The document discusses regulations for drug submissions and applications in the US and other countries. It covers the major regulatory bodies like the FDA and EMA. It then focuses on the different types of applications filed with the FDA - Drug Master Files (DMF), Investigational New Drug Application (IND), New Drug Application (NDA), and Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA). The ANDA process for generic drugs is summarized, including requirements for bioequivalence testing and patent certification in the Orange Book.

1. US SubmissionsBy,CHANDRAMOHAN

2. • INTRODUCTION (Regulated Countries and Regulatory Bodies)
• USFDA FILING (Types of Applications)
 Drug Master File (DMF)
 Investigational New Drug Application (IND)
 New Drug Application (NDA)
 Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)

3. REGULATED COUNTRIES
Regulated market comprises of the following:
1. U.S.A.
2. Europe (28 EU nations)
3. Canada
4. Australia
5. New Zealand
6. Singapore
7. Japan
8. South Africa

4. SEMI REGULATED COUNTRIES
The semi regulated markets comprises of the Rest of the World namely:
1. Asia (Srilanka, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines,Vietnam)
2. Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, Algeria, Zambia)
3. Middle East (Gulf Co-operation Council countries i.e. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE)
4. Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Panama, Peru, Guatemala, Argentina, Chile,
Dominican Republic)
5. Russia CIS (common wealth of independent states)

5. REGULATORY BODIES (REGULATED MARKETS)
1) U.S.A. – United States Food Department & Administration (FDA)
Europe:
2) U.K.– MHRA (Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agencies)
3) Germany – Bfarm
4) Sweden – Medical Product Agency
5) Ireland – HSE (Health Safety Executive)
6) Netherlands – MEB (Medicines evaluation Board)
7) France – HAS (Haute Authorite de Sante)

6. COUNTRY
FOOD / DRUG REGULATORY AUTHORITIES /
AGENCIES
WEBPAGE/LINK
EUROPE European Medicine Agency http://www.emea.eu.int
CANADA Health Canada http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca
AUSTRALIA Therapeutic Goods Administration http://www.tga.gov.au
NEW ZEALAND
Australia New Zealand Joint Therapeutic Products
Agency Health and Ageing
http://www.tgamedsafe.org
Medsafe http://www.medsafe.govt.nz
SINGAPORE (ASEAN MEMBER) Ministry of Health http://www.hsa.gov.sg
JAPAN National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) http://www.nihs.go.jp
SOUTH AFRICA Medicines Control Council http://www.mccza.com/
INDIA Central Drugs Standard Control Organization http://www.cdsco.nic.in
CHINA State Food and Drug Administration http://www.sfda.gov.cn
HONG KONG Department of Health: Pharmaceutical Services http://www.psdh.gov.hk
ISRAEL Ministry of Health http://www.health.gov.il

7. COUNTRY
FOOD / DRUG REGULATORY AUTHORITIES /
AGENCIES
WEBPAGE/LINK
PHILIPPINES (ASEAN MEMBER) Bureau of Food and Drugs http://www.bfad.gov.ph
MALAYSIA (ASEAN MEMBER) Ministry of Health http://dph.gov.my
MYANMAR (ASEAN MEMBER) Ministry of Health http://www.dph.gov.my
POLAND Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publiccznego http://www.il.waw.pl
SINGAPORE (ASEAN MEMBER) Ministry of Health http://www.hsa.gov.sg
TAIWAN Bureau of Food and Drug Analysis http://www.nlfd.gov.tw
THAILAND (ASEAN MEMBER) Food and Drug Administration http://www.fda.moph.go.th/
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Ministry of Health http://www.moh.gov.ae
VIETNAM (ASEAN MEMBER) Boy te Ministry of Health http://www.moh.gov.vn

8. USFDA

9. TYPES OF APPLICATIONS
 DRUG MASTER FILE (DMF)
 INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG APPLICATION (IND)
 NEW DRUG APPLICATION (NDA)
 ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG APPLICATION (ANDA)

10. DRUG MASTER FILE (DMF)
• DMF is a submission to the FDA
• Usually concerning the CMC of a component of a drug product
• There is no legal or regulatory requirement to file a DMF
• Normally the CMC for a compendial excipient is not reviewed
• The DMF will be reviewed ONLY when it is referenced in an Application or another
DMF
• The holder MUST submit an LOA (2 copies) to the DMF
• THEN send a copy to the APPLICANT
• The applicant submits copy of LOA in their Application. This is the ONLY mechanism
to trigger review of the DMF

11. Types of DMFs
Originally Five Types
I - Manufacturing plant information (No longer acceptable by FDA)
II - Drug substance, drug substance intermediates and material used in their manufacture
III - Packaging material
IV - Excipients, colorant, flavor
V - FDA accepted reference information (FDA discourages its use)

12. Who is Who?
• The person or company who submits a DMF is the HOLDER
• The person or company who represents a DMF HOLDER is the AGENT
• The person or company who references the DMF is the APPLICANT or the
CUSTOMER or the AUTHORIZED PARTY (AP)
Reason for DMF
• To Maintain confidentiality of proprietary information (e.g., Manufacturing
procedure) for the holder
• Permit review of information by reviewers in the CDER to support applications
submitted by one or more applicants

15. INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG APPLICATION (IND)
 Means through which the sponsor technically obtains exemption from the FDA
to distribute or transport the new drug under evaluation
 Application must contain the following information:
 Manufacturing information
 Animal Pharmacology & Toxicology Studies
 Clinical protocols and Investigator information
 Once the IND is submitted, the sponsor must wait 30 calendar days before
initiating any clinical trials

16. NEW DRUG APPLICATION (NDA)
 Means through which the drug sponsor seek approval from the FDA to sale & market a
new pharmaceutical in US
 Factors considered by FDA reviewer to reach the following key decisions:
 Whether the drug is safe and effective in its proposed use(s), and whether the benefits of the
drug outweigh the risks.
 Whether the drug's proposed labeling (package insert) is appropriate, and what it should
contain.
 Whether the methods used in manufacturing the drug and the controls used to maintain the
drug's quality are adequate to preserve the drug's identity, strength, quality, and purity.
 Human Clinical Trials data becomes part of NDA

17. ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG APPLICATION (ANDA)
 Means through which the applicant seek approval from the FDA to manufacture
and market a safe, effective, low cost alternative (the generic drug ) in US
 Termed as abbreviated because the preclinical (animal) and clinical (human)
data to establish safety and effectiveness is not needed

18. WHAT IS A GENERIC DRUG?
 Generic products rely on the findings of safety and efficacy of the innovator
drug after expiration of certain patents and exclusivities
 Generic drugs are copy versions of brand drugs.
 Generic drugs are safe and effective alternatives to branded drugs.
 “Equal quality” at “Low cost”
 Therapeutically equivalent = Phamraceutical equivalent + Bio equivalent

19. GENERIC DRUG REVIEW
1. Pharmaceutical Equivalence: The generic drug must have
• same active ingredient(s)
• same labeled strength
• same dosage form
• same administration
2. The drug company must show the generic drug is “Bioequivalent” to the brand-name drug
• active ingredient works in the same way
• active ingredient works in the same amount of time

20. GENERIC DRUG REVIEW
3. The generic drug’s labeling must be basically the same as that of the approved brand-
name drug (RLD)
4. The drug company must:
• fully document the generic drug’s chemistry, manufacturing steps, and quality control
measures
• detail each step of the process
5. The raw materials and the finished product must meet USP specifications, if applicable

21. GENERIC DRUG REVIEW
6. The drug company must:
• show that its generic drug maintains stability as labeled before it can be sold
• continue to monitor drug’s stability
7. The drug company must:
• comply with federal regulations for cGMPs
• give a full description of the facilities it uses to manufacture, process, test, package,
label, and control the drug
8. Inspection at the proposed manufacturing site ensures that the firm:
• is capable of meeting commitments of the application
• can manufacture the product consistently
• USFDA visits every two years

22. FDA REQUIREMENTS
Brand Name Drug
NDA Requirements
1. Chemistry
2. Manufacturing
3. Controls
4. Labeling
5. Testing
6. Animal Studies
7. Clinical Studies
Generic Drug
ANDA Requirements
1. Chemistry
2. Manufacturing
3. Controls
4. Labeling
5. Testing
6. Bioequivalence

23. ANDA
Y
N
N
Y Y YY
Generic
Drug Review
Process
Bioequivalence
Review
Labeling ReviewChemistry & Micro
Review
Request for Plant
Inspection
APPLICANT
Acceptable &
Complete
Application Review
N Chem/Micro
OK?
Labeling
OK?
Bioequivalence
OK?
PreApproval
Inspection Results
OK?
Not Approvable
Letter
Approval
Withheld until
Results
Satisfactory
Bio Deficiency
Letter
APPROVED
ANDA
NN
Refuse to Receive
Letter

24. ORANGE BOOK
• All FDA approved drug products listed (NDA’s,
OTC’s & ANDA’s)
– Therapeutic equivalence codes
“A” = Substitutable
“B” = Inequivalent, NOT Substitutable
– Expiration dates: patent and exclusivity
– Reference Listed Drugs/brand drugs identified by
FDA for generic companies to compare with their
proposed products

25. PATENT CERTIFICATION
A certification on patent situation referred in Orange book
This certification must state one of the following:
PARA I : No patent information on the drug product
PARA II : The listed patents have expired
PARA III : The patent will expire on a stated date and generics will be launched
upon expiration
PARA IV : The listed patents are invalid, not infringed or not enforceable by the
manufacture, use or sale of the generic drug.

26. PATENT CERTIFICATION

27. REWARD TO 1ST ANDA FILER
• First ANDA filer with Paragraph IV - 180 day exclusivity period
• No other ANDA approval for subsequent generics for 180 days
• Measured from the earlier date of marketing or court decision

28. POST-APPROVAL CHANGES
• Level I (Minor) change
• Level II (Moderate) change
• Level III (Major) change
• Chemistry (A/C test, Stability)
• In Vitro dissolution/release
• In Vivo bioequivalence test / IVIVC
• Annual report
• Change being effected supplement
• Prior approval supplement
Level of
Change
Tests
Filing