The document discusses different types of variation in English, including regional dialects, social variations, and national standards. It notes that regional dialects depend on where people live, social variations depend on social groups and education levels, and national standards of English include British, American, and other country-specific variations with some differences in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Standard English aims for uniformity but still varies based on factors like medium, attitude, and situation.

1. Varieties of English Gabriel Fernando Jara Muñoz CHAPTER 1 SECTION 2

3. Regional Varieties DIEALECTS A variety of a language used by a certain group of people, usually Because of regional differences. English Variation 2 English Variation 1 <<Geographical Dispersion >>

5. Standard English Uniformity Linguistic organization Spelling & Punctuation British English American English Spread of Identical Material Grammar & Vocabulary one type of with two subsystems one strong type of non material culture Increasing impact of closer world communication which seems to be because of the type of organization Neutral, formal styles of writing

6. National Standards of English British & American English Other National Standards predominant Grammatical differences Lexical Differences thousands book per year spread institutionalizing & establishing are considered varieties of English because are because of the by which helps to the have slight Neutralized Mass Communication they can be through English as a Second language Emerging Standards It has adopted quite number of words from indigenous Maoris New Zeland E The increase in wealth , population and world affairs Australian E Differences in vocabulary have been developed for the influence of the Afrikaans South African E The assertion of an independent national identity Canadian E Educational & broadcasting systems Irish E ‘ lallans Scots’ lexical, grammatical, phonological, orthographical differences Scot E

8. Acceptability and Frequency Common core shared in AmE and BrE Common Features Unmarked Neutral Medium/ Attitude Marked Exclusively Features No-neutral Medium/ Attitude Written/ Spoken Formal/ Informal speaker/writer hearer/reader such as such as some are can be depending on the Grammar Marginal Central can be Morphology Syntax acceptable unacceptable can be