3. Introduction
Drug vehicles
Ideal characteristics of nanoparticles
Drug release mechanisms
Diseases controlled using nanoparticles
Modes of administration
Advantages
Limitations
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4. Particle size ranges from 10-1000nm in
diameter
Particulate dispersions or solid particles
A drug may be adsorbed or covalently
attached to the nanocarriers surface or it
can be encapsulated into it
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5. Liposomes
Polymeric nanoparticles
Nanoparticles based on
solid lipids
Silica nanoparticles
Gold nanoparticles
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6. Usually with 80-300 nm size range
composed of phospholipids and
cholestrol
Drug is encapsulated
Examples in liposomal formulations,
such as anticancer drugs,
neurotransmitters (serotonin),
antibiotics, anti-inflammatory etc
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7. Diameter ranging from 10 to 100 nm
These may be biodegradable and
non-biodegradable
Drug may b on the surface or
incorporated
Drug release by desorption and
diffusion
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8. A core, dendrons and surface
active groups
Surface functional groups
enables the interaction
Drug may be encapsulated or
adsorbed on the surface
Polyvalency
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9. Solid lipid nanoparticles(SLN)
o Size 100-500nm
o Delivery medium for lipophilic
drugs
o Loading capacity limited by the
solubility of drug in lipid
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10. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)
o Imperfect type NLC
o Multiple type NLC
o Amorphous type NLC
Lipid drug conjugates (LDC)
o For lipophobic drug molecules
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11. < 50nm
Highly porous framework
Invading deeper parts of body
Phenytoin, cisplatin, diclofenac,
heparin are examples of drugs
delivered by silica materials
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12. Size 130nm
Use for cancer treatment
Relay on enhanced permeability and
retention effect
Suitable for delivering enzymatic
degradation susceptible materials
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13. Small particle size
Controlled drug release rate
High drug loading capacity
Biochemically inert and non toxic
Physically and chemically stable
Restricted drug distribution to
normal cells
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14. Active targeting
o Drug targeting by ultrasonic
energy and magnetic field
o Cell surface antigen should be
expressed
o Antibody and ligand as
targeting moiety
o Receptor-mediated endocytosis
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15. Passive targeting
o Physical targeting
o Direct drug injection and
catheterization
o Spontaneous drug
accumulation in areas with
leaky vasculature
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17. Cancer
o Ethylene glycol molecules attach to
nanoparticles that deliver therapeutic
drugs
o Or coating nanoparticles with
membrane from RBCs
o Photosensitizing agents
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18. Heart diseases
o Clot busting
o Inflamed tissue such as arterial plaque
Diabetic mellitus
o Nanoparticles contain both insulin and an
enzyme
Autoimmune diseases
o Nanoparticles deliver antigens
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19. Neurologic disorders
o Cross the blood brain barrier(BBB)
Aging
o The contents of the nanoparticle released
when an enzyme found in aging cells is
present
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21. Controlled and sustained release
No wastage of drug
No side effects
Provide comfort and compliance
Longer circulation half-lives
High cell uptake
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22. Expensive
Small size and large surface area can
lead to particle aggregation
Limited drug loading
Highly sophisticated technology
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