-linked disorders
Linked to x chromosome (female)
Can be recessive in females
Color blindness, hemophilia, & muscular dystrophy
Why are they introduced Exotic fishes transplanted in INDIA
Types/routes of introductions
A.Deliberate introductions
accidental introduction
predation on natives
competition
habitat alteration
parasites/diseases
genetic effects
ecosystem engineers – radically change structure of communities and habitats, e.g., zebra mussels
Effects of exotics
cultured shrimp are getting affected by various disease.some of them are acute and some chronic. and the curing is very harder for a farmer so it is better suggested for safety precaution and proper hygiene while culturing.and the affected shrimp in cured with antibiotics is not accepted by anyone in the export business. so, let yourself find out the various shrimp disease their cure and proper management in this seminar.
On World Environment Day (June 5, 2014), the World Resources Institute (WRI), WorldFish, the World Bank, INRA, and Kasetsart University released the newest installment of the 2013-14 World Resources Report: Creating a Sustainable Food Future, "Improving Productivity and Environmental Performance of Aquaculture."
This working paper examines the implications of doubling aquaculture production between now and 2050, and offers recommendations to ensure that aquaculture growth contributes to a sustainable food future.
Find out more at http://ow.ly/xHnJ2
Lantra celebration of aquaculture presentationLantraScotland
Mike Russell MSP hosted a celebration of Modern Apprenticeships in Aquaculture in Scotland at the Scottish Parliament. This is the presentation on the aquaculture industry which ran in the background, highlighting a higher level Technical Award that is now available.
Bacterial diseases of reproductive importanceSakina Rubab
This presentation comprises of almost all the bacteria and other agents too that are involved in causing reproductive diseases in animals, especially cattle.
Aquaculture products can harbor pathogenic bacteria which are part of the natural microflora of the environment. A study was conducted aiming at the isolation of human pathogenic bacteria in gills, intestines, mouth and the skin of apparently healthy fish, Tilapia rendali and Oreochromic mossambicus, from the Fletcher dam. Bacterial pathogens associated with fish can be transmitted to human beings from fish used as food or by handling the fish causing human diseases. Differentiation and characterization of various isolates was based on their growth characteristics on specific culture media (biochemical and gram staining reactions). The following human pathogenic bacteria were isolated Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella dysenteriae and Enterococcus faecalis. All the bacterial species which were isolated from the fish were also present in the initial water samples collected. The isolation of enteric bacteria in fish serves as indicator organisms of faecal contamination and or water pollution. Their presence also represents a potential hazard to humans. The mean bacterial load of the isolates was found to be markedly higher than the recommended public health and standard value of 5.0 x 106 CFU/ml which has been adopted by many countries.
Host-pathogen Interactions, Molecular Basis and Host Defense: Pathogen Detect...QIAGEN
Host–pathogen interactions are strikingly complex during infection. This slidedeck provides an overview of the molecular basis of these intricate interactions: the impact of microbiota on innate and adaptive immunity, metabolism, and insulin resistance and host defense mechanisms. Various research tools will be introduced to simplify and streamline each step of studying the host response, enabling detection of pathogens, analysis of gene expression and regulation, epigenetic modification, genotyping and signal transduction pathway activation.
What is bacteria?
Bacteria shape
Types of bacteria
Difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Common symptom
Causes
Bacterial disease in fish
Furunculosis
Columnaris
Dropsy
Vibriosis
Tuberculosis
Bacterial gill diseases
Fin rot / tail rot
Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens.
Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses.[3] In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for furunculosis in farmed salmon and koi herpes virus in koi.[4][5]
Geographical Indications (GI)
Types of GI
Why GI needs to be protected?
Advantages of GI
How are GIs Protected?
WIPO and GI
GI in India
Registration process
GI in Tamil Nadu
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
2. Vibriosis is one of the most prevalent fish diseases caused by
bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio.
Vibriosis (vibrio
anquillarum complex)
in milk fish –
hemorrhage and
inflammation of skin.
3. Vibriosis caused by Vibrio anguillarum
Fish species affected:
Mainly in marine culture of Salmonid and Perciformes fish
Vibriosis occurs in cultured and wild marine fish in salt or brackish
water,
Seasonal occurrence:
particularly in shallow waters during late summer
Vibriosis (vibrio
anquillarum complex) in
red grouper –
inflammation and loss of
scales.
4. Etiology
Vibrio anguillarum (mainly serotype I).
Family: Vibrionaceae.
Gram negative bacterium,
appearing as a slightly curved rod with
round edges
polarly flagellated,
bipolar staining.
Motile in fresh suspensions in sterile saline
0.9%
5. The causative agent, of this Vibriosis
disease:
V. anguillarum, was first described in
1909 as the aetiological agent of the
'red pest of eels' in the Baltic Sea.
An earlier report from the early 1800's,
describing epizootics in migrating
eels (Anguilla vulgaris) implicated a
bacterium named Bacillus anguillarum.
The pathology of the disease and the
characteristics of the bacterium in
these two reports suggested that the
etiological agents were the same.
Vibriosis was not reported in North America until 1953, when V.
anguillarum was isolated from chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta).
Vibriosis in salmonids
(vibrio anguillarum
complex) in chinook
salmon with lesion on
body.
6. Vibrio anguillarum belongs to one
of the halophilic groups of
Vibrios and survives at different
salinities.
it is able to survive in sea water
for more than 50 months.
More than twenty different serovars
of V. anguillarum (designated O1
to O23) have been described
(Pedersen et al., 1999).
Serovars O1 and O2 occur
world-wide and are those most
often found in connection with
diseases in fish particularly in
salmonids and species of cod
fish
7. All age classes are susceptible.
Mortality is higher among the young fry. Obviously, the
economic damage is greater when larger growing bass are
lost.
Age/size of fish mostly susceptible:
8. External & Internal Signs
Clinical Signs
The characteristic clinical signs of Vibriosis include
red spots on the ventral and lateral areas of the fish
swollen and dark skin lesions that ulcerate,
releasing a blood exudate.
There are also corneal lesions, characterized by an initial opacity,
followed by ulceration and evulsion of the orbital contents.
However, in acute and severe epizootics, the course of the infection
is rapid, and most of the infected fish die without showing any clinical
signs.
Vibriosis disease
occured in snapper
9. External haemorrhagic
appearance of skin and fins,
distended belly,
inflamed anus
exophthalmus of diseased
fish.
Pale liver with petechiae, splenomegaly
distended intestines filled with yellowish
transparent fluid comprise typical necropsy
findings of vibriosis.
Often there is excessive visceral fat due
to chronic overfeeding.
The swim bladder is frequently
distended hence many of the moribund
and dead fish float on the surface
10. Sometimes sea bass fry
suffering vibriosis exhibit deep
necrosis of the trunk of the tail
peduncle and the caudal fin.
Cannibalistic activity against the sick
fish by their cage-mates may
predispose to such lesions
Necropsy findings
11. Diagnosis
clinical symptoms,
necropsy findings,
isolation of the bacterium on agar
plates (usually TSA or TCBS) and
identification either biochemically
(Biomerieux API system) or
serologically by means of rapid
agglutination test kits.
On TSA medium, incubated at room
temperature (about 25°C), pale
round colonies of about 1-1.5mm
in diameter, develop within 24-36
hours.
12. A drop of the antiserum is
placed on the dark field of the
test card.
A bacterial colony is taken
from the agar plate with the
loop and homogenised for 30
sec. with the antiserum.
A positive agglutination is
characterised by the
formation of a multitude of
small spherical agglutinates,
whereas a negative test shows
either no agglutinate
formation, or irregularly
shaped, cloudy agglutinates
13. Mono-Aqua diagnostic kit:
It comprises a kit complete with reagents
and necessary cards in order to perform a
quick (30 sec) sero-agglutination test on
bacterial colonies that have been isolated
on agar plates from the tissues of sick or
suspect fish in the laboratory.
Thus, it provides a fast and accurate
identification of the pathogen bypassing
the need to perform biochemical profiling.
.
The kit's main novelty lies in the fact that it provides an additional
"negative control antiserum", that is, an antiserum that reacts
against bacteria with close antigenic properties
with Vibrio anguillarum
14. Abreviation ofmic
rotube substrate Bacterial strain's biochemical
attributes
Result Triad code
OPNG:
ADH:
LDC:
ODC:
CIT:
H2S:
URE:
TDA:
IND:
β-galactosidase production
Arginine dihydrolase production
Lysine decarboxylase production
Ornithine decarboxylase production
Citrate utilisation
H2S production
Urease production
Tryptophane deaminase production
Indole production
+
+
--
--
Variable
--
--
--
+
3
0 or 2
4
15. Prevention and Control
General Methods
Control of furunculosis and vibriosis is best achieved by maintenance
of water quality, good husbandry and low stocking densities.
This is not, however, always possible, and where outbreaks occur,
treatment with antibiotics is the only option .
In areas where a disease is not endemic it is possible to exclude the
causative agents by a legislative policy such as
•1) restrictions on importation/movement of live fish/eggs and
2) slaughter and disinfection in infected fish
16. Treatment:
Daily administration of antibiotics,
mixed in the feed, for 10 days is
usually effective to eliminate
mortalities (oxytetracycline at
100mg/kg biomass per day,
flumequine at 80mg/kg biomass,
oxolinic acid at 60mg/kg biomass) and
potentiated sulphonamides
(trimethoprim + sulfadiazine) at
70mg/kg biomass per day.
However, the disease often
reappears in about 2-3 weeks post a
seemingly successful therapy.