This document discusses valve basics and automation. It defines a valve as a flow interrupting mechanical device with an inlet, outlet, and working element. The working element can be rotary, like a ball or disc, or linear. Valve size, design, application pressure, media, flow rate, and speed of operation all affect torque requirements. Automating valves with actuators increases power, reduces costs, improves safety, and allows remote operation. Actuators power the movement of a valve's closure element.
A solenoid valve is an electrically controlled valve that uses a solenoid to regulate air movement. It contains a magnetic coil, valve stem, valve sheet, inlet, outlet, plunger and breakaway pin. Solenoid valves are used to control hydraulic systems and mix or distribute air in applications like RO purifiers and dust collectors.
This document discusses control valves, including their applications in flow, level, pressure, and temperature control. It defines control valves as valves that are remotely controlled to maintain parameters like flow rate, level, pressure, and temperature. The document then covers classifications of control valves based on actuator and valve action. It also discusses components like the valve body and actuator. Characteristics, plugs, cages, and typical valve types are described. Failure modes and valve leakage classes are defined.
Valves are mechanical devices that control the flow and pressure within a system. They have common parts like a body, bonnet, trim, disc, seats, and stem. Valves come in different types defined by their motion (linear or rotary) and function (starting/stopping flow, throttling, or preventing backflow). Proper selection and maintenance of valves is important for system performance and reliability. Valve maintenance includes cleaning, inspection, and scheduled repairs or replacement of worn parts.
Babic components of hydraulic & pneumatic systemswakurets_21
The document discusses the basic components and applications of hydraulic and pneumatic systems. It describes the main types of hydraulic and pneumatic actuators including linear actuators like cylinders, and rotary actuators like motors. It also explains the different types of valves used in hydraulic and pneumatic circuits including directional control valves, flow control valves, and pressure control valves. The purpose and basic operation of common valve types are provided like poppet valves, spool valves, needle valves, check valves, and relief valves.
There are four basic types of flow control elements employed in valve design:
1. Move a disc, or plug into or against an orifice.
2. Slide a flat, cylindrical, or spherical surface across an orifice.
3. Rotate a disc or ellipse about a shaft extending across the diameter of an orifice.
4. Move a flexible material into the flow passage.
Gate valves use the second type of flow control by sliding a flat disk across an orifice to start and stop flow but not regulate it. Common valve parts include the body, bonnet, trim (disk, seat, stem), actuator, and packing. The type of valve chosen
The document provides an overview of industrial hydraulics, including:
- The definition and etymology of hydraulics.
- Examples of hydraulics in everyday life and basic hydraulic systems like hydraulic jacks.
- Key figures in the development of hydraulics like Joseph Bramah.
- Fundamental hydraulic principles like Pascal's law.
- Components of hydraulic systems like pumps, valves, actuators, and fluid conditioning elements.
- Types of hydraulic pumps, cylinders, motors, and directional control valves.
Valves are used in piping systems to control flow, pressure, and direction of fluids. The main types of valves are isolation valves, control valves, check valves, pressure regulation valves, and safety valves. Isolation valves open and close to allow or block flow, control valves regulate flow, check valves allow flow in one direction, pressure regulation valves maintain a set pressure, and safety valves relieve excess pressure. Valve selection depends on the application and factors like flow characteristics, operating pressures and temperatures.
Valves have different types and functions depending on the type of service. The main types are on-off valves like gate valves, plug valves, and ball valves which are used to start and stop flow. Throttling or regulating valves like globe valves and butterfly valves are used to control the flow rate. Check valves prevent backflow and include swing check valves, lift check valves, and ball check valves. Pressure relief valves like safety valves and relief valves are used to release excess pressure to protect systems. Control valves combined with actuators, controllers and sensors are used for automatic pressure control.
A solenoid valve is an electrically controlled valve that uses a solenoid to regulate air movement. It contains a magnetic coil, valve stem, valve sheet, inlet, outlet, plunger and breakaway pin. Solenoid valves are used to control hydraulic systems and mix or distribute air in applications like RO purifiers and dust collectors.
This document discusses control valves, including their applications in flow, level, pressure, and temperature control. It defines control valves as valves that are remotely controlled to maintain parameters like flow rate, level, pressure, and temperature. The document then covers classifications of control valves based on actuator and valve action. It also discusses components like the valve body and actuator. Characteristics, plugs, cages, and typical valve types are described. Failure modes and valve leakage classes are defined.
Valves are mechanical devices that control the flow and pressure within a system. They have common parts like a body, bonnet, trim, disc, seats, and stem. Valves come in different types defined by their motion (linear or rotary) and function (starting/stopping flow, throttling, or preventing backflow). Proper selection and maintenance of valves is important for system performance and reliability. Valve maintenance includes cleaning, inspection, and scheduled repairs or replacement of worn parts.
Babic components of hydraulic & pneumatic systemswakurets_21
The document discusses the basic components and applications of hydraulic and pneumatic systems. It describes the main types of hydraulic and pneumatic actuators including linear actuators like cylinders, and rotary actuators like motors. It also explains the different types of valves used in hydraulic and pneumatic circuits including directional control valves, flow control valves, and pressure control valves. The purpose and basic operation of common valve types are provided like poppet valves, spool valves, needle valves, check valves, and relief valves.
There are four basic types of flow control elements employed in valve design:
1. Move a disc, or plug into or against an orifice.
2. Slide a flat, cylindrical, or spherical surface across an orifice.
3. Rotate a disc or ellipse about a shaft extending across the diameter of an orifice.
4. Move a flexible material into the flow passage.
Gate valves use the second type of flow control by sliding a flat disk across an orifice to start and stop flow but not regulate it. Common valve parts include the body, bonnet, trim (disk, seat, stem), actuator, and packing. The type of valve chosen
The document provides an overview of industrial hydraulics, including:
- The definition and etymology of hydraulics.
- Examples of hydraulics in everyday life and basic hydraulic systems like hydraulic jacks.
- Key figures in the development of hydraulics like Joseph Bramah.
- Fundamental hydraulic principles like Pascal's law.
- Components of hydraulic systems like pumps, valves, actuators, and fluid conditioning elements.
- Types of hydraulic pumps, cylinders, motors, and directional control valves.
Valves are used in piping systems to control flow, pressure, and direction of fluids. The main types of valves are isolation valves, control valves, check valves, pressure regulation valves, and safety valves. Isolation valves open and close to allow or block flow, control valves regulate flow, check valves allow flow in one direction, pressure regulation valves maintain a set pressure, and safety valves relieve excess pressure. Valve selection depends on the application and factors like flow characteristics, operating pressures and temperatures.
Valves have different types and functions depending on the type of service. The main types are on-off valves like gate valves, plug valves, and ball valves which are used to start and stop flow. Throttling or regulating valves like globe valves and butterfly valves are used to control the flow rate. Check valves prevent backflow and include swing check valves, lift check valves, and ball check valves. Pressure relief valves like safety valves and relief valves are used to release excess pressure to protect systems. Control valves combined with actuators, controllers and sensors are used for automatic pressure control.
This document discusses the selection and use of valves for liquid piping systems. It describes the key parameters to consider when selecting a valve, including size, material, pressure and temperature ratings, and end connections. It also discusses additional parameters for control valves, such as the method of operation and flow characteristics. The document provides tables comparing various valve body materials, seat materials, packing types, and flow characteristics. It describes the purpose of different valve flow characteristics in matching the valve to the piping system application.
Control valves are devices used to modify fluid flow rates in process systems. There are two basic types - rotary motion valves with ball, butterfly, or plug closures, and linear motion valves with globe, diaphragm, or pinch closures. Common actuator types are pneumatic (piston or diaphragm actuators) and electric (VMD or modulating). Actuators position the valve closure based on a control signal to accurately control fluid flow.
Fundamental of Pipe / Pipeline used in Process Piping.Varun Patel
Learn about every aspect of pipe that used in process piping in Oil & Gas Industries. This small pipe handbook cum guide includes Fundamental of pipe, types of pipe, manufacturing, dimension, testing, hydro testing, inspection, and marking.
This document describes different types of valves and their functions, including:
- On-off valves like gate valves, plug valves, ball valves which are used to fully open or close flow.
- Throttling valves like globe valves and butterfly valves which are used to control the rate of flow.
- Check valves which allow flow in only one direction to prevent backflow.
- Pressure relief valves which open at a set pressure to relieve excess pressure and protect systems.
- Control valves and the components that are used in pneumatic pressure control systems.
Servo valves and proportional valves are types of directional control valves that can precisely control the amount and direction of fluid flow to actuators. Mechanical servo valves use a mechanical linkage to position a valve spool, while electro-hydraulic servo valves use an electric current. Proportional valves can assume intermediate positions between fully open and closed through variation of an electric current controlling a solenoid. Cartridge valves offer design flexibility and performance advantages over conventional sliding spool valves by providing directional flow and pressure control through poppet-style inserts.
Terminology, Control Valve Basic Designs, Characterization and Trim Design, Control Valve Technical Considerations, Force-Balance Principle, Actuator Basic Designs, Control Valve Unit Action, Actuator Benchset Range, Valve Positioner Basics, Control Loop Action, Control Valve Packing Designs, Seat Leakage
Valves are devices that regulate the flow of fluids by opening, closing, or partially obstructing passageways. They perform functions like starting and stopping flow, varying the flow amount, and controlling flow direction. Valves are classified based on their mechanical motion as either linear motion valves where the closure member moves in a straight line, or rotary motion valves where the closure member moves in an angular or circular path. Basic valve parts include the body, bonnet, trim (internal elements), actuator, and packing. Common valve types include gate valves, globe valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, plug valves, diaphragm valves, and angle valves. Each type has distinct characteristics regarding flow control, maintenance requirements, and applications.
This document provides information on different types of valves used in industrial processes. It defines what a valve is and discusses the importance of valve selection for plant economics and operations. It then classifies and describes common types of valves such as gate valves, ball valves, plug valves, butterfly valves, globe valves, check valves, and diaphragm valves. It also covers valve components, materials of construction, end connections, operators, and control valves. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of valves, their functions, classifications and key design aspects.
- Pneumatics uses compressed air to power machines and devices. It describes basic principles like pressure, measurements, and gas laws.
- Compressed air is produced by compressors and stored in receivers with air dryers removing moisture. It is distributed through piping.
- Common pneumatic components are valves, cylinders, filters, regulators, lubricators and other devices. Circuits use these components to control machine operations.
- Symbols are used on drawings to represent pneumatic components and their functions in circuits. Valves direct air flow, cylinders provide linear motion, and other components condition and control the air.
The document discusses electro-hydraulic circuits and components. It describes how signal input can be manual, mechanical, or electronic and then processed hydraulically or electrically. It outlines the main components of hydraulic systems like directional control valves and solenoid valves. Solenoid valves are described as electromechanically operated valves that use electrical current to switch fluid flow. Electrical control of circuits is also covered including relays, switches, and logic functions. Sensors like limit switches and proximity sensors are explained for use in hydraulic systems.
Hydraulic Valves and Hydraulic System AccessoriesRAHUL THAKER
Hydraulic Valves and Hydraulic System Accessories:
Direction control valves,Pressure control valves, Flow control valves, Non-return valves, Reservoirs,Accumulators, Heating & cooling devices, Hoses. Selection of valves for circuits.
This document provides an overview of control valves, including applicable standards, types of control valves, leakage classes, characteristics, selection criteria, and noise and cavitation controls. It discusses control valve fundamentals like flow characterization using different cage designs, cavitation and flashing issues, and remedies. The document also summarizes Reliance Petroleum's control valve selection process and installed base of control valves from manufacturers like Fisher, ABB, and CCI.
This document contains drawings for an electrical cabinet including a single line diagram, component details, general arrangements, and bill of quantities. Key details include:
- Panel name is Panel No. 1, type is Motor Control Center, with 500A incomer and 415V power/240V control voltage.
- Drawings include details for 6 feeders ranging from 5KW to 63A, using DOL and star-delta motor connections.
- Components shown include contactors, overload relays, push buttons, indicating lights and current transformers.
Directional control valves (DCVs) determine the path of fluid flow in hydraulic systems. There are several types of DCVs classified by fluid path, design characteristics, control method, and construction of internal moving parts. DCVs include check valves, shuttle valves, two-way valves, three-way valves, and four-way valves. DCVs can be actuated manually, mechanically, with a solenoid, or with a pilot signal. The simplest DCV is a check valve, which allows uni-directional flow. A poppet check valve uses a spring-loaded poppet to control flow direction, while a pilot-operated check valve uses a pilot signal to control flow in the
This document describes different types of valves and their functions, including:
- On-off valves like gate valves, plug valves, ball valves which are used to fully open or close flow.
- Throttling valves like globe valves and butterfly valves which are used to control the rate of flow.
- Check valves which allow flow in only one direction to prevent backflow.
- Pressure relief valves which open at a set pressure to release excess pressure and protect systems.
- Control valves and the components that are used in pneumatic pressure control systems.
Valves are mechanical devices that help in the regulation and control of pressure or fluid by either closing or opening the flow direction of the fluid or pressure. Valves operate in different positions. Valves have found their importance in different industries and applications.
There are many different types of valves that are found in different industries.
More applications You can see on our social networks:
Fair automation virtual expo booth from industrial automation on LinkedIn:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/www-fairautomation-com?trk=tyah&trkInfo=tarId%3A1396344582711%2Ctas%3Afairautomation%2Cidx%3A1-1-1
Our virtual expo onGoogle Plus:
https://plus.google.com/+Fairautomation
Latest Tweets form industrial automation:
https://twitter.com/Fairautomation
Industrial pictures onPenterest:
https://www.pinterest.com/fairautomation/
Facebook industrial automation news:
https://www.facebook.com/fairautomation?fref=ts
This document discusses control valves, including their classification, basic parts, types, and how they work. Control valves can regulate fluid flow and control process variables under controller commands. There are two main types: linear and rotary. The basic parts include a valve body, bonnet, plug, trim, and actuator. Actuators are either pneumatic or electric and convert control signals into valve stem movement. Positioners translate control signals into standardized signals for the actuator. Trim parts like the stem, seat and plug are exposed to the process flow.
Setpoint Integrated Solutions is an industry leader in applying Control Valve solutions across industry segments.
Brannon Gant - Regional Sales Manager
Control valves are used to control conditions like flow, pressure, and temperature by opening or closing in response to signals from controllers comparing a setpoint to a process variable measured by sensors. Control valves are usually operated automatically by electric, pneumatic or hydraulic actuators positioned based on control signals. Common types of control valves include ball, butterfly, gate, and globe valves, which have different applications depending on their design and operation.
Basic Of Control Valve!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.pptxabhimanyuhbtiwala
Control valves are used to control the flow rate of fluids through pipes in industrial processes. They have a valve body and actuator. Common types of actuators include diaphragm, piston, and rack & pinion actuators. Accessories like positioners are used to control the valve position based on a process variable signal. Positioners work on a force balance principle and are available in single or double acting models to match the valve. They precisely position the valve stem to balance the process variable and control loop setpoint.
Valves are devices that control the flow of media through pipes by opening, closing, or modifying passages. Valve selection is important for plant economics and operation as valve costs can be 20-30% of total piping costs. Valves are classified based on their function, construction material, end connections, and operators. Common types include gate, globe, ball, butterfly, and plug valves. The basic parts of a valve include the body, bonnet, stem, disc, seat, and port. Proper selection depends on the application and considers factors like pressure, temperature, and media.
This document discusses the selection and use of valves for liquid piping systems. It describes the key parameters to consider when selecting a valve, including size, material, pressure and temperature ratings, and end connections. It also discusses additional parameters for control valves, such as the method of operation and flow characteristics. The document provides tables comparing various valve body materials, seat materials, packing types, and flow characteristics. It describes the purpose of different valve flow characteristics in matching the valve to the piping system application.
Control valves are devices used to modify fluid flow rates in process systems. There are two basic types - rotary motion valves with ball, butterfly, or plug closures, and linear motion valves with globe, diaphragm, or pinch closures. Common actuator types are pneumatic (piston or diaphragm actuators) and electric (VMD or modulating). Actuators position the valve closure based on a control signal to accurately control fluid flow.
Fundamental of Pipe / Pipeline used in Process Piping.Varun Patel
Learn about every aspect of pipe that used in process piping in Oil & Gas Industries. This small pipe handbook cum guide includes Fundamental of pipe, types of pipe, manufacturing, dimension, testing, hydro testing, inspection, and marking.
This document describes different types of valves and their functions, including:
- On-off valves like gate valves, plug valves, ball valves which are used to fully open or close flow.
- Throttling valves like globe valves and butterfly valves which are used to control the rate of flow.
- Check valves which allow flow in only one direction to prevent backflow.
- Pressure relief valves which open at a set pressure to relieve excess pressure and protect systems.
- Control valves and the components that are used in pneumatic pressure control systems.
Servo valves and proportional valves are types of directional control valves that can precisely control the amount and direction of fluid flow to actuators. Mechanical servo valves use a mechanical linkage to position a valve spool, while electro-hydraulic servo valves use an electric current. Proportional valves can assume intermediate positions between fully open and closed through variation of an electric current controlling a solenoid. Cartridge valves offer design flexibility and performance advantages over conventional sliding spool valves by providing directional flow and pressure control through poppet-style inserts.
Terminology, Control Valve Basic Designs, Characterization and Trim Design, Control Valve Technical Considerations, Force-Balance Principle, Actuator Basic Designs, Control Valve Unit Action, Actuator Benchset Range, Valve Positioner Basics, Control Loop Action, Control Valve Packing Designs, Seat Leakage
Valves are devices that regulate the flow of fluids by opening, closing, or partially obstructing passageways. They perform functions like starting and stopping flow, varying the flow amount, and controlling flow direction. Valves are classified based on their mechanical motion as either linear motion valves where the closure member moves in a straight line, or rotary motion valves where the closure member moves in an angular or circular path. Basic valve parts include the body, bonnet, trim (internal elements), actuator, and packing. Common valve types include gate valves, globe valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, plug valves, diaphragm valves, and angle valves. Each type has distinct characteristics regarding flow control, maintenance requirements, and applications.
This document provides information on different types of valves used in industrial processes. It defines what a valve is and discusses the importance of valve selection for plant economics and operations. It then classifies and describes common types of valves such as gate valves, ball valves, plug valves, butterfly valves, globe valves, check valves, and diaphragm valves. It also covers valve components, materials of construction, end connections, operators, and control valves. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of valves, their functions, classifications and key design aspects.
- Pneumatics uses compressed air to power machines and devices. It describes basic principles like pressure, measurements, and gas laws.
- Compressed air is produced by compressors and stored in receivers with air dryers removing moisture. It is distributed through piping.
- Common pneumatic components are valves, cylinders, filters, regulators, lubricators and other devices. Circuits use these components to control machine operations.
- Symbols are used on drawings to represent pneumatic components and their functions in circuits. Valves direct air flow, cylinders provide linear motion, and other components condition and control the air.
The document discusses electro-hydraulic circuits and components. It describes how signal input can be manual, mechanical, or electronic and then processed hydraulically or electrically. It outlines the main components of hydraulic systems like directional control valves and solenoid valves. Solenoid valves are described as electromechanically operated valves that use electrical current to switch fluid flow. Electrical control of circuits is also covered including relays, switches, and logic functions. Sensors like limit switches and proximity sensors are explained for use in hydraulic systems.
Hydraulic Valves and Hydraulic System AccessoriesRAHUL THAKER
Hydraulic Valves and Hydraulic System Accessories:
Direction control valves,Pressure control valves, Flow control valves, Non-return valves, Reservoirs,Accumulators, Heating & cooling devices, Hoses. Selection of valves for circuits.
This document provides an overview of control valves, including applicable standards, types of control valves, leakage classes, characteristics, selection criteria, and noise and cavitation controls. It discusses control valve fundamentals like flow characterization using different cage designs, cavitation and flashing issues, and remedies. The document also summarizes Reliance Petroleum's control valve selection process and installed base of control valves from manufacturers like Fisher, ABB, and CCI.
This document contains drawings for an electrical cabinet including a single line diagram, component details, general arrangements, and bill of quantities. Key details include:
- Panel name is Panel No. 1, type is Motor Control Center, with 500A incomer and 415V power/240V control voltage.
- Drawings include details for 6 feeders ranging from 5KW to 63A, using DOL and star-delta motor connections.
- Components shown include contactors, overload relays, push buttons, indicating lights and current transformers.
Directional control valves (DCVs) determine the path of fluid flow in hydraulic systems. There are several types of DCVs classified by fluid path, design characteristics, control method, and construction of internal moving parts. DCVs include check valves, shuttle valves, two-way valves, three-way valves, and four-way valves. DCVs can be actuated manually, mechanically, with a solenoid, or with a pilot signal. The simplest DCV is a check valve, which allows uni-directional flow. A poppet check valve uses a spring-loaded poppet to control flow direction, while a pilot-operated check valve uses a pilot signal to control flow in the
This document describes different types of valves and their functions, including:
- On-off valves like gate valves, plug valves, ball valves which are used to fully open or close flow.
- Throttling valves like globe valves and butterfly valves which are used to control the rate of flow.
- Check valves which allow flow in only one direction to prevent backflow.
- Pressure relief valves which open at a set pressure to release excess pressure and protect systems.
- Control valves and the components that are used in pneumatic pressure control systems.
Valves are mechanical devices that help in the regulation and control of pressure or fluid by either closing or opening the flow direction of the fluid or pressure. Valves operate in different positions. Valves have found their importance in different industries and applications.
There are many different types of valves that are found in different industries.
More applications You can see on our social networks:
Fair automation virtual expo booth from industrial automation on LinkedIn:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/www-fairautomation-com?trk=tyah&trkInfo=tarId%3A1396344582711%2Ctas%3Afairautomation%2Cidx%3A1-1-1
Our virtual expo onGoogle Plus:
https://plus.google.com/+Fairautomation
Latest Tweets form industrial automation:
https://twitter.com/Fairautomation
Industrial pictures onPenterest:
https://www.pinterest.com/fairautomation/
Facebook industrial automation news:
https://www.facebook.com/fairautomation?fref=ts
This document discusses control valves, including their classification, basic parts, types, and how they work. Control valves can regulate fluid flow and control process variables under controller commands. There are two main types: linear and rotary. The basic parts include a valve body, bonnet, plug, trim, and actuator. Actuators are either pneumatic or electric and convert control signals into valve stem movement. Positioners translate control signals into standardized signals for the actuator. Trim parts like the stem, seat and plug are exposed to the process flow.
Setpoint Integrated Solutions is an industry leader in applying Control Valve solutions across industry segments.
Brannon Gant - Regional Sales Manager
Control valves are used to control conditions like flow, pressure, and temperature by opening or closing in response to signals from controllers comparing a setpoint to a process variable measured by sensors. Control valves are usually operated automatically by electric, pneumatic or hydraulic actuators positioned based on control signals. Common types of control valves include ball, butterfly, gate, and globe valves, which have different applications depending on their design and operation.
Basic Of Control Valve!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.pptxabhimanyuhbtiwala
Control valves are used to control the flow rate of fluids through pipes in industrial processes. They have a valve body and actuator. Common types of actuators include diaphragm, piston, and rack & pinion actuators. Accessories like positioners are used to control the valve position based on a process variable signal. Positioners work on a force balance principle and are available in single or double acting models to match the valve. They precisely position the valve stem to balance the process variable and control loop setpoint.
Valves are devices that control the flow of media through pipes by opening, closing, or modifying passages. Valve selection is important for plant economics and operation as valve costs can be 20-30% of total piping costs. Valves are classified based on their function, construction material, end connections, and operators. Common types include gate, globe, ball, butterfly, and plug valves. The basic parts of a valve include the body, bonnet, stem, disc, seat, and port. Proper selection depends on the application and considers factors like pressure, temperature, and media.
Valves are devices that control the flow of media through pipes by opening, closing, or partially obstructing the passageway. Valve selection is important for plant economics and operation, as valve costs can be 20-30% of total piping costs and construction can vary costs 100%. Common types of valves include gate, ball, plug, butterfly, diaphragm, globe, and check valves. Valves have various components like bodies, bonnets, stems, discs, seats and ports and are classified based on their function, design, materials, and operators. Proper selection depends on factors like intended use, pressure, temperature, and media.
Valves are mechanical devices that regulate fluid flow by stopping, starting, throttling, and directing fluid movement. The main components of a valve include the body, bonnet, stem, disc, seat, and actuator. Valves are classified by their function as on/off, regulating, or protective. Common industrial valves include ball, gate, globe, butterfly, check, and diaphragm valves. Selection depends on the fluid, pressure, temperature, flow characteristics, and other criteria. Valve standards are set by organizations like API, ASME, and ANSI.
3800 series -prv-installation-and-maint-instructions_-802_t_-r2roberto de la cruz
The document provides maintenance instructions for Farris Series 3800 pilot-operated safety relief valves. It includes bills of materials and step-by-step instructions for disassembling, cleaning, repairing, and reassembling the main valve and two types of pilot controls (snap-acting and modulating). The summary is as follows:
1) It outlines the contents and provides an introduction to the two main components - the pilot control and main valve.
2) Sections are dedicated to the maintenance of the main valve, snap-acting pilot control, and modulating pilot control. Bills of materials and detailed assembly/disassembly instructions are provided for each.
3) Final instructions cover reassembling the
In this day and age of automated computer control valve sizing, the logic and theories behind it are invisible. In his presentation, Al Holton of Allagash Valve & Controls will look at the basic principles that apply and how they affect the application and installation of a wide range of control valve types. He will also review the reasoning behind valve type selection.
Marck & Suzhik Valves", is engaged in the business of manufacturing and supplying a wide range of Industrial Equipment. Our offered range of industrial equipment consist of Industrial Valves, Valve Automation and Manual Valves.
Centrifugal Pumps and Compressor.pdf [Autosaved].pptxFahadReda2
Centrifugal pumps and compressors are commonly used in plant machinery. Maintenance practices for these include developing work orders, planning tasks, using permits for safety, and performing troubleshooting. Predictive maintenance techniques evaluate parameters like vibration, temperature, and particle analysis to detect potential failures before they occur. Both open-loop and closed-loop control systems are used to regulate plant equipment, with closed-loop providing more accurate control through feedback mechanisms.
This document provides information about different types of valves, their components, and testing procedures. It discusses the main types of valves including gate valves, globe valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, and check valves. For each type it provides details on their design, advantages, and disadvantages. It also covers common valve components, connections, materials, and how to read a trim chart. Finally, it describes the various testing methods for valves outlined in API 598 including shell tests, backseat tests, and high and low pressure closure tests. It provides guidelines for test pressures, fluids, durations, and acceptable leakage rates.
This document provides an overview of hydraulic cylinders, including their types, construction, operation, ratings, formulas for application, features, and installation/troubleshooting. It describes the main types of cylinders like ram, single acting, telescopic, spring return, and double acting cylinders. It also discusses cylinder construction, actuation, mounting, ratings based on size and pressure, formulas to calculate speed, flow, force and pressure. Key features like seals, cushions, ports and limit switches are explained. Guidelines for cylinder selection, installation and troubleshooting are provided.
- Control valves are variable orifices used to regulate fluid flow according to process requirements.
- Common control valve types include ball, globe, butterfly, gate, plug, and needle valves.
- Control valve components include the valve body, bonnet, stem, plug or disc, seats, and trim.
- Common control valve actuators are pneumatic, electric, and hydraulic actuators. Accessories include solenoid valves, pressure regulators, and positioners.
- Problems that can impact control valves include cavitation and flashing, which can cause erosion damage within the valve.
The document discusses fundamentals of valves including:
1. Definitions of valves and their basic functions of regulating fluid flow.
2. Common classifications of valves based on their motion types like linear, rotary, and quarter turn.
3. Explanations of common valve types like gate valves, globe valves, ball valves and their basic designs and purposes.
Artificial Lift Products from Evolution Oil ToolsGeoffrey Brennan
In the US, 96 percent of oil and gas wells require artificial lift when they are established. Worldwide only about 5% of today’s wells have enough natural lift to be profitable. Artificial lift refers to the process by which internal pressure of an oil reservoir is raised in order to drive oil to the surface. This system increases the productivity of the well.
Evolution Oil Tools has a complete selection of Artificial Lift Tools and accessories to meet your needs.
An actuator is a device that converts energy into motion. Common types of actuators include pneumatic cylinders powered by compressed air and hydraulic cylinders powered by pressurized fluids. Actuators can produce either linear motion in a straight line or rotational motion. Examples of linear actuators are pneumatic cylinders, hydraulic cylinders, screw jacks, and ball screws. Rotary actuators include hydraulic motors. Actuators are widely used in manufacturing applications to move or position components. Common applications include robots, valves, pumps, and switches.
This document provides a summary of key electrical components for a track-type tractor, including their schematic symbol locations and physical machine locations. Over 50 components are listed, such as the alternator, batteries, sensors, solenoids, lamps, and controls. The components are organized in a table with their schematic symbol and corresponding machine location.
This document summarizes a seminar on functional safety and validation of fluid power systems. It discusses pneumatic lockout requirements according to ISO 14118 and best practices. Examples are provided of safety exhaust functions for transfer presses and cylinder stop functions. Solutions for improving functional safety categories through redundancy, monitoring, and safe exhaust are explored.
The document provides definitions and descriptions of key components and concepts related to control valves. It discusses:
- What a control valve is and its main components like the valve body, trim, actuator, and accessories.
- Definitions of terms like bonnet, seat, cage, port, packing, and their functions.
- The inherent flow characteristics of control valves like linear, equal percentage, and quick opening.
- Additional concepts covered include vena contracta, cavitation, flashing, and noise in control valves. Diagrams are provided to illustrate cage shapes, plug shapes, and characterized cages for globe-style valves.
How to Select the Right Valve for your ApplicationUBMCanon
This document discusses the many factors that must be considered when selecting a slide gate or diverter valve for handling dry bulk materials. It emphasizes that applications have unique requirements and that both under- and over-specifying a valve can cause problems. The document then outlines sections addressing valve selection, actuator selection, standard modifications, valve location/orientation, and accessory selection to ensure the right valve is chosen.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
1. Valve Basics & Automation,
Valve Basics & Automation,
M t A 25 2008
M t A 25 2008
Mustang Aug. 25, 2008
Mustang Aug. 25, 2008
Tom Jeansonne
Tom Jeansonne
Emerson, Valve Automation
S i R i l S l M
Senior Regional Sales Manager
2. What is a Valve?
What is a Valve?
What is a Valve?
What is a Valve?
In order to better understand how basic
In order to better understand how basic
types of actuators are selected, it might be
best to have a quick review of the basic
best to have a quick review of the basic
types and functional requirements of typical
valves.
3. What is a Valve?
What is a Valve?
What is a Valve?
What is a Valve?
A Valve is a flow interrupting mechanical
A Valve is a flow interrupting mechanical
device, utilizing a body or housing and
having a working element It has at least
having a working element. It has at least
one inlet and outlet, and is intended to shut
off or control the flow of a given media.
g
4. Terminology
Terminology -
- “Working Element” or “Element”
“Working Element” or “Element”
Terminology
Terminology -
- “Working Element” or “Element”
“Working Element” or “Element”
The DISC in A
Butterfly valve
BALL i
or a BALL in a
ball valve
That part of a valve which acts directly
i th fl t t l th fl
in the flow, to control the flow.
5. Two Major Groups of Valve Element
Two Major Groups of Valve Element
Movement
Movement
Two Major Groups of Valve Element
Two Major Groups of Valve Element
Movement
Movement
7. Linear Types...
Linear Types...
Linear Types...
Linear Types...
Linear Types...
Linear Types...
Linear Types...
Linear Types...
Non – Rotating
Rotating
8. Terminology
Terminology -
- THRUST and TORQUE
THRUST and TORQUE
Terminology
Terminology -
- THRUST and TORQUE
THRUST and TORQUE
Terminology
Terminology THRUST and TORQUE
THRUST and TORQUE
Terminology
Terminology THRUST and TORQUE
THRUST and TORQUE
Typically, our industry describes
linear force as “thrust” and
rotary force as “torque ”
rotary force as torque.
9. Basic Types of Linear Valves That Require
Basic Types of Linear Valves That Require
Thrust
Thrust
Basic Types of Linear Valves That Require
Basic Types of Linear Valves That Require
Thrust
Thrust
API 6D Gate
API 6D Gate
Valve
Valve
Globe or
Globe or
Diaphragm Valve
Diaphragm Valve
Gate Valve
Gate Valve
Valve
Valve Diaphragm Valve
Diaphragm Valve
10. Basic Types of ¼ or Part Turn Valves That
Basic Types of ¼ or Part Turn Valves That
Require Torque
Require Torque
Basic Types of ¼ or Part Turn Valves That
Basic Types of ¼ or Part Turn Valves That
Require Torque
Require Torque
Ball
Ball Plug
Plug Butterfly
Butterfly
16. Factors Affecting Valve Requirements
Factors Affecting Valve Requirements
Factors Affecting Valve Requirements
Factors Affecting Valve Requirements
Valve flow bore size Speed of operation
Valve design
Stem size and/or design
ESD applications
Valve condition/alignment
Working pressures
Media characteristics
Position of valve/damper
Dual purpose applications
Media characteristics
Temperature
Fl t /di ti ( )
Dual purpose applications
Media build-up
D d ti / l t
Flow rate/direction(s) Dead time / cycle rate
17. Valve Size Factor:
Valve Size Factor:
Valve Size Factor:
Valve Size Factor:
Valve Size Factor:
Valve Size Factor:
Valve Size Factor:
Valve Size Factor:
Generally, the larger the
valve, the larger the element.
g
18. Valve Size Factor:
Valve Size Factor:
Valve Size Factor:
Valve Size Factor:
Reduced Port
Ball bore is
smaller than
smaller than
flange bore
S f
Surface
contact
i
area is
smaller
th f ll
than a full
bore
19. Valve Design or Type
Valve Design or Type
Valve Design or Type
Valve Design or Type
The type of valve will usually
The type of valve will usually
determine what type motion
the stem requires to operate
the stem requires to operate
the working element.
20. Valve Design or Type
Valve Design or Type
Valve Design or Type
Valve Design or Type
Application vs. Design Pressures
Application Pressure:
– Pressure the valve will be
subjected to in real-world
applications.
Design Pressure:
– Manufacturer’s Design Pressure
– Manufacturer s Design Pressure
(which should be greater or at least equal
to the application pressure)
to the application pressure)
25. Basic Types of Rotary Ball Valves...
Basic Types of Rotary Ball Valves...
Basic Types of Rotary Ball Valves...
Basic Types of Rotary Ball Valves...
Floating Ball Valve
Ball is free to move
Ball is free to move
downstream in
reaction to pressure
reaction to pressure
Pressure forces the
ball/element into the
downstream seat
27. Ball Valve
with Rotating Seats
Typical Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve
g
Break
Seat Rotation
e
sing
Torque
Increas
End
R t ti
0° 90°
Rotation
Close
0 90
Open
28. Butterfly Valve Torque
Dynamic Flow
Typical HP B’fly Valve in Modulating Service
y
B k
Run
sitive
easing
Break
Torque
Pos
Incre
g
End
T
Negative
Decreasing
0° 90°
D
Close
0° 90°
Open
29. Typical Straight Plug Valve
Break
itive
asing
End
Run
orque
Pos
Incre
End
To
Negative
ecreasing
N
De
Close
0° 90°
Open
Rotation
32. Flow Rate, Direction
Flow Rate, Direction -
- Concerns / Effects
Concerns / Effects
Flow Rate, Direction
Flow Rate, Direction -
- Concerns / Effects
Concerns / Effects
Bi-directional, Unidirectional, balanced
element or perhaps a triple offset ?
element or perhaps a triple offset ?
33. Flow Rate, Direction
Flow Rate, Direction -
- Concerns / Effects
Concerns / Effects
Flow Rate, Direction
Flow Rate, Direction -
- Concerns / Effects
Concerns / Effects
There's torque seated b’fly valves too!
34. Speed of Operation
Speed of Operation -
- Concerns / Effects
Concerns / Effects
Speed of Operation
Speed of Operation -
- Concerns / Effects
Concerns / Effects
Pneumatic / Hydraulic
The output torque or thrust of a
pneumatic or hydraulic actuator is
not directly affected by speed of
operation.
35. Speed of Operation
Speed of Operation -
- Concerns / Effects
Concerns / Effects
Speed of Operation
Speed of Operation -
- Concerns / Effects
Concerns / Effects
Electric
Both Quarter–turn and Multi-turn
electric actuator outputs may be
affected by the speed of operation.
36. Dead Time (lack of movement)
Dead Time (lack of movement)
Dead Time (lack of movement)
Dead Time (lack of movement)
The length of time a valve and its
actuator remains stationary
actuator remains stationary.
37. Summary as concerns actuator automation affects
Summary as concerns actuator automation affects
Summary as concerns actuator automation affects
Summary as concerns actuator automation affects
Remember, the more information
h d d t d b t
you have and understand about
your application, the more likely the
most efficient actuator is selected.
39. Definition
Definition -
- Actuator
Actuator
Definition
Definition -
- Actuator
Actuator
Definition
Definition Actuator
Actuator
Definition
Definition Actuator
Actuator
An Actuator is a device
designed to power- operate
the closure element of a valve.
the closure element of a valve.
40. Increased Power (Torque or Thrust)
Increased Power (Torque or Thrust)
Increased Power (Torque or Thrust)
Increased Power (Torque or Thrust)
Increased Power (Torque or Thrust)
Increased Power (Torque or Thrust)
Increased Power (Torque or Thrust)
Increased Power (Torque or Thrust)
Pi t C t f VMA
Picture Courtesy of VMA
41. Reduced Costs
Reduced Costs
Reduced Costs
Reduced Costs
Reduced Costs
Reduced Costs
Reduced Costs
Reduced Costs
Pi t C t f VMA
Picture Courtesy of VMA
42. Greater Safety
Greater Safety
Greater Safety
Greater Safety
Greater Safety
Greater Safety
Greater Safety
Greater Safety
Pi t C t f VMA
Picture Courtesy of VMA
43. Remote Operation
Remote Operation
Remote Operation
Remote Operation
Remote Operation
Remote Operation
Remote Operation
Remote Operation
Pi t C t f VMA
Picture Courtesy of VMA
44. Summary, Why Automate?
Summary, Why Automate?
Summary, Why Automate?
Summary, Why Automate?
Increased Power
Summary, Why Automate?
Summary, Why Automate?
Summary, Why Automate?
Summary, Why Automate?
Increased Power
Reduced Costs
Greater Safety
Remote Operation
Remote Operation
G l O ll I d S f t
General Overall Improved Safety,
Service and Efficiency
45. The Part Turn (1/4) Actuator Product
The Part Turn (1/4) Actuator Product
The Part Turn (1/4) Actuator Product
The Part Turn (1/4) Actuator Product
Torque = What you specify and what you
The Part Turn (1/4) Actuator Product
The Part Turn (1/4) Actuator Product
The Part Turn (1/4) Actuator Product
The Part Turn (1/4) Actuator Product
Torque = What you specify and what you
pay for.
B t i t t h t f d
Be certain to get what you pay for and
but do not go overboard (could be
more dangerous)
more dangerous).
Control = An actuator is like a car
Control = An actuator is like a car,
torque/horsepower are great, but you
must be able to control that torque.
must be able to control that torque.
49. Force . .Piston or Diaphragm
Force . .Piston or Diaphragm
Force . .Piston or Diaphragm
Force . .Piston or Diaphragm
P
I
S
u
A Force
Force . .Piston or Diaphragm
Force . .Piston or Diaphragm
Force . .Piston or Diaphragm
Force . .Piston or Diaphragm
I
s
t
o
r
f
a
c
A
r
e
a
Force
Operating
Pressure
ne
F P A
F = P x A
Where:
F = Force in Lbs
F Force in Lbs.
P = Operating Pressure in lbs. per square inch
A = Area of Piston in square inches
51. Force to Torque Calculation
Force to Torque Calculation
Force to Torque Calculation
Force to Torque Calculation
(in-lb)?
(in lb)?
Torque = Force x Radius (or moment arm)
T (in-lb) = F (lb) x (in)
52. Cylinder or Diaphragm & Crank Arm
Cylinder or Diaphragm & Crank Arm
Cylinder or Diaphragm & Crank Arm
Cylinder or Diaphragm & Crank Arm
A x P = Force
Operating
Pressure,
+
Pneumatic or
Hydraulic
Moment Arm,
I h
+
Inches
T F R di ( t )
Torque = Force x Radius (or moment arm)
T (in-lb) = F (lb) x (in)
53. The Robotarm® Story
The Robotarm® Story
The Robotarm Story
The Robotarm Story
The torque output from a crank arm mechanism plotted
against the torque requirement of most rotary valves can be
t d hi ll th
represented graphically thus:
54. Scotch Yoke Torque Output
Scotch Yoke Torque Output
Scotch Yoke Torque Output
Scotch Yoke Torque Output
Rack & Pinion
q p
q p
q p
q p
MA
F
0° 90°
45°
F
0° 90°
45°
Min. MA
Max MA
55. Fluid/Gas Powered Actuators:
Fluid/Gas Powered Actuators:
Fluid/Gas Powered Actuators:
Fluid/Gas Powered Actuators:
Fluid/Gas Powered Actuators:
Fluid/Gas Powered Actuators:
Fluid/Gas Powered Actuators:
Fluid/Gas Powered Actuators:
MOMENT TORQUE
AREA x PRESSURE x
MOMENT
ARM
TORQUE
OUTPUT
=
61. Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Torque is generated by pressurizing one side of the
actuator’s piston. In this example the left hand side of the
piston is pressurized causing the rack to move to the right
piston is pressurized, causing the rack to move to the right
and the pinion to rotate in an anti-clockwise direction.
Pinion
Gear
Piston
Supply Pressure
Cylinder
Rack
Rack
62. Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Counter-clockwise and clockwise pinion rotation is
achieved by pressurizing either the inboard or
outboard sides of the pistons
outboard sides of the pistons.
Counter-Clockwise Clockwise
Supply Pressure
(A li d t O tb d Sid f Pi t )
Supply Pressure
(A li d t I b d Sid f Pi t )
Using two piston and racks also provides balanced forces on the
pinion and allows for maximum torque generation for a given
piston diameter.
(Applied to Outboard Side of Pistons) (Applied to Inboard Side of Pistons)
piston diameter.
63. Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Spring return actuators are used when a specific valve position
(known as the failure position) is required when the actuator
supply pressure or control signal is lost Failure positions can be
supply pressure or control signal is lost. Failure positions can be
achieve by simply rotating the racks 180º within the actuator’s
body.
Counter-Clockwise Spring Stroke
This rack configuration would cause the
actuator to fail the valve open (anti-
clockwise mounting code B) on loss of
clockwise, mounting code B) on loss of
the supply pressure
Clockwise Spring Stroke
R t ti th k 180º ld th
Rotating the racks 180º would cause the
actuator to now fail the valve closed
(clockwise, mounting code A) on loss of
the pressure
p
64. Rack & Pinion Torque Output
Rack & Pinion Torque Output
Rack & Pinion Torque Output
Rack & Pinion Torque Output
Rack & Pinion Torque Output
Rack & Pinion Torque Output
Rack & Pinion Torque Output
Rack & Pinion Torque Output
Torque is the multiplication of a linear force by the distance
of the force from the point of rotation (Moment Arm). E.G.
p ( )
Torque = Force x MA.
T = (P x A) x MA
Where: T = Torque
F = Force
P = Pressure
A = Piston Area
MA = Moment Arm
MA = Moment Arm
MA
F
65. Torque Output
Torque Output –
– Double
Double-
-Acting R & P
Acting R & P
Actuators
Actuators
Torque Output
Torque Output –
– Double
Double-
-Acting R & P
Acting R & P
Actuators
Actuators
Actuators
Actuators
Actuators
Actuators
In a double-acting rack & pinion actuator, the torque output
remains constant throughout the actuator stroke since both
the forces generated by the pistons remain constant
the forces generated by the pistons remain constant
(assuming a constant supply pressure) and the MA (distance)
between the pistons forces and the pinion remains constant.
Torqu
u
e
Output
0º 45º 45º
90º 0º
Valve Opening Stroke Valve Closing Stroke
66. Torque
Torque
Torque
Torque
Torque
Torque
Torque
Torque
In a spring-return rack & pinion actuator, the
torque output varies throughout the valve stroke.
On the air stroke the torque starts high but
linearly decreases as more of the force
linearly decreases as more of the force
generated by the piston is used to compress the
springs (rather than rotate the pinion).
On the spring stroke the torque starts high but
li l d th i t d (
linearly decreases as the springs extend (re:
Hooks Law) from their fully compressed
position.
68. Rack & Pinion,
Rack & Pinion,
Typical Materials Of Construction
Typical Materials Of Construction
Rack & Pinion,
Rack & Pinion,
Typical Materials Of Construction
Typical Materials Of Construction
Typical Materials Of Construction
Typical Materials Of Construction
Typical Materials Of Construction
Typical Materials Of Construction
Body, pistons and end caps = Aluminum, anodized or co-deposition coating
Pinion Gear = Aluminum or plated (zinc or ENP) carbon steel
Springs = Alloy steel (Coated)
Paint = Two part epoxy or anodized
Seals
– Nitrile for standard temperature, -20f to +250f, Best general purpose, good wearage
rate
– Low temp Nitrile, -40f to +180f, does not wear as long as above, not the best for
compression set resistance, use only when actual temperature requires
p , y p q
– Silicone for ultra low temp, -50/60/70 f to +125/150f consult factory, use only when
actual temperature requires, not long wearing, expensive and hard to get
– Viton for high temperature, -20f to +300/350f
– Carboxilated Nitrile, 20-40% more expensive than Nitrile but excellent service life for high
cycle applications
72. Scotch Yoke Torque Output
Scotch Yoke Torque Output
Scotch Yoke Torque Output
Scotch Yoke Torque Output
Rack & Pinion
q p
q p
q p
q p
MA
F
0° 90°
45°
F
0° 90°
45°
Min. MA
Max MA
73. The Robotarm® Story
The Robotarm® Story
The Robotarm Story
The Robotarm Story
The diagram illustrates that the moment arm varies
throughout the stroke. By geometric design, the moment arm
length at the start and end of the stroke can be found by
dividing the moment arm length at the center by the cosine of
dividing the moment arm length at the center by the cosine of
45 or .707. By performing this arithmetic, it will be found that
the moment arm at the start and end of travel is 1.414 times the
moment arm at the center position of travel
moment arm at the center position of travel.
78. Bettis BH Helical spline mechanism
Bettis BH Helical spline mechanism
Bettis BH Helical spline mechanism
Bettis BH Helical spline mechanism
Bettis BH Helical spline mechanism
Bettis BH Helical spline mechanism
Bettis BH Helical spline mechanism
Bettis BH Helical spline mechanism
•The BH piston utilizes multiple
h li l li hi h ith
helical splines which engage with
reciprocal splines in the actuator’s
lower housing.
•The splines minimize the surface
stresses so that wear and fatigue are
stresses so that wear and fatigue are
minimal.
All moving parts of the mechanism
•All moving parts of the mechanism
are permanently submerged in, and
lubricated by the operating fluid.
79. Products
Products –
– Hydraulic Helical Gear Actuators
Hydraulic Helical Gear Actuators
Products
Products –
– Hydraulic Helical Gear Actuators
Hydraulic Helical Gear Actuators
Products
Products Hydraulic Helical Gear Actuators
Hydraulic Helical Gear Actuators
Products
Products Hydraulic Helical Gear Actuators
Hydraulic Helical Gear Actuators
• turns 90º and is balanced
• fail-safe by means of
fail safe by means of
disc springs
• Linear torque output,
very similar to rack and
pinion
t d i
• compact design
80. Scotch Yoke & Helical Gear,
Scotch Yoke & Helical Gear,
Typical Materials Of Construction
Typical Materials Of Construction
Scotch Yoke & Helical Gear,
Scotch Yoke & Helical Gear,
Typical Materials Of Construction
Typical Materials Of Construction
Typical Materials Of Construction
Typical Materials Of Construction
Typical Materials Of Construction
Typical Materials Of Construction
Body, pistons, yoke and end caps = Cast Ductile Iron or Fabricated Steel
Plate
Springs = Alloy steel (Coated)
Springs = Alloy steel (Coated)
Paint = Primer is standard, many other paint systems available
Seals
Nitrile for standard temperature 20f to +250f Best general purpose good wearage
– Nitrile for standard temperature, -20f to +250f, Best general purpose, good wearage
rate
– Low temp Nitrile, -40f to +200f, does not wear as long as above, not the best for
compression set resistance, use only when actual temperature requires
– Viton for high temperature, -20f to +350f
– Carboxilated Nitrile, 20-40% more expensive than Nitrile but excellent service life
for high cycle applications
– Special seal materials available
Special seal materials available
81. The Robotarm® Story
The Robotarm® Story
The Robotarm Story
The Robotarm Story
Using the same piston area, operating pressure, moment
arm and assuming identical efficiencies, the torque outputs
g q p
from the three above-described mechanisms can be plotted
graphically thus:
82. OK, So when Do I Use Which?
OK, So when Do I Use Which?
OK, So when Do I Use Which?
OK, So when Do I Use Which?
OK, So when Do I Use Which?
OK, So when Do I Use Which?
OK, So when Do I Use Which?
OK, So when Do I Use Which?
The following are general guidelines, THERE ARE
MANY VARIABLES.
– USE RACK AND PINION WHEN
• Extreme cold AND CHARPY Requirements
Extreme cold AND CHARPY Requirements
• Weight is critical (Helical Gear)
• Unusual dimensional requirements (Helical Gear)
q ( )
• Constant torque output is an advantage (May
actually be cost driven between 25 – 7,500 LB./In.
83. OK, So when Do I Use Which?
OK, So when Do I Use Which?
OK, So when Do I Use Which?
OK, So when Do I Use Which?
OK, So when Do I Use Which?
OK, So when Do I Use Which?
OK, So when Do I Use Which?
OK, So when Do I Use Which?
The following are general guidelines, THERE ARE
MANY VARIABLES.
USE SCOTCH YOKE
USE SCOTCH YOKE
– Aluminum not desirable (Helical Gear)
– Weight is not critical
Unusual dimensional requirements (Helical Gear)
– Unusual dimensional requirements (Helical Gear)
– Variable torque output is an advantage (May be cost driven
between 3,000 – 25,000 and will be availability driven from
35,000 to 6,000,000+ LB./In.
– High Torque requirement
– High temperature requirement
– Remote overrides are required
– Very High stroke speeds are required (Helical Gear)
– Hydraulic or high pressure service (Helical Gear)
84. OK, So when Do I Use Which? RP VS. SY & HG
OK, So when Do I Use Which? RP VS. SY & HG
OK, So when Do I Use Which? RP VS. SY & HG
OK, So when Do I Use Which? RP VS. SY & HG
OK, So when Do I Use Which? RP VS. SY & HG
OK, So when Do I Use Which? RP VS. SY & HG
OK, So when Do I Use Which? RP VS. SY & HG
OK, So when Do I Use Which? RP VS. SY & HG
Common actuator DESIGN or APPLICATION
misconceptions
One mechanism has less backlash, hysteresis or dead band than the
other
One mechanism is best overall
One design typically out cycles/performs the other
Rack and pinions are a “better choice” for plug or metal seated ball
valves
valves
Scotch yokes are a “better choice” for ball and butterfly valves
Truth is, it all depends on your specific application. There
is no such thing as one design that is best for every
application.
86. Closed Loop Systems
Closed Loop Systems
There is an increase in the requirements for “fail
safe” - “spring return type” valve actuators.
p y
p y
p g yp
The applications are in areas of severe
environments.
High humidity
Salt air
Salt air
Corrosive dust, inks and dyes
Wash Downs
Wash Downs
Etc
87. Closed Loop Systems
Closed Loop Systems
The pumping action of spring return actuators
Closed Loop Systems
Closed Loop Systems
The pumping action of spring return actuators
causes the “vented” side of the pneumatic cylinder
to purge itself with each stroke.
p g
This purging action poses the problem of drawing in
contaminates that are potentially harmful to
cylinders, springs, and other internal components of
the actuator.
88. Closed Loop Systems
Closed Loop Systems
Closed Loop Systems
Closed Loop Systems
As the piston
travels the cylinder
travels the cylinder
volume is exhaled
and atmosphere
and atmosphere
inhaled (breathing).
89. Closed Loop Systems
Closed Loop Systems
The “closed loop purge system” presents a
relatively inexpensive, simple solution to the
j i f ll h li i
Closed Loop Systems
Closed Loop Systems
majority of all such applications.
The closed loop system routes the operating
di b i h t d f th id
media being exhausted from the power side
of the cylinder to the vented side of the
cylinder.
y
Maximum pressure on the vented side of the
power cylinder is to be 5 to 8 psig.
90. Closed Loop Systems
Closed Loop Systems
Materials for the vent check (relief) valve is
generally selected from aluminum, brass, or
Closed Loop Systems
Closed Loop Systems
g y
stainless steel to suit specific environmental
requirements
B i ll l i l l f h
Bettis generally selects stainless steel for the
components.
94. G Series and CBA Models on Main Discharge Valves
G Series and CBA Models on Main Discharge Valves
G Series and CBA Models on Main Discharge Valves
G Series and CBA Models on Main Discharge Valves
G Series and CBA Models on Main Discharge Valves
G Series and CBA Models on Main Discharge Valves
G Series and CBA Models on Main Discharge Valves
G Series and CBA Models on Main Discharge Valves
95. G Series Units on Field Gathering lines
G Series Units on Field Gathering lines
G Series Units on Field Gathering lines
G Series Units on Field Gathering lines
G Se es U ts o e d Gat e g es
G Se es U ts o e d Gat e g es
G Se es U ts o e d Gat e g es
G Se es U ts o e d Gat e g es
96. High Speed Spring Stroke Testing
High Speed Spring Stroke Testing (Note the vapor
(Note the vapor
cloud and ear muffs)
cloud and ear muffs)
High Speed Spring Stroke Testing
High Speed Spring Stroke Testing (Note the vapor
(Note the vapor
cloud and ear muffs)
cloud and ear muffs)
c oud a d ea u s)
c oud a d ea u s)
c oud a d ea u s)
c oud a d ea u s)
98. G130T52
G130T52–
–SR3 On 42” ANSI 1500# Torque Seated
SR3 On 42” ANSI 1500# Torque Seated
Butterfly Valves
Butterfly Valves
G130T52
G130T52–
–SR3 On 42” ANSI 1500# Torque Seated
SR3 On 42” ANSI 1500# Torque Seated
Butterfly Valves
Butterfly Valves
utte y a es
utte y a es
utte y a es
utte y a es
99. World’s Most Powerful Spring Return Actuator,
World’s Most Powerful Spring Return Actuator,
1.8 M Lb./In. Spring Ending with 3.2 M Air Start
1.8 M Lb./In. Spring Ending with 3.2 M Air Start
World’s Most Powerful Spring Return Actuator,
World’s Most Powerful Spring Return Actuator,
1.8 M Lb./In. Spring Ending with 3.2 M Air Start
1.8 M Lb./In. Spring Ending with 3.2 M Air Start
8 b / Sp g d g t 3 Sta t
8 b / Sp g d g t 3 Sta t
8 b / Sp g d g t 3 Sta t
8 b / Sp g d g t 3 Sta t
102. Headline Copy
Headline Copy
Headline Copy
Headline Copy
Headline Copy
Headline Copy
Headline Copy
Headline Copy
Body text
Body text
Body text
– Body text
103. Removing logo from slide
Removing logo from slide
Removing logo from slide
Removing logo from slide
Removing logo from slide
Removing logo from slide
Removing logo from slide
Removing logo from slide
It is recommended that the logo be removed from slides
when the information on a slide needs the maximum amount
f t b t d l d ith i
of space to be presented clean and with maximum
readability.
– You can do this by accessing the “Format” menu selection, scroll
y g
down and select “Background”, then click in the box next to the
statement, “Omit background graphics from master,” and select
“Apply”.
– You can reinstate the line under the title by drawing in a line using the
line tool and coloring it blue.
104. Color Palette
Color Palette
Color Palette
Color Palette
Color Palette
Color Palette
Color Palette
Color Palette
This slide represents the Emerson color palette
R 15
G 36
B 95
R 150
G 150
B 150
P f d di t
R 225
G 225
B 0
R 225
G 204
B 0
R 153
G 225
B 51
R 0
G 153
B 0
R 224
G 158
B 50
R 225
G 0
B 0
R 71
G 186
B 214
R 0
G 153
B 204
R 204
G 0
B 102
R 153
G 0
B 51
R 102
G 153
B 255
R 102
G 0
B 102
Preferred gradient use
105. The Emerson Color Palette
The Emerson Color Palette
The Emerson Color Palette
The Emerson Color Palette
The Emerson Color Palette
The Emerson Color Palette
The Emerson Color Palette
The Emerson Color Palette
The Emerson color palette was designed to bring color
consistency to various applications — from web design to
presentations to brochures It is strongly recommended that
presentations to brochures. It is strongly recommended that
the bright and vibrant colors in this palette be used in graphs,
text and charts to highlight your PowerPoint presentations,
thereby showcasing our “world in action.”
A selection of colors from the palette have been embedded
into this template for your use. In order to use the other colors
available to you from the palette, please use the following
instructions:
instructions:
– Select the word or graphic element you wish to color and select either
the “Paint can”, the “Brush”, or the “A”, depending on the item you are
coloring, choose “More (fill, line, font) colors”, click on the tab “Custom”
and enter the correct R G B numbers for the color from the palette on the
and enter the correct R G B numbers for the color from the palette on the
preceding slide you are creating, click OK.
106. Using the Emerson Color Palette
Using the Emerson Color Palette
Using the Emerson Color Palette
Using the Emerson Color Palette
Using the Emerson Color Palette
Using the Emerson Color Palette
Using the Emerson Color Palette
Using the Emerson Color Palette
The extended color palette brings bright, vibrant colors to
be used in many ways — from highlighting words to
ki iti h t d h
making exciting charts and graphs.
A selection of colors from the palette have been
imbedded into this template for your use. In order to use
imbedded into this template for your use. In order to use
the other colors available to you from the palette please
use the following instructions:
Select the word or graphic element you wish to color and select
– Select the word or graphic element you wish to color and select
either the “Paint can”, the “Brush”, or the “A”, depending on the
item you are coloring, choose “More (fill, line, font) colors”, click
on the tab “Custom” and enter the correct R G B numbers for the
color from the palette on the preceding slide you are creating,
click OK.