BTG is an independent firm specialized in biomass conversion technologies with 25 years of experience developing and implementing bioenergy systems in over 80 countries. Fast pyrolysis is a process that converts biomass into bio-oil by rapidly heating biomass to 450-600°C in the absence of air, producing 75% liquid bio-oil, 12% char, and 13% gas. Fast pyrolysis has advantages over other conversion methods as the liquid bio-oil is easier to transport and produces fewer emissions than combustion. BTG has developed and operated modular 2 ton/hr fast pyrolysis plants to produce bio-oil from various biomass feedstocks.

1. BTG Biomass Technology Group

2. BTG started at the University Twente (NL) as a group of reactor engineering (1979 - 1986) BTG is an independent, private firm specialized in the process of biomass conversion into fuels and energy (25 years) BTG is a world-wide development and implementation of economic and environmentally sound bio-energy systems. Field-experience in more than 80 countries. BTG biomass technology In North America Representing:

3. What is Fast Pyrolysis? Process that converts biomass into a liquid product: bio-oil organic material is rapidly heated to 450 – 600 o C in absence of air. Breaks down material into a large number of relatively small molecules End products are 75wt% liquid oil, 12% char and 13% gas.

5. Feedstock WOOD CHIPS WOOD WASTE SAW DUST LOGGING RESIDUE

6. Alfalfa corn stover crop residues debarking waste forage grasses forest residues hulls municipal solid waste sawdust pomace, scrap and spoilage (fruit & vegetable processing) spent grains spent hops spent yeast switch grass waste wood chips wood chips Biomass Feedstock

7. The Feed stock must be dry < 10%wt moisture content Particle size should be < 6mm Thermal degradation in absence of oxygen occurs in the fast pyrolysis reactor The char must be removed from pyrolysis vapors The vapors are quenched and the liquids collected Fast Pyrolysis Process

8. Pyrolysis process

9. Bio-Oil is a liquid mixture of oxygenated compounds containing various chemical functional groups, such as carbonyl, carboxyl and phenolic groups. Typically a dark brown free flowing liquid. The density is very high: 1.2 kg/liter, (light fuel oil at around 0.85 kg/ liter) The bio-liquid has about 42% of the energy content of fuel oil on a weight basis, but 61% on a volumetric basis. The liquid is chemically unstable and must be stored at room temperature Water miscible Not miscible with hydrocarbons “ Ages” - viscosity increases with time Bio-Oil

10. Capacity: 2 ton/hr Modular construction Detailed design & construction of pyrolysis unit in NL (2004) Shipped to Malaysia in January 2005. Bio-oil Production Plant

11. Module Plant Assembly

12. 2 t/hr pyrolysis plant in Malaysia

14. Process Flow Chart

15. • Cold end drive simplifies waste heat configurations and allows ready access to gearbox drive auxiliaries. • Common lube system for generator, engine and gearbox simplifies design and maintenance. • Ample borescope points allow easy, in package, condition monitoring of critical engine areas. • Twin silo combustors are easily accessed in the package for inspection and service. • In line gearbox output shaft provides a high power to size ratio. • Uncomplicated, industrial design reduces maintenance and allows the unit to burn a wide range of fuels. • Ample enclosure access complete with integral engine removal system . Typical Site Performance Power, kW at generator terminals 2720 Efficiency, % 27.3 Dimensions Length 30 ft./9.15 m Width 10 ft./3.05 m Height: Main Enclosure 10 ft./3.05 m Typical Exhaust 25 ft./7.65m Weight 80,000 lbs./36,300 kg OGT2500 Features:

16. Simultaneous production of two or more types of usable energy from a single energy source (also called “Cogeneration”) Use of waste heat from power generation equipment Cogeneration