Hypertension, or high blood pressure, affects over 1 billion people worldwide and 65 million Americans. It increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. The document defines hypertension as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher. Risk factors include age, family history, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol, stress, and a diet high in salt. Preventing hypertension involves maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, reducing salt intake, moderating alcohol, and seeing a doctor regularly for blood pressure checks.
High Blood Pressure or Hypertension is known as the silent killer. It is a condition that occurs without symptoms for many years and in most cases the cause is unknown. Genetic or environmental are the most explained reasons.
Learn classification of blood pressure and stages of hypertasion in adults. To know reason and complecations of hypertension, visit at http://gisurgery.info/player_presentation.php?id=90
Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure. It is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated
To know more about hypertension click on the below link
https://docmode.org/about/
https://docmode.org/lectures/
https://docmode.org/masked-hypertension-high-in-indians/
High Blood Pressure or Hypertension is known as the silent killer. It is a condition that occurs without symptoms for many years and in most cases the cause is unknown. Genetic or environmental are the most explained reasons.
Learn classification of blood pressure and stages of hypertasion in adults. To know reason and complecations of hypertension, visit at http://gisurgery.info/player_presentation.php?id=90
Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure. It is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated
To know more about hypertension click on the below link
https://docmode.org/about/
https://docmode.org/lectures/
https://docmode.org/masked-hypertension-high-in-indians/
Global Medical Cures™ | Womens Health- HEART DISEASE
Understanding risk factors of this number one killer of women, as well as heart attack signs, common tests, treatments, and living with heart disease.
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Hypertension is one of those ailments that needs a multi-pronged approach. Yes, medication is important, but it’s not of much use unless it is combined with the right diet, exercise and mental peace. Your partner in this journey is your GP. With the GP you can build an effective plan to manage hypertension and lead a full life.
Hypertension or high blood pressure has become a common health problem.
•High blood pressure may cause coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral vascular disease, vision loss, chronic kidney disease and dementia.
•The narrower your arteries are, the higher your blood pressure will be.
•Your blood pressure measurement takes into account how much blood is passing through your blood vessels and the amount of resistance the blood meets while the heart is pumping.
•High blood pressure generally develops over many years, and it affects nearly everyone eventually.
•Fortunately, high blood pressure can be easily detected. And once you know you have high blood pressure, you can work with your doctor to control it.
Get more details @
Keep yourself away from Hypertensive Heart Disease with Heart Care tips. Help yourself by referring the healthy tips and prevent the occurrence of heart disease.know more by visiting https://www.plus100years.com/prevent-hypertensive-heart-disease-heart-care-tips/
Austin Hypertension is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Hypertension.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all areas of Hypertension. Austin Hypertension accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of hypertension.
Austin Hypertension strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Hypertension is one of the major causes of cardio vascular system (CVS) disease, kidney failure and mortality in all over the world. It is said that in our country there are 200 million patients have been suffering from hypertension but only half of them were aware of their illness and out of them only 30% are taking medications under constant medical care. This is one of the deadliest non communicable diseases in the world leading to around 9.4 million deaths occurred in every year. The estimated market share of anti-hypertensive agents is $30 billion by 2016. Hypertension affects approximately 50 million individuals in the US and approximately 1 billion worldwide. There are significant health and economic gains achieved owing to early detection, adequate treatment and good control of hypertension. Hypertension prevails where ever weak health conditions exist all over the world irrespective of either advanced or low per capita income countries. It is alarming to know one in three American adults chronically suffering from high blood pressure. Many people don't aware that they have B.P till they badly affected because negligence of high blood pressure as no symptoms or warning signs appears and then only they abruptly rushed for the medical aid. Elevated chronic blood pressure enhanced cholesterol and blood sugar levels abnormally which causes serious damage to the arteries, kidneys, and heart. Fortunately, high blood pressure is easy to detect and treat due to invention of advanced medical instruments and techniques and introduction of new pharmaceutical drugs. People can keep blood pressure in a healthy range of normal conditions simply by altering lifestyle changes by reducing overweight, by regulating food habits with natural foods and regular practice of exercises and yoga. This report includes tips on how to use a home blood pressure monitor, as well as advice on choosing an appropriate drug treatment strategy based on the age and severity of B.P keeping in view any other medical problems existing in the body.
Global Medical Cures™ | Womens Health- HEART DISEASE
Understanding risk factors of this number one killer of women, as well as heart attack signs, common tests, treatments, and living with heart disease.
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Hypertension is one of those ailments that needs a multi-pronged approach. Yes, medication is important, but it’s not of much use unless it is combined with the right diet, exercise and mental peace. Your partner in this journey is your GP. With the GP you can build an effective plan to manage hypertension and lead a full life.
Hypertension or high blood pressure has become a common health problem.
•High blood pressure may cause coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral vascular disease, vision loss, chronic kidney disease and dementia.
•The narrower your arteries are, the higher your blood pressure will be.
•Your blood pressure measurement takes into account how much blood is passing through your blood vessels and the amount of resistance the blood meets while the heart is pumping.
•High blood pressure generally develops over many years, and it affects nearly everyone eventually.
•Fortunately, high blood pressure can be easily detected. And once you know you have high blood pressure, you can work with your doctor to control it.
Get more details @
Keep yourself away from Hypertensive Heart Disease with Heart Care tips. Help yourself by referring the healthy tips and prevent the occurrence of heart disease.know more by visiting https://www.plus100years.com/prevent-hypertensive-heart-disease-heart-care-tips/
Austin Hypertension is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Hypertension.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all areas of Hypertension. Austin Hypertension accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of hypertension.
Austin Hypertension strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Hypertension is one of the major causes of cardio vascular system (CVS) disease, kidney failure and mortality in all over the world. It is said that in our country there are 200 million patients have been suffering from hypertension but only half of them were aware of their illness and out of them only 30% are taking medications under constant medical care. This is one of the deadliest non communicable diseases in the world leading to around 9.4 million deaths occurred in every year. The estimated market share of anti-hypertensive agents is $30 billion by 2016. Hypertension affects approximately 50 million individuals in the US and approximately 1 billion worldwide. There are significant health and economic gains achieved owing to early detection, adequate treatment and good control of hypertension. Hypertension prevails where ever weak health conditions exist all over the world irrespective of either advanced or low per capita income countries. It is alarming to know one in three American adults chronically suffering from high blood pressure. Many people don't aware that they have B.P till they badly affected because negligence of high blood pressure as no symptoms or warning signs appears and then only they abruptly rushed for the medical aid. Elevated chronic blood pressure enhanced cholesterol and blood sugar levels abnormally which causes serious damage to the arteries, kidneys, and heart. Fortunately, high blood pressure is easy to detect and treat due to invention of advanced medical instruments and techniques and introduction of new pharmaceutical drugs. People can keep blood pressure in a healthy range of normal conditions simply by altering lifestyle changes by reducing overweight, by regulating food habits with natural foods and regular practice of exercises and yoga. This report includes tips on how to use a home blood pressure monitor, as well as advice on choosing an appropriate drug treatment strategy based on the age and severity of B.P keeping in view any other medical problems existing in the body.
High blood pressure or BP or hypertension has been termed as the ‘silent killer’. It is essential to know in detail about this silent killer and take measures not to fall prey to it. The pressure in your blood varies depending on the type of work you are doing.
After attending this presentation audience will be able to:
•Define Blood pressure, Normal BP and Hypertension
•Classify Hypertension
•Enlist Predisposing factors of Hypertension
•Describe the consequences of Hypertension
•Explain/plan that how to avoid Hypertension
A blood pressure measurement is always expressed in two numbers. The higher (systolic) number represents the pressure while the heart is beating, and the lower (diastolic) number represents the pressure when the heart is resting between beats.
Blood pressure is a fundamental indicator of your cardiovascular
health. It reflects the force of blood against your artery walls, and it
fluctuates naturally throughout the day. In this comprehensive guide,
we'll delve into the significance of blood pressure numbers, explore
the risks associated with high blood pressure (hypertension), and
discuss effective prevention and management strategies.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
Hypertensionpp
1. HYPERTENSION
ARE YOU AT RISK
FOR A HEART
ATTACK? STROKE?
OR HEART
DISEASE?
THESE ARE
COMLPLICATIONS OF
HYPERTENSION
LEARN WHAT
HYPERTENSION IS
AND HOW TO PREVENT
IT.
2. Teaching Objectives
Explain the prevalence and affects of hypertension in
the U.S.
Define hypertension.
Describe the mechanisms involved in the regulation of
blood pressure.
Name the risks of Hypertension.
Describe the signs & symptoms and complications of
hypertension.
Define the classifications of hypertension.
Describe preventative measures for hypertension.
Explain how to monitor blood pressure at home using
manual and/or electronic devices.
3. Considerations
Hypertension is an important medical and public health issue.
It is estimated that 1 billion people Worldwide are affected
by hypertension.
At least 65 million American adults, or 1 in 3, have high Blood
pressure.
There is a direct relationship between hypertension and
Cardiovascular disease (CVD).
There is a proportional risk for heart attack, heart failure,
stroke, and renal disease with higher Blood pressure.
4. WHAT IS HYPERTENSION?
Blood pressure is expressed as two numbers, for example 120/80 mmHg
These numbers represent the pressure against the walls of your blood
vessels as the blood moves through them.
The top number (or first number) represents the systolic pressure, which
occurs when the heart contracts.
The bottom number (or second number) represents the diastolic pressure,
which occurs when the heart relaxes.
Normal blood pressure is less than 120 (systolic) over 80 (diastolic),
typically written as 120/80 mm Hg (read 120 over 80 millimeters of
mercury).
Hypertension, or High blood pressure is persistent
Systolic blood pressure SBP ≥140 mmHg, and
Diastolic blood pressure DBP ≥ 90 mmHg.
5. Lets take a step back and learn a
little about what happens in our
bodies……..
The organs and tissue in your
body need oxygen to survive.
Oxygen is bound to your
blood and is delivered( after
an exchange of carbon
dioxide for oxygen in your
lungs) to your body by blood
vessels.
When your heart beats, it
creates pressure that
pushes blood through your
arteries and veins, also
known as blood vessels and
capillaries.
Blood pressure is the force
of blood pushing against your
blood vessel walls.
Your blood pressure must be
within a normal range to
properly deliver this oxygen
rich blood to your organs and
tissues in order to survive.
6. Okay……so what does this mean?
When someone has high blood pressure , this increased force makes the heart work
harder to pump blood to the body.
The increased force puts a strain on both the heart and the blood vessels.
If the force of the blood flow is high for some time, eventually the tissue that
makes up the walls of the arteries gets stretched beyond its healthy limit.
This overstretching of the blood vessels makes them more prone to rupture.
Damages to the vessels results in the development of Atherosclerosis
( hardening of the arteries).
Uncontrolled high blood pressure increases your risk of serious health
problems, including heart attack and stroke.
7. Who is at risk for Hypertension?
Age- Blood pressure rises with increasing age.
Alcohol- Excessive alcohol intake is associated with Hypertension
Cigarette smoking- Smoking increases your risk for Cardiovascular disease. If you have hypertension &
smoke and/or take Oral contraceptives you have a greater risk for Cardiovascular disease and blood
clots.
Diabetes Mellitus- Hypertension is more common in Diabetics
Elevated Cholesterol & Triglycerides- High levels of cholesterol & triglycerides are primary risk
factors for atherosclerosis (plaque build up in your blood vessels).
Too much salt in your diet- High sodium intake contributes to high blood pressure and causes water
retention.
Gender- Hypertension is more common in young adulthood men & middle aged men (<55 yr of age). After
the age off 55 Hypertension is more common in women.
Family history- Having a close blood relative ( parents or sibling) with hypertension increases your risk
of developing hypertension.
Obesity- Weight gain is highly associated with increased frequency of hypertension, especially with
central abdominal obesity.
Ethnicity- The incidence of hypertension is twice as high in African Americans as they are in whites.
Sedentary lifestyle- Inactivity and weight gain are associated with high blood pressure & increases
the risk for heart disease.
Stress- People exposed to repeated stress may develop hypertension more
frequently than others.
8. Signs & Symptoms Of Hypertension
Hypertension is often called the “Silent killer” because it is frequently asymptomatic- meaning “without
symptoms” until it has become severe and damage to organs have occurred.
A person with severe hypertension may have symptoms caused by the effects on the blood vessels
which my be:
Fatigue
Reduced activity tolerance
Dizziness
Palpitations
Angina (chest pain)
And difficulty breathing
• According to the American Heart Association There's a common misconception that people with high
blood pressure will experience symptoms such as nervousness, sweating, difficulty sleeping or facial
flushing. The truth is that HBP (high blood pressure) is largely a symptomless condition. If you ignore
your blood pressure because you think symptoms will alert you to the problem, you are taking a
dangerous chance with your life. Everybody needs to know their blood pressure numbers, and everyone
needs to prevent high blood pressure from developing.
There are also myths of headaches/nosebleeds believed to be related to HBP. According to the AHA
studies have shown that people with higher systolic (top number) blood pressure were up to 40% less
likely to have headaches ( except in the cases of Hypertensive crisis SBP ≥180mmHg and DSP
≥110mmHg)
It is important to know that nosebleeds can be associated with other factors,. Most common reasons
for nosebleeds are dry air especially in hot climates like the desert Southwest (Arizona). Other causes
may be allergies, sinusitis or anticoagulants such as Warfarin or aspirin.
9. Cardiovascular disease
Atherosclerosis – “ Hardening of the
arteries”
Coronary Artery Disease- damage to the
heart & coronary arteries
Cerebrovascular Disease
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Stroke or Heart Attack
Angina- Chest pain
Kidney damage
Vision loss
Heart failure- Over time as
the heart works harder to push
the blood throughout the body,
the heart (which is a muscle)
enlarges.
Just like any other muscle in
your body enlarges when you
work it out.
This enlargement causes
stretching of the heart muscle
and eventually not enough blood
is pumped out of the heart to
the body to meet the body’s
requirements of oxygen as
discussed earlier.
Complications of Hypertension
10. Classifications of Blood Pressure
Normal BP ‘
SBP <120 mmHg & DBP < 80 mmHg
Prehypertension
SBP 120-139 mmHg or DBP 80-89
Stage 1 Hypertension
SBP 140-159 mmHg or DBP 90-99
Stage 2 Hypertension
SBP ≥ 160 mmHg or DBP ≥ 100 mmHg
11. Prevention Of Hypertension
Maintain a healthy weight- A weight loss of
even 10 pounds can decrease your SBP ( top
number of your blood pressure)by 5-20mmHg .
Exercise- at least 30 minutes of aerobic
physical activity (brisk walking, jogging, swimming)
most days of the week.
Reduce salt and sodium intake- Foods that have
a lot of salt are processed foods ( frozen
dinners, canned foods) and Lunch meats.
Increase level of physical activity.
Limit alcohol consumption to moderate levels-
Men should limit their alcohol intake to no more
than 2 drinks per day and women to no more than
one drink per day.
1 drink = 1.5 oz. alcohol or 12 0z. Beer, 5 oz. of
wine, 1.5 oz 80 proof whiskey.
Monitor Blood pressure and know if it is high,
low, normal, or borderline for hypertension.
Regular check ups with your Primary care
Physician.
How can I prevent Hypertension ?
12. Prevention: Numbers to Remember
Lifestyle
Maintain a healthy
weight
BMI < 25%
Waist circumference
Men: 40 in. or less
Women: 35 in. or l less
Diet
5 or more servings of
fruits & veggies a day
1 tsp or less of salt per
day
Exercise
Jogging, walking,
swimming
30 minutes a day most
days of the week
Quit smoking
Limit Alcohol
consumption to 1 0z per
day
Regular Health Check
ups
LDL Cholesterol < 130
mg/dl
HDL Cholesterol 50
mg/dl or higher
13. Monitoring your Blood pressure
Your blood pressure should be taken during your regular health
check ups.
Your doctor may recommend checking your blood pressure at home
if you have risk factors of hypertension or if you have been
diagnosed with pre-hypertension (systolic -top number between 120
and 139 mm Hg OR diastolic -bottom number between 80 and 89
mm Hg).
A record of readings taken over time can provide you and your
healthcare provider a clearer picture of your blood pressure.
AHA Recommendation:
The American Heart Association recommends an automatic, cuff-
style, bicep (upper-arm) monitor. Wrist and finger monitors are not
recommended because they yield less reliable readings.
14. Monitoring your blood pressure cont.
How to monitor your blood pressure
Use a bicep (upper-arm) monitor for more accurate readings as recommended
by the AHA.
electronic or automatic versions at work or in your local pharmacy/shopping
center may be used but can give inaccurate readings.
A manual blood pressure cuff can also be used if you have someone that knows
how to accurately use it.
Make sure the cuff fits
Be still
Sit correctly with your back straight & supported (using a dining chair instead
of a sofa is recommended), feet flat (don’t cross your legs), and upper arm
supported at heart level.
Make sure the middle of the cuff is directly over the brachial artery.
Record all your readings & understand the readings (optimal BP is < 120/80
mmHg).
The average of three readings, at least one minute apart, should be used as the
BP reading.
Consult your health care provider if you get several high recordings.
16. Prevention is Key
According to the U.S. Health and Human Services a combination
of increased physical activity, moderation in alcohol intake, and
consumption of an eating plan that is lower in sodium content and
higher in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products than the
average American diet represents the best approach for
preventing high blood pressure in the general population and in high
risk groups.
17. References
Lewis, S.L., & Heitkemper, M.M., & Dirksen, S. R., &
O’Brien, P. G., & Bucher, L. (2007). Medical Surgical
Nursing. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier.
Primary prevention of hypertension. (2002). National
Institutes of Health , 14.
What is high blood pressure. (2010).
Retrieved October 20th, 2010, from
http://www.heart.org.