Raman spectroscopy is a nondestructive tool used to characterize the structure and properties of carbon materials like graphene. It can be used to determine the number of layers in graphene samples, as the Raman spectrum differs for monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer graphene. Raman spectroscopy is also useful for studying graphene nanoribbons, which have complex spectra due to their dual nature, and epitaxial graphene grown on silicon carbide. It provides a quick way to analyze the structure of graphene produced through different growth methods.

2. Raman Spectroscopy in Graphene

5. Raman spectra for
Graphene
• Raman spectroscopy is a fast, nondestructive, and high-resolution tool
for the characterization of the lattice structure and the electronic, optical,
and phonon properties of carbon materials, including three-dimensional
(3d) diamond and graphite, 2d graphene, 1d carbon nanotubes, and 0d
fullerenes.
• Monolayer Graphene
• Bilayer graphene
• Trilayer graphene

6. Raman band with 2.41 eV laser
energy for (a) 1-LG, (b) 2-LG, (c) 3-
LG, (d) 4-LG, (e) HOPG

8. Raman studies
of graphene
nanoribbons
• By cutting a graphene
sheet into ribbons.
• The Raman spectrum of
graphene nanoribbons
is very complex due to
the dual nature of GNRs

9. Zigzag
Armchair
Tight binding suggest that all
zigzag ribbons are metallic.
Armchair ribbons can be
either semiconducting or
metallic.

10. Raman studies of epitaxial
graphene
Raman spectroscopy provides a
quick and facile structural of the
graphene material that is produced
by the epitaxial growth process.
The first type of epitaxial graphene,
derived from SiC.

11. Conclusion
Due to the double-resonance Raman
mechanism, photons with different
energies interact with electrons and
phonons with different wavevectors.
The electron-phonon interaction is very
strong in graphene.
.Raman spectroscopy is likely to play a
significant role in illuminating the special
one-dimensional properties of narrow
graphene nanoribbons.