This document provides information about different types of valves, their components, and testing procedures. It discusses the main types of valves including gate valves, globe valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, and check valves. For each type it provides details on their design, advantages, and disadvantages. It also covers common valve components, connections, materials, and how to read a trim chart. Finally, it describes the various testing methods for valves outlined in API 598 including shell tests, backseat tests, and high and low pressure closure tests. It provides guidelines for test pressures, fluids, durations, and acceptable leakage rates.
Control Valves types, control valves characterstics, affects on control valves due to various process fluctuations or cavitations or flashing and remidies.The model datasheets also included.
This document contains tabulated information & guidelines for testing of valves in accordance with ASME B16.34 & MSS-SP-99. I have extracted each & every single detail from these standards. I have prepared this document basically for the testing of Instrument Valves having nominal size smaller than 1 Inch. But it can also be helpful for the testing of general purpose valves. It includes the testing requirements like test fluid, test conditions, test duration, test pressure, etc.
Reference Documents : ASME B16.34 (2013) Valves - Flanged, Threaded & Socket Welded , MSS-SP-99 (2010) Instrument Valves.
For any queries, please feel free to contact me on mistrynilesh@icloud.com
Design of hydraulic cylinder with Matlab code proper step by step.
we have made our design Matlab code so you can learn about cylinder design Matlab code.
attached file of NX design which our 3D design model
A Control Valve is the most commonly used
final control element used to regulate fluid flow in
a process. In a process, normally it is the only
controllable element residing in the loop.
Ø This is a device used to modulate flow of
process fluid in pipe lines by creating a variable
area in the flow path.
Ø The flow path is varied with respect to the
control signal received from the controller
towards the required flow modulation.
Valves are mechanical devices that help in the regulation and control of pressure or fluid by either closing or opening the flow direction of the fluid or pressure. Valves operate in different positions. Valves have found their importance in different industries and applications.
There are many different types of valves that are found in different industries.
More applications You can see on our social networks:
Fair automation virtual expo booth from industrial automation on LinkedIn:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/www-fairautomation-com?trk=tyah&trkInfo=tarId%3A1396344582711%2Ctas%3Afairautomation%2Cidx%3A1-1-1
Our virtual expo onGoogle Plus:
https://plus.google.com/+Fairautomation
Latest Tweets form industrial automation:
https://twitter.com/Fairautomation
Industrial pictures onPenterest:
https://www.pinterest.com/fairautomation/
Facebook industrial automation news:
https://www.facebook.com/fairautomation?fref=ts
Control Valves types, control valves characterstics, affects on control valves due to various process fluctuations or cavitations or flashing and remidies.The model datasheets also included.
This document contains tabulated information & guidelines for testing of valves in accordance with ASME B16.34 & MSS-SP-99. I have extracted each & every single detail from these standards. I have prepared this document basically for the testing of Instrument Valves having nominal size smaller than 1 Inch. But it can also be helpful for the testing of general purpose valves. It includes the testing requirements like test fluid, test conditions, test duration, test pressure, etc.
Reference Documents : ASME B16.34 (2013) Valves - Flanged, Threaded & Socket Welded , MSS-SP-99 (2010) Instrument Valves.
For any queries, please feel free to contact me on mistrynilesh@icloud.com
Design of hydraulic cylinder with Matlab code proper step by step.
we have made our design Matlab code so you can learn about cylinder design Matlab code.
attached file of NX design which our 3D design model
A Control Valve is the most commonly used
final control element used to regulate fluid flow in
a process. In a process, normally it is the only
controllable element residing in the loop.
Ø This is a device used to modulate flow of
process fluid in pipe lines by creating a variable
area in the flow path.
Ø The flow path is varied with respect to the
control signal received from the controller
towards the required flow modulation.
Valves are mechanical devices that help in the regulation and control of pressure or fluid by either closing or opening the flow direction of the fluid or pressure. Valves operate in different positions. Valves have found their importance in different industries and applications.
There are many different types of valves that are found in different industries.
More applications You can see on our social networks:
Fair automation virtual expo booth from industrial automation on LinkedIn:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/www-fairautomation-com?trk=tyah&trkInfo=tarId%3A1396344582711%2Ctas%3Afairautomation%2Cidx%3A1-1-1
Our virtual expo onGoogle Plus:
https://plus.google.com/+Fairautomation
Latest Tweets form industrial automation:
https://twitter.com/Fairautomation
Industrial pictures onPenterest:
https://www.pinterest.com/fairautomation/
Facebook industrial automation news:
https://www.facebook.com/fairautomation?fref=ts
Valves are essential components of piping systems, which regulate the flow of fluids, such as water, gas, and oil. They are used to start, stop, and control the flow of fluids in a piping system. Valves come in different types, including ball valves, gate valves, globe valves, butterfly valves, and check valves, each designed for specific applications
A valve is a mechanical device that controls the flow of fluids (liquids, gases, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways through a piping system.
A valve is a generic name for device with a movable feature that opens and closes the passageway in order to allow, prevent or control the flow of fluids.
Valves are essential components of piping systems, which regulate the flow of fluids, such as water, gas, and oil. They are used to start, stop, and control the flow of fluids in a piping system. Valves come in different types, including ball valves, gate valves, globe valves, butterfly valves, and check valves, each designed for specific applications
A valve is a mechanical device that controls the flow of fluids (liquids, gases, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways through a piping system.
A valve is a generic name for device with a movable feature that opens and closes the passageway in order to allow, prevent or control the flow of fluids.
Describe different flow control valves with figures. Include referenc.pdfpoblettesedanoree498
Describe different flow control valves with figures. Include references for the material and
figures.
Solution
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLOW CONTROL VALVES
1. BALL VALVE
A ball valve is a form of quarter-turn valve which uses a hollow, perforated and pivoting ball to
control flow through it. It is open when the ball\'s hole is in line with the flow and closed when it
is pivoted 90-degrees by the valve handle. The handle lies flat in alignment with the flow when
open, and is perpendicular to it when closed, making for easy visual confirmation of the valve\'s
status.
Ball valves are durable, performing well after many cycles, and reliable, closing securely even
after long periods of disuse. These qualities make them an excellent choice for shutoff and
control applications, where they are often preferred to gates and globe valves, but they lack their
fine control in throttling applications.
The ball valve\'s ease of operation, repair, and versatility lend it to extensive industrial use,
supporting pressures up to 1000 bar and temperatures up to 752 °F (500 °C), depending on
design and materials used. Sizes typically range from 0.2 to 48 inches (0.5 cm to 121 cm). One
disadvantage of a ball valve is that they trap water in the center cavity while in the closed
position. In the event of a freeze, the sides can crack due to expansion of ice forming. Some
means of insulation or heat tape in this situation will usually prevent damage. Another option for
cold climates is the \"freeze tolerant ball valve\". This style of ball valve incorporates a freeze
plug in the side so in the event of a freeze up, the freeze plug ruptures, (acts as a sacrificial disk),
thus making for an easy repair. Now instead of replacing the whole valve, just screw in a new
freeze plug.
2.GATE VALVE
A gate valve, also known as a sluice valve, is a valve which opens by lifting a round or
rectangular gate/wedge out of the path of the fluid. The distinct feature of a gate valve is the
sealing surfaces between the gate and seats are planar, so gate valves are often used when a
straight-line flow of fluid and minimum restriction is desired. The gate faces can be parallel, but
are most commonly wedge-shaped. Gate valves are primarily used to permit or prevent the flow
of liquids, but typical gate valves shouldn\'t be used for regulating flow, unless they are
specifically designed for that purpose. Because of their ability to cut through liquids, gate valves
are often used in the petroleum industry. For extremely thick fluids, a specialty valve often
known as a knife gate valve is used to cut through the liquid. On opening the gate valve, the flow
path is enlarged in a highly nonlinear manner with respect to percent of opening. This means that
flow rate does not change evenly with stem travel. Also, a partially open gate tends to vibrate
from the fluid flow. Most of the flow change occurs near shutoff with a relatively high fluid
velocity causing gate and seat wear and eventual leakage if u.
Listed below, are India's top 10 valve manufacturing businesses each of which provides high-quality valves at reasonable costs. Several manufacturers of valves in India manufacture various types of valves with several applications.
Other parts of the butterfly valve include a butterfly disc, external case, stem, a tough situating plate, pressing, and an actuator. A bar is gone via the disc joined to an actuator outside the valve.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. 2
What is a valve?
Valve (valv/)
Noun: a device for controlling the passage of
fluid or air through a pipe, duct, etc., especially
an automatic device allowing movement in one
direction only.
3. 3
Reference Codes and Standards
API STD 598: Valve inspection and testing
API STD 600: Steel gate valve
API STD 594: Check valve
API 608: Ball valve
API 609: Butterfly valve
API RP 621: Valve repair
ASME 16.34: Valves (flanged, threaded and welding end)
5. 5
Gate Valve
A gate valve consists of a body that contains a gate that interrupts
flow. This type of valve is normally used in a fully open or fully
closed position. Gate valves are generally used in systems where low
flow resistance for a fully open valve is desired and there is no need
to throttle the flow.
Pictures from www. kitz.co.jp/english2/type_gatevalve.html
API RP574
6. 6
Gate Valve
Advantages:
- It has good shutoff characteristics.
- The pressure loss through the valve is minimal.
7. 7
Gate Valve
Disadvantage
- It is not suitable for throttling applications.
- It is prone to vibration in the partially open state.
- It is more subject to seat and disk wear than a globe valve.
- Repairs, such as lapping and grinding, are generally more difficult
to accomplish.
8. 8
Globe Valve
A globe valve, which is commonly used to regulate fluid flow,
consists of a valve body that contains a circular disc that moves
parallel to the disc axis and contacts the seat. The stream flows
upward generally, except for vacuum service or when required by
system design (e.g. fail closed), through the seat area against the
disc, and then changes direction to flow through the body to the
outlet disc. The seating surface can be flat or tapered.
Pictures from www. kitz.co.jp/english2/type_globevalve.html
API RP574
9. 9
Globe Valve
Advantages:
- Good shut-off capability.
- Moderate to good throttling capability.
- Shorter stroke (compared to a gate valve)
- Available in tee, wye, and angle patterns, each offering unique
capabilities
- Easy to machine or resurface the seats
10. 10
Globe Valve
Disadvantages:
- Higher pressure drop (compared to a gate valve)
- Requires greater force or a larger actuator to seat the valve
(with pressure under the seat)
11. 11
Ball Valve
A ball valve is another one-quarter turn valve similar to a plug valve
except that the plug in a ball valve is spherical instead of tapered or
cylindrical. Ball valves usually function as block valves to close off flow.
They are well suited for conditions that require quick on/off or bubble
tight service. A ball valve is typically equipped with an elastomeric
seating material that provides good shut off characteristics; however,
all-metal, high-pressure ball valves are available.
Pictures from www. kitz.co.jp/english2/type_ballvalve.html
API RP574
12. 12
Ball Valve
Advantages:
- Quick to open and close.
- Smaller in size than a gate valve.
- Several designs of ball valves offer flexibility of selection.
- High-quality ball valves provide reliable service in high-pressure
and high-temperature applications.
- Force required to actuate the valve is smaller than that required
for a gate or a globe valve.
13. 13
Ball Valve
Disadvantages:
- Conventional ball valves have relatively poor throttling
characteristics. In a throttling position, the partially exposed seat
rapidly erodes because of the impingement of high velocity flow.
14. 14
Butterfly Valve
A butterfly valve consists of a disc mounted on a stem in the flow path
within the valve body. The body is usually flanged and of the lug or
wafer type. A one-quarter turn of the stem changes the valve from
fully closed to completely open. Butterfly valves are most often used in
low-pressure service for coarse flow control.
Pictures from www. kitz.co.jp/english2/type_butterflyvalve.html
API RP574
15. 15
Butterfly Valve
Advantage
- The compact design requires considerably less space, compared to
gate, globe, or other valves.
- Light in weight.
- Quick acting; as a quarter-turn valve, it requires less time to open
or close.
- It is available in large sizes, ranging from NPS 1¹⁄₂ (DN 40) to
over NPS 200 (DN 5000).
- It has low-pressure drop and high-pressure recovery.
16. 16
Butterfly Valve
Disadvantage
- Throttling service is limited to low differential pressure.
- Cavitation and choked flow are two potential concerns.
- The disc movement is unguided and affected by flow
turbulence.
17. 17
Check Valve
Check valves are designed to prevent the reversal of flow in a piping
system. These valves are activated by the flowing material in the
pipeline. The pressure of the fluid passing through the system opens
the valve, while any reversal of flow will close the valve. Closure is
accomplished by the weight of the check mechanism, by back
pressure, by a spring, or by a combination of these means.
Pictures from www. kitz.co.jp/english2/type_checkvalve.html
API RP574
18. 18
Advantages:
- It is self-actuated and requires no external means to actuate the
valve either to open or close. It is fast acting.
- It allows flow in one direction only
- Pressure drop is very low
Check Valve
19. 19
Disadvantage
The major disadvantages to the use of a check valve are:
- Since all moving parts are enclosed, it is difficult to determine
whether the valve is open or closed. Furthermore, the condition of
internal parts cannot be assessed.
- Each type of check valve has limitations on its installation
configurations.
- Valve disc can stick in open position.
Check Valve
20. 20
Valve Component
Body : is the primary pressure boundary of a valve. It
serves as the principal element of a valve assembly
because it is the framework that holds everything
together.
Bonnet : A valve body closure component that contains
an opening for the stem.
Trim : The internal elements of a valve are collectively
referred to as a valve's trim. The trim typically includes
Disc : The part of the valve which is positioned in
the flow stream to permit or to obstruct flow
Seat : The portion of the valve against which the
closure member presses to effect shutoff.
Stem : which connects the actuator and disk, is
responsible for positioning the disk.
Actuator : A device that operates a valve by utilizing
electricity, pneumatics, hydraulics, or
a combination of one or more of these energies.
Packing : to prevent leakage from the space between
the stem and the bonnet.
24. 24
Trim Chart
Example:
Trim #8
Nominal trim: F6 (SS410) + Hard Faced
Seat surface material: F6 (SS410) + Co-Cr-A(Stellite)
Stem: F6 (SS410)
Disc: F6 (SS410)
Application: General service up to 593C, medium pressure
and more corrosive service
27. 27
Valve Testing
API 598 Valve inspection and testing
Pressure Tests
Shell test
Backseat test
Low pressure closure
High pressure closure
Requirement of each pressure test is varied by
type of valve, size, and flange rating
28. 28
Shell Test
• The valve is partially opened
and valve’s ends completely
closed.
• Not a single valve component
shall be removed.
• The valve body shall be
completely filled with test
fluid.
29. 29
Backseat Test
• The valve is fully opened and
valve’s ends completely
closed.
• Gland packing shall be either
loosened or removed.
• The valve body shall be
completely filled with test
fluid.
Loosen bolt to relax gland packing
Gland
packing
30. 30
Low Pressure Closure
• The valve is fully closed with
one end subjected for testing
and the other end opened for
detection of leakage
• Not a single valve component
shall be removed.
• Both ends shall be subjected
for testing
31. 31
High Pressure Closure
• Same as Low Pressure
Closure, except that in the
case of a liquid test, leakage
shall be detected when drops,
not bubbles
• Both ends shall be subjected
for testing
34. 34
Test Pressure
For other materials, the test pressure shall be 1.5 times of the
working pressure varying by class (ASME B16.34).
35. 35
Test Fluid
The test fluid shall be done with water or with
other suitable fluid.
For testing of austenitic stainless steel valves,
water with chloride content not exceeding 30
ppm shall be used
37. 37
Acceptance Criteria
The valve shall be visually examined for leakage
after it has been fully prepared and is under full
test pressure.
No leakage or pressure drop.
For valves with adjustable stem seals, leakage
through the stem seals or stem packing shall not
be cause for rejection.
