Indigenous pathogen is an part of microbiology study.generally those pathogen are more diseases creator in human ....

1. INDIGENAUS PATHOGENS: VIBRIONACEAE
SHUVA BHOWMIK
Assistant professor
Department of Fisheries And Marine
Science,NSTU
ASH 1802020M
ASH 1802023M
BKH 1802029F
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ASH 1802066M

2. What is --------- --------
Pathogen?
A pathogen is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its
host.
Indigenous pathogen?
Indigenous pathogens are those pathogens which is presence in a given
place with natural process without human intervention.
Vibrionaceae?
The Vibrionaceae are a family of Proteobacteria given their own order,
Vibrioales.
 Gram-negative organisms and facultative anaerobes, capable of
fermentation.
Contain oxidase and have one or more flagella, which are generally
polar.

3. Vibrionaceae have Three genera:
I. Vibrio
II. Aeromonas
III. Plesiomonas

4. VIBRIO ;
֍Vibrio, (genus Vibrio), any of a group of comma-shaped bacteria in
the family Vibrionaceae.
֍Aquatic microorganisms
֍Gram-negative.
֍Highly motile
֍Facultative anaerobes
֍Having one to three whip like flagella at one end
֍Possess two chromosome, which is unusual for bacteria
֍11 species of Vibrio are recognized as pathogenic or potentially
pathogenic to humans.

5. VIBRIO CHOLERAE;
Gram-negative ,comma-
shaped bacterium.
Natural habitat is brackish or
saltwater.
 Facultative anaerobe and has
a flagellum at one cell pole as well
as pili.
Vibrio cholerae is usually divided
into two groups, serotype 01 and
non-01 V. cholerae. Those groups
can be further subdivided as
toxigenic and nontoxigenic.
It is caused by eating food or
drinking water contaminated with a
Vibrio cholerae

6. VIBRIO CHOLERAE (CONT..)
CAUSES:
Common sources include:
Municipal water supplies
Foods and drinks sold by street
vendors
Vegetables grown with water
containing human wastes
Raw or undercooked fish and
seafood caught in waters polluted
with sewage.
SYMPTOMS:
Common symptoms include:
Rapid heart rate.
Loss of skin elasticity.
Dry mucous membranes.
Low blood pressure.
Muscle cramps.

7. VIBRIO CHOLERAE (CONT..)
TREATMENTANDPREVENTION:
Drinking.
Preparing food or drinks.
Making ice.
Brushing your teeth.
Washing your face and hands
Washing dishes and utensils that you use to eat or prepare food
Washing fruits and vegetables.

8. VIBRIO ALGINOLYTICUS;
One of the most common pathogenic
marine Vibrio species.
It has been found to cause serious seafood-
poisoning or fatal extra-intestinal infections in
humans, such as bacteremia and multiple organ
failures.
Numerous studies have been conducted,
displaying the outbreak of V. alginolyticus in
various marine animals.
These studies show the necrotic effect of V.
alginolyticus on different types of organisms;
from fish to seahorses.
V. alginolyticus is also known to cause necrosis
V. alginolyticus

9. VIBRIO CINCINNATIENSIS:
Halophilic
Gram-negative
The source of infection could not be determined.
Symptoms:
Chicken pox.
Sinusitis.
Achromobactin.
Head injury.
Pseudomonas.
Acute leukemia.
Lymphoma

10. VIBRIO DAMSELA:
Halophilic bacterium that has been isolated from infected
wounds.
Involved exposure to brackish or salt water and fish fins punctures.
SYMPTOMES:
Diarrhea
Watery stool
Blood in stool
Chills
Abdominal cramps
Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Muscle pain
Headache

11. VIBRIO FLUVIALIS AND V. FURNISSII:
Found marine and estuarine
environments and from shellfish.
It’s clinical symptoms are similar to
cholera.
Causes for bloody diarrhea and
abdominal pain.
Found in Bangladesh.
SYMPTOMES;
Diarrhea
Blood in stool
Abdominal cramps
Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Muscle pain

12. VIBRIO HOLLISAE:
oInfrequently isolated from individuals with diarrhea.
oSource of infaction is raw oyster,clam and shrimp.
oOnly one of the nine had preexisting hepatic disease.
Symptoms:
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain.
Low growth
Fever

13. VIBRIO METSCHNIKOVII:
Gram-negative
Oxidase-negative bacillus
Found in sewage, estuaries, and rivers
Previously isolated from river water, clams, oysters, fish ,and birds
that died of a cholera like illness.

14. Gram-negative,curved or comma shape bacteria.
Facultative anaerobes and oxidase-positive.
Found in aquatic ecosystem and association with zooplankton,
crustaceans, filter-feeding mollusks, turtle eggs, and fish.
Vibrio mimicus are closely related phylogenetically to Vibrio
cholerae but they are different biologically in sucrose fermentation.
Vibrio mimicus:
SYMPTOMES:
 Gastroenteritis
 Diarrhea
 Had nausea
 Vomiting
 Abdominal cramps Vibrio
mimicus

15. VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS:
Halophilic, motile (polarly flagellated) and Gram negative .
Isolated from seawater, sediments, fish and shellfish, and plankton.
Makes migration with temperature[51. 8°F ].
Infaction source are eating raw or undercooked shellfish or drinking
contaminated water.
SYMPTOMES:
 Watery diarrhea (occasionally bloody
diarrhea)
 Abdominal cramps
 Nausea
 Pain
 Redness
 Warmth
 Pus or discharge.

16. VIBRIO VULNIFICUS:
Previously known as Beneckea vulnificus
Lactose fermenting, halophilic, rod-shaped, Gram-negative
bacterium
V. vulnificus is related to V. cholerae, the causative agent
There are two types of scenarios that lead to vibrio vulnificus
infection.
A. The majority of “primary” infections are due to consuming
raw or undercooked seafood especially raw oysters.
B. The second type of vibrio vulnificus infection affects the skin
by entering the body through an open wound.
Primary infections are more serious and deadly than the other
type, a wound infection.

17. VIBRIO VULNIFICUS(CONT..)
SYMPTOMES:
֍Cellulitis and other severe skin lesions.
֍Sepsis symptoms. These include fever or abnormal body
temperatures either above 101 F (38.3 C) or below 96.8 F (36 C).
֍Abnormal heartbeats or rapid heart rate (above 90 beats per minute)
֍Signs of organ failure, including decreased urination.
֍Cognitive changes including confusion.
֍Decreased platelet count.
֍Abdominal pain, nausea and diarrhea.

18. AEROMONAS:
Aeromonas means gas-producing monad.
Aeromonas cells are Gram negative, straight rods with curved
ends and motile by polar and usually monoicous flagella.
They break down carbohydrates to acid and gas and ferment
glucose, fructose, maltose, and trehalas and are cytochrome
oxidase and peroxidase positive.
Aeromonads can produce protease, diastase, lipase, DNase,
and lecithin’s.
Several species of Aeromonads are of public health importance
and include:
i. A. hydrophila
ii. A. sobria
iii. A. cavial.

19. AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA:
 Aeromonas hydrophila is the most well-known
of the six species belonging to the genus
Aeromonas.
It is rod- shaped, non- spore forming, oxidase-
positive, facultative anaerobic, gram- negative
bacterium that inhabits aquatic environments .
This bacterium can be found in fresh, brackish,
estuarine, marine, chlorinated and unchlorinated
water supplies worldwide.
Aeromonas hydrophila can also inhabit soil .The
bacterium has optimal growth at 28°C but can
also grow at the limits from 4°C to 37°C .
Some strains of Aeromonas hydrophila are
capable of causing disease in fish and amphibians
as well as in humans.
Aeromonas
hydrophila

20. AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA(CONT..)
PATHOLOGY:
A. hydrophila cause illness mainly in fish and amphibians because
this bacterium lives in aquatic environments.
Disease found in frogs called red leg that causes internal or fatal
hemorrhage.
Also pathogenic to humans. It causes gastroenteritis which can
affect anyone, but it most occurs in young children.
It also causes diseases such as myonecrosis and eczema in people
with compromised immune systems.
Aeromonas hydrophila is also associated with cellulitis, an infection
that causes inflammation in the skin tissue.
Aeromonas hydrophila often exhibit abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting, and diarrhea .

21. PLESIOMONAS SHIGELLOIDES:
Plesiomonas shigelloides formerly
classified in the family Vibrionaceae, but
now most microbiologists agree that a
better classification is in the order
Enterobacterale.
It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped
bacterium which has been isolated from
freshwater ,freshwater fish, and shellfish
and from many types of animals including
humans, cattle, goats, swine, cats, dogs,
monkeys, vultures, snakes, and toads.
The organism requires a minimum
temperature of 8ºC and the absence of salt
for growth, which limits its aquatic habitats
Plesiomonas
shigelloides

22. REFERENCES:
Blake, P. A., Weaver, R. E., and Hollis, D. G. 1980. Diseases of
humans other than cholera caused by vibrios. Annu. Rev. Microbiol.
34:341-367.
Bockemühl, J., Roch, K., Wohler, B., Aleksia, 5., and Wokatsch, R.
1986. Seasonal distribution of facultative enteropathogenic vibrios
(Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus) in the
freshwater of the Eibe river at Hamburg. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 60:435.
WWW.Sciencedirect.net
www.wikipedia.com
www.microbiowiki.com
Photo credit:istock.com