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How countries in Sub-Saharan Africa can develop programmes, institutional capabilities and bioscience innovation structures able to adapt and use technologies and know-how based on their own priorities and needs?
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As vehicles are increase their is demand of fuel and using of fossil fuels,which emits CFS gases which damages ozone layer and harmful for human. I'm going to explain how we can Use of alternative fuel to reduce pollution and also to save the fossil fuels.Alcohol on combustion emits carbondoixiode and water which is again absorbed by the plants.
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Presented as part of the "Moving Africa Towards a Knowledge Based Bio-economy" seminar on how agricultural innovation and in particular biosciences in areas such as breeding, agro-processing and value addition can contribute to economic growth and sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Key questions of the seminar:
How the millions of resource-poor smallholder farmers, so vital for food production and economic growth, can benefit from the prospects of a new bio-economy?
How countries in Sub-Saharan Africa can develop programmes, institutional capabilities and bioscience innovation structures able to adapt and use technologies and know-how based on their own priorities and needs?
How can Sweden assist countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to move Towards a Knowledge Based Bio-economy?
3rd Mekong Forum on Water, Food & Energy 2013. Presentation from Session 8: What we have learned over the last year about balancing the gender scales in hydropower development.
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As vehicles are increase their is demand of fuel and using of fossil fuels,which emits CFS gases which damages ozone layer and harmful for human. I'm going to explain how we can Use of alternative fuel to reduce pollution and also to save the fossil fuels.Alcohol on combustion emits carbondoixiode and water which is again absorbed by the plants.
A project example for the Conversion of Biomass into upgradable Bionic-Oil and Bionic-Char using Bionic's MWDP technology created jointly by the sister companies Bionic Laboratories BLG GmbH, Germany and Bionic Palm Ltd, Ghana. We show a true win-win opportunity between Africa and Europe through a highly sustainable Biomass to Energy project approach with Char being exported as a solid green fuel for the European Power Industry while the Oil serves as Transportation Fuel in Africa.
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1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
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Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
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The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
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Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
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• Q/A
2. Ethanol as fuel for stoves,
generators cars, buses
and lamps will be
available everywhere (as
telephone handsets now
are, yet much cheaper…
Imagine a soon coming Africa
where…
Our cars will run on
GASOHOL: A cleaner
fuel made from a
blend of Ethanol &
Gasoline:
3. Why the use of ethanol for Cooking?
The rationale (Statement of Problems)
The costs of fossil fuels are rising and so are the
budgets of most African Countries who spend an
average of 55-60% of national budget on
importation and subsidization of liquid
petroleum fuels for their domestic economies.
African countries cannot cope with this rising
cost. Most African economies may experience
stagnation & worsen the poverty trap except
alternative bio fuels are produced to substitute
the unsustainable imports of petroleum.
Nigerian Goverment to commence Deregulation
in the 1st quarter of 2011
4. WHY USE ETHANOL FOR COOKING?
Blackened pots, walls and ceiling
Health: eye irritation, coughing
Long distances for gathering 6-8
hours or more
Rape, beatings, intimidation, threat
of murder, theft
Falls and injuries, dehydration,
injuries to back, legs and kidneys
Lack of wood
Lack of time for education, income
generation, or access to services
5. Long lines await delivery of kerosene in a
fuel station.
Replacing kerosene with ethanol is
financially more rewarding than replacing
gasoline, since Nigeria pays more for
kerosene.
The retail fuel market in Nigeria has been
plagued by high prices, scarcities, and
quality problems. Purchasing fuels from
abroad creates a FOREX problem.
6. Mother and child in a smoky
Kitchen cooking in Nigeria
Extremely high particulate matter and CO. kills
360,000 women and children every year in Sub
Saharan Africa (WHO 2006)
8. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Dung Crop Wood Kerosene Gas Alcohol Electricity
PM10(g/meal)
CO(g/meal)
Emissions Along the Energy Ladder
CO (g/meal)
PM10
Our tests show that alcohol fuels used in the CleanCook stove are
the cleanest and safest alternative for the 80%+ of homes in the
developing world that do not have adequate or reliable access to
electricity.
PM10 are small soot
particles 10 μ in size
or less. PM10
indicates that even
smaller, more
dangerous particles
are present.
9. The Cassakero VISION
“To provide Nigeria with a locally made
bio- ethanol Cooking fuel and
appliances for household use that will
be available, affordable and accessible,
creating new jobs and reducing poverty
while enhancing food and energy
security in the nation without harming
the environment.”
10. PROJECT MISSION
“To establish a dedicated national
bio-ethanol output of 4 million
liters per day produced from small
scale-bio ethanol refineries to
provide the household Cooking fuel
requirement of 4 million families in
four years (2011-2015).”
11. The Project
To establish an integrated pilot project to
demonstrate the feasibility and economic
viability of ethanol production from farm
gate base refineries using energy crops and
its use as clean low cost cooking and
household fuel.
Capacity: 1,000 Liters/day
Providing fuel for: 1,000 household
50 Out growers: 100 hectares
Feedstock: Non Edible Cassava, sweet
sorghum
Clean Cook Stoves: 1,000
12. Phase/year Number
of
Plants
Cassava
requirement (tons
per day)
Output
(Liters) per
day
1 (March. 2011-
March. 2012)
400 2,300 400,000
2 (March. 2012-
March. 2013)
1,200 5,000 1,200,000
3 (March. 2013-
March. 2014)
1,200 5,000 1,200,000
4 (March. 2014-
March. 2015)
1,200 5,000 1,200,000
Total 4,000 4,000,000
Cassakero Implementing Program :
Commercialization phase 2011-2015
13. Project cost
Project cost $230,000 (N34.5 Million)the
cost covers:
Project Land N1 Million
Building & Borehole: N2.5Million Naira
Complete small scale Ethanol refinery
N18 Million
1,000 Stoves: N10 million
Working Capital: N3 Million
15. Cost Comparison and Viability Analysis
of Feedstock for Ethanol Production
Cassava
Sweet
Potato
Sweet
Sorghum
Crop yield (t/ha) 35 40 40
Ethanol yield(liters/t feedstock) 180 125 40
Ethanol yield (liters/ha) 6,300 5,000 1,600
Ethanol production cost
(N/liter)
54.7 59.3 56.5
Selling price (N/liter)* 80.0 80.5 80.0
Gross profit (N/liter) 34.7
*Mark up 40% production cost
All prices are indicative with specifics established only after a project feasibility study
18. The Distribution of the Liquid The Ethanol to
serve as a cooking & Household fuel
19.
20.
21. We must
mechanize!!!
Don’t use heavy
machinery in fragile
soils
Promote use of light
machinery such the
rugged power tiller
and accessories
1ha/hour/3
persons
22. Planting
1 ha / hour / 3 persons
Manual planting
1 ha / day
(12 persons)
Single Line Planter
(India)
24. The Cassakero Cooking fuelCassakero is safe and easy to handle and user friendly. it
is less volatile and as a bio-fuel, it is easily absorbed into
the environment with no known health hazard. The
ethanol will be denatured with Bitrex, a bitter substance
to render it undrinkable, and a colorant to give it a
distinguishing color.
25. 25
EXPECTED PROFILE OF
ETHANOL FUEL
Ethanol content (at 250) 98 – 99%
Methanol (g/100L) - 3 max
Ethyl Carbamate (g/100L) - 150 max
Ethyl Acetate (g/100L of ethanol) - 150 max
Toluene (g/100L) - Nil
Benzene (g/100L) - Nil
Cyclohexane - Nil
Zinc - 5mg/L max
Copper - 2mg/L max
Lead - 0.2mg/L max
Cadmium - 0.1mg/L max
Appearance - Clear, Colourless Liquid
Odour - Characteristic of Spirit
Taste - Bitter as a result of the Bitrex
Denaturant Bitrex 2.5ppm level
26. THE USE OF ETHANOL AS A
COOKING FUEL USING THE
CLEAN COOK STOVES
27. The Stove Technical SpecificationsTechnical Specifications
-Width:596:mm
-Depth:326mm
-Height:137mm fuel tank:1,21
-Burn time: approximately 4.5hrs.
At maximum effect.
28. ORIGO C100,220-240V, electric & ethanol stove
The electric & ethanol stove Combination
ORIGO C200,220-240V, electric & ethanol double stove
30. The CleanCook fueling
system: The fuel is
charged into the canister
as a liquid and adsorbed
onto a fiber filling. The
fuel will not spill and
cannot explode. The
result it is a very safe
stove.
31. The CleanCook stove will make it
possible for ethanol to enter into and
take command of the household
energy market—a new and important
opportunity for CAR.
34. Bio-electricity
4 liters hydrated
ethanol = 1 hour
electricity
110-220 v ; 8.5 kwa
400 light bulbs
Crops processing at
village level
Improved quality of
life in poor rural
households
38. Rural/Agro-Industrial Employment
“Energy Poverty” Reduction
Safe Usage for Women & Children
(Non-Spill & Non-Explosive)
Clean Cooking Environment
(No Smoke, Fumes or Smell)
Adaptable to Existing Wood fuel &
Kerosene Stoves/Cooking Practices
Social Impacts & Benefits
39. Bio-fuels Initiative in Africa Key Stakeholders
1. Energy security
& diversification
2. Higher
convertible
currency exports
3. New revenue
stream for agro-
industries &
farmers
4. Carbon finance
5. Jobs
6. Local rural
energy needs
Private
sector
Commercial
Banks
NGOs
Civil
Society
Gov
Development
Banks
Development
Partners
Sub-regional,
Regional. &
International
Institutions
Research
40. For Further Details
Contact:
THE PROJECT
CONSULTANTS:
:
Mr. Boma Simeon Anga
Executive Chairman
Cassava Agro industries Services
Limited
House 32, 351 Road, off 3rd Avenue,
Gwarinpa Estate,
Abuja.
Tel: +234-(0)803-303-1097,
(9)290-7366
Fax: +234-(9)222-4046
WEBSITE:
www.cassavaagroindustries.com
e-mail: bomaanga@yahoo.com,
boma@cassavaagroindustries.com
