This document provides information about hereditary fish diseases presented by a student group. It discusses several hereditary diseases including dropsy caused by bacteria or viruses, fish tuberculosis caused by mycobacteria bacteria, deformities which can be hereditary or due to environmental factors, albinism which is a genetic lack of pigmentation, tumors and cancers which can be due to genetic or viral factors, and eye diseases like fish-eye disease which is an autosomal recessive condition caused by mutations in the LCAT gene. Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatments are described for each condition.

1. Welcome To Our Presentation
Our Presentation Topic Is
HEREDITY FISH DISEASES

2. Group :01
Group Members
1. A.H.M AL-NAHIAN (ASH1602004M)
2. REBEKA ISLAM (BKH1602005F)
3. SHORIFUL ISLAM (ASH1602006M)
4. MD. AHASAN HABIB (ASH1602008M)
5. MD. NURUL HUDA BABU (ASH1602010M)

3. What is Disease?
 Any alteration of the body or one of its organs so as to disturb normal
physiological function
 opposite of health = unhealthy or dysfunctional
Heredity: Transmission from generation to generation (usually through the
process of reproduction) factors which cause the offspring to resemble
their parents

4. What are the causes of fish disease?
 Bad water quality
 Inappropriate diet
 Temperature (too high or too low)
 Stress
 Viral diseases
 Fungal infections
 Bacterial infections
 Parasitic infections

5. Heredity Fish Disease
I. Dropsy
II. Tuberculosis
III. Deformities
IV. Albinism
V. Tumours
VI. Eye disease

6. Dropsy
 Dropsy is a common disease
among fresh water aquarium fish.
 Dropsy is an abnormal accumulation
of fluid in the abdomen , may affect
the whole body or in some organs.

7. Causative agents
 Bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila, pseudomonas fluorescens)
 Virus (Rhabdo virus).
 Parasites (Myxosporideans sp).
Susceptible species: carps and others.

8. Symptoms:
 Straw coloured fluid inside the body cavity.
 Distended abdomen.
 Scale protrusion.
 Inflammation of intestine.
 Haemorrhagic ulcer on skin and fins.
 Degenerative change of heart and kidney.
 Parasitic cyst in kidney.
 Ulcer lesion in the skin and muscle.

9. Diagnosis:
Based on the typical clinical sign of
abdominal swelling and
accumulation of fluid in body cavity
during necropsy.

10. Treatments:
 Potassium per manganite 5ppm dip for 2 minutes.
 Sulphamerazine or sulphaguanadine or sulphadiazine
10gm/45kg fish/day as an empirical dose.

11. Fish Tuberculosis
 Fish Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease.
 Infected may be 25-30 per cent of aquarium fish .
 Most prevalent in overstocked community tanks.
 The majority of infected fish show no symptoms.

12. Causative agents:
 Mycobacterium piscium
 Mycobacterium anabanti
 Mycobacterium salmoniphilum
 Mycobacterium marinum

13. Species:
Certain types of fish seem to be more at risk of carrying, or at least succumbing to,
fish tuberculosis. Cyprinids and cyprinodonts in general, includeing ……
Cyprinids:
 Giant Danio - Danio malabaricus
 Guppies - Lebistes reticulatus
 Golden Carp - Cyprinus carpio
 Goldfish - Carassius autatus
Cyprinodonts:
 Sword-tails - Xiphophorus helleri

14. Environmental Conditions Favoring Mycobacterium:
 Low levels of dissolved oxygen.
 Low pH (4-6).
 High organic loads.
 Warm water (27°C-38C°).

15. Symptoms:
 Loss of appetite
 Progressive thinness
 Sluggish movement
 Folded fins
 Eye protrusion
 Dark coloration (this is the first sign in Angelfish)
 Skeletal deformity
 Hanging at the surface
 Scales loosening and falling out
 General swelling

16. Diagnosing
 Microscope
 Bacterial culture
 PCR

17. Treatment:
 This disease is insidious and difficult to eradicate. Even freezing does not
kill bacteria in carcasses.
 In one study, erythromycin, rifampicin, or streptomycin was effective
against experimental infections.
 Kanamycin is effective in reducing clinical disease (no eradication).
 Disinfection is the best method (sodium hypochlorite, lysol, 50% ethanol,
sodium chlorite).
 Dip treatment for one minute in 1 : 2000 copper sulphate sol. for 3-4 days
may be useful.
 Alternatively the fishes may be destroyed and the pond sterilized with
KMnO4 or with soaked lime restocking

18. Prevention :
 You should also avoid excessive stock densities, as this could also lead to the
development and spread of the disease.
 Good husbandry and a varied diet can prevent acute symptoms, even in
infected fish.
 All fish with external signs must be removed immediately and killed: never
use them for breeding.
 Fish which have shared a tank with an infected one should not be given away
or sold but should be isolated and carefully looked after.
 In breeding tanks, diseased stocks must be destroyed and the tank disinfected
with 1:1000 potassium permanganate solution.

19. Deformities
 It means lack of fins, swim bladder
debility and certain skeletal
deformities
 Its occur as hereditary conditions
 The origin of which seems to be due
to an inherited disorder of vitamin D
metabolism

20. Affected species
 Trout
 Mollies
 Guppies
 Salmon
 Tilapia
 Aquarium Fish

21. Factors of deformities :
Deformities caused by numerous factors including
 Environmental factor: Temperature, photoperiod, light intensity,
salinity, water current etc.
 Nutritional imbalance: Amino acid, vitamins, phosphorous,
manganese, zinc, heavy metal, genetic back ground, and some
pathogens such as viral nervous necrosis.

22. Symptoms
 Deformities in the longitudinal axis of the body,
deformities of the upper and lower jaws,
blockage of mouth
 Fin splits
 Fin deformity
 Lower life extension
 Gill deformity
 Scale discoloration
Deformities of fish mouth
 Jaw deformity

23. Diagnosis
 Deformation of the vertebral column
 Whirling disease
 Piscine tuberculosis
 Bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia
 Vitamin deficiencies
 Hypertrophy of the thyroid glands

24. Treatment
 Not suitable treatment known ; the tanks must be disinfected.
 Treated the tank with disease away to help support the fish and their
immune system
 Regular testing water for nitrate, nitrite and pH
 Complete regular tank maintenance to ensure a clean and healthy
 Ensure aquarium is in a good position, away from natural light and
lost of movement

25. Albinism
 Albinism is a lack of pigmentation in the eyes, skin, hair. Albinism is
an inherited condition resulting from the combination of recessive
alleles passed from both parents of an individual.
 This condition is known to affect mammals, fish, birds, reptiles and
amphibians.
 There’s two types
1. Amelanistic albinism
2. Piebaldism albinism

26. Causative agent and factor
 Caused by the deficiency in melanin production.
 Albinism is a genetic disorder produced by an autosomal recessive
gene in the homozygous state.
Factors:
Albino siluriformes have been caused by three factors:
 Random genetic alterations
 Contamination effects
 Genetic alteration due to small population size.

27. Host and Symptom
 Mammals.
 Fish.
 Birds.
 Reptiles.
 Amphibians
Symptoms:
 Thus determining the pink or yellowish body color.
 Red eyes.
 Abnormal skin pigmentation but normal eye color.

28. Inbreeding problem
This is caused by two fish of the same
species
Breeding that share a chromosome that
causes albinism.

29. Sectors :
 An Albino Aquarium Fish.
 Albinism is most common in commercially farmed fish.
 The aquarium trade where albino pairs can be selected and bred
as fish geeks and keepers.
 In mammals.

30. Tumors and cancers
Fishes develop tumors and cancers , much like humans and others animals.
However , sharks are a type of fish which never develops cancers.
Tumors occurs in two different places-
 Epithelial tumours- pigment cells , nervous system, thyroid gland, skin (
papilloma ), dental tissues.
 Mesenhynial tumours- musculature , adipose tissues , connective tissues
, bones , Alimentary canal, Sexual organs.

31. Causes:
Most fishes get tumors or cancers due
to genetic predisposition . some
fishes, however, can get tumors or
cancers from a viral infection.

32. Symptoms:
 Most tumors are seen as bumps or lumps under the fish skin.
 Unfortunately, internal tumors or cancers display symptoms once it
has become to late to save the fish.
 Koi fish usually get tumors in the reproductive organs
 they will have swollen abdomens and the illness can become terminal.
 Another type of tumor is found in the gills . it causes the fish to be
unable to close it gills , and is due to a thyroid dysfunction.

33. Treatments :
 Most cancers and tumors found in fishes have no cure or
treatment.
 Internal tumors or cancers are also not diagnosed until the
advanced stages of the disease. And when it is identified early,
the position and placement of the tumor often make it
inoperable.
 However , there are some tumors which are treatable. For
instance gill tumor which is caused by a thyroid problem, can be
treated by placing the fish in water medicated with iodine.

34. Fish-eye disease
 It is a rare condition that affects the eyes.
 People with this condition generally develop corneal clouding
beginning in adolescence or early adulthood.
 Overtime, the condition gradually worsens and can lead to
significant vision loss.
 Fish-eye disease is caused by changes (mutations) in the
LCAT gene and is inheritance an autosomal recessive manner.

35. Symptoms:
 The signs and symptoms of fish-eye disease generally begin in adolescence
or early adulthood and affect the clear front surface of the eye (also called
the cornea).
 In people with this condition, the cornea gradually becomes cloudy.
 This condition often worsens overtime which can lead to significant visual
impairment.
 Some affected people may also have signs of atherosclerosis, a condition in
which plaque builds up inside the arteries.

36. Causes:
 Fish-eye disease is caused by changes (mutations) in the LCAT gene.
 This gene encodes an enzyme that helps remove cholesterol from the blood and
certain tissues.
 Fish-eye disease occurs when mutations impair the enzyme's ability to attach
cholesterol to a lipoprotein called high-density lipoprotein (HDL), specifically.
 As a result, cholesterol begins to cloud the cornea. It is unclear why cholesterol
deposits almost exclusively affect the cornea in this condition.

37. Inheritance:
 Fish-eye disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
 This means that to be affected, a person must have a mutation in both copies of the
responsible gene in each cell.
 When 2 carriers of an autosomal recessive condition have children, each child has a:
25% (1 in 4) chance to be affected
50% (1 in 2) chance to be an unaffected carrier like each parent
25% chance to be unaffected and not be a carrier.

38. Diagnosis:
 A diagnosis of fish-eye disease is first suspected based on the
presence of characteristic signs and symptoms.
This testing may include:
 Genetic testing to identify two mutations in the LCAT gene.
 Testing that analyzes the function of the enzyme encoded by
the LCAT gene.
 Specialized urine and blood tests.

39. Treatment:
 Affected people will generally be followed by an ophthalmologist to
monitor and treat worsening visual impairment.
 In severe cases, corneal transplantation may be recommended.
 Researchers are currently studying other potential therapies.
For example, one recent study suggested that statins(cholesterol-reducing
medications) could be prescribed in people affected by fish-eye disease to
reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.