The document discusses nanotechnology and its applications in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. It provides definitions and history of nanotechnology. It describes various nanostructures used for drug delivery such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, etc. It discusses how nanotechnology can help in targeted drug delivery, overcoming drug resistance and reducing toxicity. The document also discusses use of nanotechnology in cosmetics for delivery of active ingredients to deeper skin layers and for UV protection.

2. Group A
MD.Moshiur Rahman 07 (2047)
Mehnaz jahan 02(2042)
Afjal hossain 03(2043)
Nipa Akter 04(2044)
Kaniz fatema 08(2048)
Samnhan afroze 12(2052)
Sohana amrin 15(2055)
Prosenjit paul 13(2053)

3. Content
Nano Technology
-History
Nanotechnology in Drug delivery system
Types of Nano particle.
Solid lipid nanoparticles
NanoLiposomes .
Polymeric nanoparticles
Pharmaceutical aspect of Nanotechnology.
Cosmetics Nanotechnology.

4. Nanotechnology
• Nanotechnology (sometimes shortened to "nanotech") is the
study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale.
Generally, nanotechnology deals with developing materials,
devices, or other structures possessing at least one dimension
sized from 1 to 100 nanometers.
 Defination: The manipulation of matter with at –least one dimension
sized between 1 to 100 nanometers (by National Nanotechnology
Initiative)
 Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines
and techniques, in order to solve a problem or perform a specific
function.

5. History
Richard Feynman Father of
Nanotechnology. He laid
foundation step of nanotechnology
in his lecture on “there is plenty of
room at the bottom”. (1959)
 Term was given by Nario Taniguchi
and popularized by Drexler

6. History
• The nanotechnology that has become so popular in the last decade has its origin
back in 1959 when the American physicist and later Nobel laureate gave the lecture
"There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom". In it, he dealt with the possible influence
of molecules of the order of atoms.
• The term nanotechnology itself was first used by the Japanese professor Norio
Taniguchi in 1974 in a contribution to semiconductor processes and possible
applications.
• The imagination thus aroused by the researchers finally led to the development of
the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981, for which the physicists Binning and
Rohrer were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1986.

7. History
The early 2000s also saw the beginnings of commercial
applications of nanotechnology, although these were
limited to bulk application of nanomaterials .
 Silver nano platform for using silver- nanoparticles as an
antibacterial agent , nano-particle-based transparent
sunscreens, and carbon nanotubes for stain-resistant
textiles.

8. Some significant achievements of Nano-
Devices
Development of one dose a day ciprofloxacin using
nanotechnology
Tumor targeted taxol delivery using nanoparticles in Phase
2 clinical trial stage .
Improved ophthalmic delivery formulation using smart
hydrogel nanoparticles
 Oral insulin formulation using nanoparticles carriers.
Liposomal based Amphotericin B formulation

9. Nanorobots:Medicine of the
Future
 Nanorobots are Nanodevices that will be used for the
purpose of maintaining and protecting the human body
against pathogens.
 They will have a diameter of about 0.5 to 3 microns and
will be constructed out of parts with dimensions in the
range of 1 to 100 nanometers
 MIT looked into how to mass-produce cell-sized robots
The University of Pennsylvania is working on nanobots that
could even eliminate dental plaque.
 Researchers at Arizona State University and the Chinese
Academy of Sciences’ National Center for Nanoscience and
Technology recently tested nanobots to fight cancerous
cells in mice.

10. Nanotechnology in Drugs(Cancer)
 Provide new options for drug delivery and drug
therapies.
 Enable drugs to be delivered to precisely the right
location in the body and release drug doses on a
predetermined schedule for optimal treatment.
 Attach the drug to a nanosized carrier.They become
localized at the disease site, i.e cancer tumour.
 Then they release medicine that kills the tumour.
 Current treatment is through radiotherapy or
chemotherapy.
 Nanobots can clear the blockage in arteries.

11. Nanotechnology Based DDS
 Conventional drug delivery systems or dosage forms suffer from
many limitations such as lack of target specificity, high rate of
drug metabolism, cytotoxicity, high dose requirement, poor
patient compliance etc.
 Nanotechnology enabled drug delivery system with optimized
physical, chemical and biological properties can serve as effective
delivery tools for currently available bioactives.
 Some nanobased drug delivery tools are polymeric nanoparticles,
liposome, dendrimer, polymeric micelles, polymer-drug
conjugates,

12. Nanotechnology Based Drug Delivery System
 Nanoparticles used as drug delivery vehicles are generally below 100
nm , and are coated with different biodegradable materials such as
natural or synthetic polymers (PEG,PVA,PLGA,etc.), lipids, or metals ,
it plays significant role on cancer treatment as well as it holds
tremendous potential as an effective drug delivery system.
 A targeted drug delivery system (TDDS) is which releases the drug in a controlled
manner. Nanosystems with different compositions and biological properties have
been extensively investigated for drug and gene delivery applications.
 To achieve efficient drug delivery it is important to understand the interactions of
Nano materials with the biological environment, targeting cell-surface receptors,
drug release, multiple drug administration, stability of therapeutic agents.

13. Nanotechnology Based DDS
• Several anti-cancer drugs including paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-
fluorouracil and dexamethasone have been successfully formulated
using nanomaterials.
• Polylactic/glycolic acid (PLGA) and polylactic acid (PLA) based nanoparticles have
been formulated to encapsulate dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid with an
intracellular site of action.
• These drug-loaded nanoparticles formulations that release higher
doses of drug for prolonged period of time completely inhibited
proliferation of vascular smooth musclecells.
• Colloidal drug delivery modalities such as liposomes, micelles or
nanoparticles have been intensively investigated for their usein

14. Nanotechnology Based DDS(cancer)
• Too often, chemotherapy fails to cure cancer because some tumor
cells develop resistance to multiple anticancer drugs.
• In most cases, resistance develops when cancer cells begin expressing
a protein, known as p-glycoprotein that is capable of pumping
anticancer drugs out of a cell as quickly as they cross through the
cell's outer membrane.
• New research shows that nanoparticles may be able to get anticancer
drugs into cells without triggering the p-glycoprotein pump.

15. Implantable delivery systems
 Nanotechnology is opening up new opportunities in implantable
delivery systems by virtue of its size, controlled and approximately
zero order release which other wise may cause toxicity when
compared to intravenous administration (due to first order drug
kinetics).
 Some pharmaceutical novel nano drug vascular carriers like
liposome, ethosome and trnasferosome and some implant chips have
been envisaged recently, which may help in minimizing peak plasma
levels and reduce the risk of adverse reactions, allow for more
predictable and extended duration of action, reduce the frequency of
re-dosing and improve patient acceptance and compliance.

16. Nano vs Traditional DDS
Criteria Traditional Nano
Efficacy Drug concentration in
affected site is low .
Drug conectration in affected
site is more optimize.
Dosage Release Higher initial dosage required
NO control ability.
Able to control dosage by
trigger , requirement & even
time release.
Specificity Drugs will pass through
unaffected sites before
reaching affected site
Delivered in more targeted
manner to the affected site.
Side Effect Inevitable exposure of
unaffected sites in drugs
Lesser exposure of unaffected
sites to drugs.

17. Nano Particle
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging from
1 to 1000nm in size , they consist of macromolecular
materials in which the active ingredients (drug or
biologically active material) is dissolve , entrapped , or
encapsulated or absorbed.
The colloidal carrier are based on biodegradable and
biocompatible polymeric systems like liposomes,
nanoparticles and micro emulsion have largely influenced
the controlled and targeted drug delivery concept.
Nanoparticles are sub-nanosized colloidal structures
composed of synthetic or semi-synthetic polymers.

18. Types of Nano particles
Liposomes .
Solid Nanoparticle .
Polymeric nanoparticles.
Nanocapsules .
Nanospheres.
Dendrimers .
Nanotube .
 Nanowire .
Nanocrystals .

19. NANOPARTICLES
Solid lipid nanoparticles: The solid lipid nanoparticles(SLN’s)
are submicron colloidal carriers which are composed of
physiological lipid, dispersed in water or in an aqueous
surfactant solution.
They consist of macromolecular materials in which the
active principle is dissolved, entrapped, and or to which the
active principle is adsorbed or attached. No potential toxicity
problems as organic solvents are not used. SLNs are
spherical in shape & diameter range from 10-1000nm. To
overcome the disadvantages associated with the liquid state
of the oil droplets, the liquid lipid was replaced by a solid
lipid shown

20. Advantages of SLNs:
Control & target drug release
Increased drug stability
High & enhanced drug content
Feasible for carrying both lipophilic &
hydrophilic drug
Excellent biocompatibility
Water based technology
Easy to scale up & sterlize

21. Nanoliposomes Nanoliposomes- nanometric version of liposomes.
 These are phospholipid vesicles with a size range of 50-100 nm
with features of good biocompatibility and entrapment
efficiency. These are used for passive and active delivery of
gene, protein and peptides
 Bilayer lipid vesicles- hydrophilic head and hydrophobic fatty
acid tail
 Composed of phospholipids -Are useful in areas of drug delivery,
as diagnostic agent and in food industries
 However, nanoliposomes provide more surface area and have
the potential to increase solubility, enhance bioavailability,
improve controlled release of the encapsulated material to a
greater extent.
 Useful for cosmetic delivery applications.
 Used for delivering vitamins A and E and antioxidants into the
skin.

22. Nano particles
 Nanocapsules: Nanocapsules are systems in which the drug
is confined to a cavity surrounded by a unique polymer
memebrane.
 Polymeric nanoparticles They have a size range of 10-1000
nm and are biocompatible and biodegradable providing
complete drug protection. They are used as carriers for
controlled and sustained delivery of drugs. They can be
either nanospheres or nanocapsules. Two main strategies
used for preparation of polymeric nanoparticles are the
“top-down” approach and the “bottom-up” approach. In
the top-down approach a dispersion of preformed polymers
produces polymeric nanoparticles, whereas in the bottom-
up approach polymerization of monomers leads to the
formation of polymeric nanoparticles.

23. Nano particles
 Nanospheres:Nanospheres are matrix systems in which the drug is
physically and uniformly dispersed.
 Nano crystalline materials: These are manufactured to act as
substitutes for the materials which have poor characteristics like
bioavailability, solubility, etc
• Dendrimers: Dendrimers have a size of <10 nm and are produced by
controlled polymerization. These are highly branched mono disperse
polymeric systems. Dendrimers are used for controlled delivery of
drugs and for targeted delivery of drugs to macrophages and liver

24. Use of nanotechnology for delivery
Nanoliposomes and Nanoniosomes are
used in the cosmetic industry as delivery
vehicles.
 Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and
nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have
been found to be better performers than
liposomes .
NLCs have been identified as a potential
next generation cosmetic delivery agent that
can provide enhanced skin hydration,
bioavailability, stability of the agent and
controlled occlusion.

25. Advantages of Nanoparticle
Nanoparticles reduces dosing frequency & have
higher
Feasibility of variables routes of administration.
Nanoparticles can also be used for controlled
delivery of drugs.
Nanoparticle drug carriers have higher stabilities.
Nanoparticle are biodegradable, non-toxic & capable
of being stored for longer period.
Feasibility of incorporation of both hydrophilic &
hydrophobic substances.

26. Nanoparticles as UV Filters
Zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2)
particles have been widely used for many years as
UV filters in sunscreens.
 Products using nanoparticles of ZnO or TiO2 are
transparent so have increased aesthetic appeal,
are less smelly, less greasy and more absorbable
by the skin.
Many sunscreens and moisturizers available
now use these nanoparticles, including products
from Boots, Avon, The Body Shop, L'Oreal, Nivea
and Unilever.Example : UV Pearls, Cool Pears, etc.

27. Pharmaceutical aspect of Nanotechnlogy
 Improve performance of DDS (drug targeting ,prolonged action ,increase
stability)
 Characterization (particle Morphology, Rheological behavior,)
 Advance Diagnosis
 Effective Chemotherapeutic Drugs.
 Reduced the toxicity and side effects of drugs.
 Drug discovery.
 Biosensor
 Avoidance of Multi drug resistance
 Targeted drug delivery to overcome the low selectiveness of the medicaments
 Prolonged drug action and controlled release
 Nano medicne
 Nano robots

28. Nanoemulsions
• Nanoemulsions are dispersions of nanoscale droplets
of one liquid within another.
• A typical nanoemulsion contains oil, water and an
emulsifier.
• Nanoemulsions are commonly used in certain
cosmetic products, such as conditioners or lotions to
be applied to the skin and hair.
• NEs support the skin penetration of active
ingredients and thus increase their concentration in
the skin.
• NE may reduce the trans-epidermal water loss.
L’Oreal own several patents on nanoemulsion based
technologies. • Example : Kemira Nanogel.

29. Nanotechnology in Cosmetics
 L'Oreal has managed to deliver active ingredients into the
deeper layers of skin with the use of polymer nanocapsules. An
anti-wrinkle cream Plentitude Revitalift, which used
nanoparticles, was released in 1998.
 Freeze 24/7, a new skincare line against wrinkles is planning to
use nanotechnology in future products.
 Colorescience sells a powder named Sunforgettable, which
contains titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
 DDF planned more anti-aging products using nanotechnology as
of 2004.
 In 2003 Paris-based Caudalie released its sunscreen Vinosun
Anti-Aging Suncare, an anti-aging treatment, which applies
"nanomized" UV filters and antioxidants.

30. Nanotechnology in Cosmetics
 PureOlogy have been working with nano-
emulsions since 2000, when the founder of
the company started developing a product line
for color treated hair.
 In 2005 Procter & Gamble's Olay brand was
developed with nanoemulsion technology.
 Some other companies using nanotechnology
in their skin products: Neutrogena, from
Johnson & Johnson; Mary Kay and Clinique
from Lauder; Avon; and the Estee Lauder
brand.