US CH 14 (Inventions and Innovations)
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The document provides a quiz covering topics about Native Americans and innovations during the market revolution. It includes 10 multiple choice questions about policies affecting Native Americans, parts of buffalo used by Native Americans, and battles involving Native Americans. The second half discusses innovations like the telegraph, steam engine, railroads, oil drilling, steel production, light bulb, telephone, airplane, and their impacts on communication, transportation, industry, and daily life. Key inventors are named like Morse, Watt, Fulton, Trevithick, Edison, Bell, and the Wright Brothers.
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Eoct review questions gps 11 14 industrialization expansion progressive era i...
1) Andrew Carnegie dominated the steel industry in the late 19th century through his company Carnegie Steel. Use of the Bessemer process allowed him to produce steel much cheaper, making it more widely used in infrastructure like railroads and skyscrapers.
2) Railroads expanded greatly due to steel, facilitating westward expansion and economic growth by connecting farms and industries across long distances. They relied on steel produced cheaply by Carnegie.
3) Chinese and Irish immigrants faced difficult and dangerous conditions building the transcontinental railroad but were essential to its completion in 1869, connecting the country by rail coast to coast.
Westward migration and growth of the united states(benedick)
Westward expansion in the United States was driven by opportunities for land ownership and new beginnings. The concept of Manifest Destiny held that it was America's destiny to expand across the continent. Settlers faced obstacles in the Great Plains like lack of water and wood, but technological advances like railroads, barbed wire, steel plows, and windmills helped overcome these challenges and opened the Plains to farming. Farmers adapted techniques such as sod houses, dry farming, cattle ranching, and wheat farming to the harsh environment. However, expansion displaced Native Americans and led to conflicts as settlers took over their lands.
Unit 02 settlement of the west
The document discusses the settlement of the West, including the construction of the transcontinental railroad in the United States in the 1860s-1870s. It describes the roles of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads in building east and west, and their use of Irish and Chinese immigrant laborers. On May 10, 1869 the railroads were joined at Promontory Point, Utah, marking the completion of the first transcontinental railroad.
Westward Expansion
This document provides an overview of lessons from a 2014-2015 curriculum at Bryson Elementary School about westward expansion. Lesson 1 discusses how the natural environment affected travel to the West. Lesson 2 examines how railroads influenced western development. Lesson 3 explores the lives of different groups that lived in the West, including homesteaders on the Great Plains who faced challenges in harsh conditions. Lesson 4 considers how westward expansion impacted Native Americans.
Powerpoint tech
The document summarizes the construction of the transcontinental railroad in the United States in the late 1800s. It describes how the Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad raced to meet in the middle, connecting the eastern and western United States by rail. It discusses the workers who built each railroad, conflicts with Native Americans whose way of life was disrupted, and the decline of the American bison population. The completion of the railroad in 1869 marked a major change in transportation and westward expansion in the United States.
Chapter 14 north and south
The document summarizes how new inventions and technologies transformed manufacturing, farming, and transportation in the North during this time period. Key inventions included the sewing machine, steel plow, mechanical reaper, telegraph, and steam-powered locomotive. These innovations increased productivity but railroads initially faced problems with safety, reliability and resistance from competing industries. Railroads and clipper ships then helped grow Northern commerce by connecting cities and markets and increasing trade overseas, while steam power allowed factories to be built anywhere.
Westward expansion
The document discusses factors that contributed to westward expansion in the United States between 1820-1890, including Manifest Destiny, the discovery of gold in California, the Homestead Act of 1862, and the building of the transcontinental railroad. It describes how the railroad transformed travel across North America from a months-long, dangerous journey to a week-long trip, enabling more extensive settlement of the western territories and fulfilling Manifest Destiny. Key events discussed include the driving of the Golden Spike in 1869 uniting the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads and establishing the first transcontinental railroad line across North America.
Final reasons for westward expansion
The document discusses several key reasons for Westward expansion in the United States between 1880-1900. It describes opportunities for free land ownership through the Homestead Act of 1862, which allowed anyone to claim 160 acres if they lived on and improved the land. Technological advances like the Transcontinental Railroad, completed in 1869, made travel to the West much faster. The possibility of striking it rich in gold or silver mines also drew many prospectors and miners westward to places experiencing gold rushes like California, Colorado and Nevada. Freed slaves and former slaves also migrated west seeking a new beginning and escape from racial oppression and violence in the southern states.
5.2 the development of the american railroads
The development of the transcontinental railroad in the United States was driven by the concept of Manifest Destiny and the desire to connect the eastern and western parts of the country. The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 granted funding and land subsidies to the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads to build the line. These companies engaged in a race to complete as much track as possible, employing various workers including ex-soldiers, immigrants, and using new technologies like dynamite. The Last Spike was driven in 1869 in Promontory, Utah connecting the continental United States by rail for the first time. The railroad transformed the country by facilitating transportation and settlement of the West.
Hw#27 industrialization
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread to the United States in the early 19th century, fueled by available investment capital. Factories and mills proliferated in northern US states, which had natural resources like iron and coal and access to rivers for transportation. The US Civil War further accelerated industrialization as both sides needed weapons and supplies. After the war, the transcontinental railroad and waves of immigration connected markets and provided workers, driving continued economic growth and establishing America as a major industrial power.
Westward Expansion
The document discusses the transcontinental railroad in the United States. It describes how the Pony Express and telegraph led to the need for a railroad connecting the east and west coasts. The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 provided funding for the Union Pacific Railroad to build west from Omaha, Nebraska and the Central Pacific Railroad to build east from Sacramento, California. Immigrant workers, including many Chinese immigrants, provided much of the labor needed to complete the railroad. The two lines met at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869 where the final spike was driven, uniting the country by rail.
AHSGE Social Studies Ch.7 Exansion and Industrialzation 1865-1914
The document discusses key events and developments during American industrialization and expansion in the late 19th century, including:
1) Important inventions like the Bessemer Process for steel production, the steel plow, barbed wire, and the transcontinental railroad that aided western expansion.
2) The rise of industrialists like John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and Cornelius Vanderbilt and their monopolistic business practices.
3) Social and legal issues surrounding the rapid urbanization, immigration, and formation of unions during this time period.
Final reasons for westward expansion 2015
The document summarizes five key reasons for Westward Expansion in the United States during the late 19th century:
1. The Homestead Act of 1862 provided opportunities for settlers to claim ownership of 160 acres of free land if they made improvements, encouraging migration. Inventions like sod houses, windmills, steel plows, and barbed wire helped homesteaders fulfill requirements.
2. The passage of the Pacific Railway Act in 1862 launched construction of the transcontinental railroad, uniting the country by rail and facilitating travel and transport.
3. The possibility of striking gold or silver drew prospectors to mines in places like California, Colorado, and Nevada, establishing new settlements and wealth.
From revolution to civil war
The document summarizes key developments in the United States between 1790-1860, including territorial expansion, economic growth driven by industrialization and slavery, increasing population including immigration and the slave trade, and rising tensions between the North and South over the issues of slavery and states' rights. Transportation networks like canals, railroads, and telegraph played a major role in connecting the growing country and supporting economic activity.
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Eoct review questions gps 11 14 industrialization expansion progressive era i...
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Westward migration and growth of the united states(benedick)
Westward migration and growth of the united states(benedick)
AHSGE Social Studies Ch.7 Exansion and Industrialzation 1865-1914
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Us ch14 sec3 BIg Business
Andrew Carnegie founded the Carnegie Steel Company and practiced vertical integration, consolidating all stages of steel production. John D. Rockefeller formed the Standard Oil Company and achieved a monopoly on the oil industry through horizontal integration and buying out competitors. Cornelius Vanderbilt built his wealth in shipping and railroads through consolidation of different companies. These businessmen faced opposition from labor unions who organized strikes to demand better working conditions, including an 8-hour workday and bans on child labor. The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire that killed 146 workers led to new safety regulations.
Us ch 14 Invention
The document summarizes key inventions and innovations from the late 19th century that fueled industrialization in the United States. It describes:
1) Edwin Drake drilling the first commercial oil well in the 1850s, providing a major new fuel source that powered transportation and industry.
2) Bessemer process in the 1860s enabling mass production of stronger and cheaper steel, allowing skyscrapers and bridges to be built.
3) Thomas Edison's innovations in the late 1870s-1880s including the light bulb and first power company, though power could not be sent long distances yet.
4) George Westinghouse developing the first power system that could send electricity across many miles in the 1880
The underground railroad
The document summarizes key events leading up to the American Civil War, including the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, and Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 which prompted several Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America. Sectional tensions over the issue of slavery and its expansion into new territories increased political polarization and ultimately led to the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861.
US CH 34 Bush_ Clinton 2019
The document provides details about several significant events that occurred between 1990-2001, including:
1) The Persian Gulf War in 1991 where a US-led coalition launched Operation Desert Storm to liberate Kuwait after it was invaded by Iraq.
2) Several environmental and transportation disasters such as the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 and the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion in 1986.
3) The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks where hijacked planes crashed into the World Trade Center towers, the Pentagon, and a field in Pennsylvania, killing nearly 3,000 people.
US CH 33 Reagan 2019
This document summarizes many events and issues during Ronald Reagan's presidency from 1980 to 1988. It discusses the rise of conservative politics and policies like Reaganomics. It also covers social issues, foreign policy events like the Iran-Contra affair and the end of the Cold War, and the fall of communism in Europe.
US CH 32 Carter 2019
Gerald Ford became President after Nixon resigned due to the Watergate scandal. Ford pardoned Nixon to help the country move past Watergate. He also signed laws increasing campaign finance regulations and government ethics oversight. Jimmy Carter focused on the energy crisis and reducing US dependence on foreign oil through conservation and the National Energy Act. Carter advanced human rights both domestically by appointing more minorities and women, and internationally by cutting aid to rights-abusing countries. He helped broker the Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt. The 1970s also saw environmental concerns rise with events like the publication of Silent Spring and the creation of the EPA. The Three Mile Island incident highlighted issues with nuclear energy safety.
WH WWII Europe
Hitler took advantage of Britain and France's appeasement policies to aggressively expand German territory. Between 1936-1939, Germany annexed the Rhineland, Austria, the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia, and invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia. In 1939, Germany signed a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union to divide Poland between them, and invaded Poland from the west while the Soviets invaded from the east, marking the start of World War II. Germany then launched surprise Blitzkrieg attacks to quickly conquer Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France by June 1940.
WH WWII Dictators
Totalitarian governments led by dictators rose to power in Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union in the early 20th century. Joseph Stalin established a communist totalitarian state in the Soviet Union through collectivization of farms and purges that killed millions. Benito Mussolini created a fascist state in Italy and invaded Ethiopia. Adolf Hitler rose to power in Germany through his charismatic speeches and established the Nazi Party as a totalitarian dictatorship. In Japan, militarism increased under Prime Minister Hideki Tojo as Japan expanded its empire into Manchuria and China. The League of Nations failed to stop several acts of aggression in the 1930s.
US CH 31 Nixon 2019
The document summarizes key events and social movements in the US during the 1960s and 1970s. It discusses the counterculture movement and Woodstock festival. It also covers the rise of feminism and the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision. The Watergate scandal is described in detail, including the break-in, cover-up attempts, investigations, and Nixon's eventual resignation. Economic issues like stagflation and OPEC are briefly touched on. Environmental concerns and events like Three Mile Island are also mentioned.
US_CH 30 Vietnam War 2019
The document provides information about a CH 28 quiz covering topics related to the Vietnam War era. It discusses key events and policies of the Vietnam War such as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, Operation Rolling Thunder, the Tet Offensive, and anti-war protests. It also summarizes strategies used in the war like search and destroy missions, the use of body counts, and the challenges of fighting in the jungle terrain against guerilla warfare tactics. Domestic impacts of the war such as the growing divide between war hawks and doves and protests on college campuses are also addressed.
WH CH 29 WWI The Great War
The document summarizes the long term causes and events leading up to World War I. It discusses the rise of nationalism, imperialism, and militarism in the late 19th century. It also describes the system of alliances between European powers. The immediate trigger of the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist. This caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia and triggered the web of alliances that drew other European powers into the growing conflict. By August 1914, Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria had formed the Central Powers against the Allied Powers of Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and later the United States.
WH CH 22 Scientific Revolution
The document discusses René Descartes and his contributions to philosophy and science during the Scientific Revolution. Descartes established modern philosophy and analytic geometry. He wrote Discourse on Method where he argued that nothing should be accepted on faith and everything must be doubted until proven through reason. His most famous conclusion was "I think, therefore I am", establishing that he knows he exists through his ability to think and doubt.
WH Minoans
The Minoans lived on the island of Crete from around 2000-1400 BC. As a seafaring people, they relied heavily on trade since local agriculture could not sustain their population. They exported fine pottery and spread their unique architecture, art, and religious practices throughout the Mediterranean, acting as a "stepping stone" for cultural exchange. Minoan society was possibly matriarchal, as evidenced by frescoes depicting women in positions of power and authority equal to men. Their capital of Knossos was ruled by King Minos and was notable for lacking fortifications. The Minoan civilization ultimately declined after a major volcanic eruption destroyed their navy and trade networks, leaving them vulnerable to invasion by the
WH CH 27 Imperialism
1. European nations colonized Africa in the late 19th century for economic and strategic reasons, seeking raw materials and new markets.
2. At the Berlin Conference, European powers divided Africa among themselves without regard for existing African political systems and identities.
3. Colonization had both positive and negative effects in Africa. It introduced technologies but also disrupted existing societies and economies, often to the detriment of local populations.
WH CH 23 French Revolution
The document summarizes the key events of the French Revolution from the late 18th century. It describes the social inequality under the estates system, massive government debt due to lavish spending, and popular anger towards King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. This led to tensions that erupted in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille, declaring a constitutional monarchy, and the rise of radical Jacobins who overthrew the monarchy and established a republic. The reign of Maximilien Robespierre and the Reign of Terror followed, until he too was overthrown. Napoleon Bonaparte then seized power in a coup and established an empire, seeking to spread French ideals and power across Europe through military conquest.
WH CH 22 Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that emphasized reason, science, and individualism. Key figures like Copernicus, Galileo, Bacon, and Newton used careful observation and experimentation to challenge accepted beliefs and prove theories like heliocentrism and gravity. Meanwhile, philosophers such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau advocated for ideals like tolerance, liberty, and democracy based on logic and natural rights. The Scientific Revolution and Age of Reason transformed thought and helped ushered in principles of the modern world.
WH CH17 Renaissance
This document provides an overview of key people and events during the Renaissance period in Europe. It discusses early Italian Renaissance figures like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael. It then covers the Protestant Reformation sparked by Martin Luther and his 95 Theses. Key figures in the English Reformation like King Henry VIII and his wives are outlined. The effects of the English Reformation on later monarchs like Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I are summarized.
WH CH14 Hundred Years War
King Philip IV of France refused to obey Pope Boniface VIII, imprisoning the Pope who later died. This began the division of the Church. Philip persuaded cardinals to elect a French Pope who moved the papacy to Avignon, France, beginning the Avignon Papacy. Later, disputes led to the Great Schism with two competing popes. The Bubonic Plague arrived in Europe in 1347, killing around 25 million people and weakening the Church's authority. The Hundred Years' War then began between England and France over claims to the French throne, lasting from 1337 to 1453. Joan of Arc helped rally the French during the war through military victories before being captured and burned at the stake.
WH CH 6 Roman Empire
1. The Roman Empire split into western and eastern halves in 284 AD under Diocletian to more effectively administer its vast territory.
2. Constantine established Constantinople as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire in 330 AD, strengthening its dominance in the east.
3. The Western Roman Empire continued to weaken due to invasions and was sacked by barbarians in 410 AD, while the Eastern Empire lasted another 1000 years under Byzantine rule from Constantinople.
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US CH 14 (Inventions and Innovations)
- 1. QUIZ CH 13 1. Policy that Americanized the Native Americans 2. The region between Mississippi River and Rocky Mt. 3. Name two parts of the buffalo and its uses 4. Attempt in which a society becomes a part of another 5. Name two reason why the buffalo slowly vanished 6. Policy that gave away160 acres in the west to the settlers 7. Event that became the symbol of Natives Americans vanishing culture 8. General who lost his life because he underestimated the Native Americans 9. Name that Battle where the famous General lost his life 10. Public land set aside for the Natives 11. Sacred ritual of Natives as a call to their ancestors to bring their buffalo back
- 3. Market Revolution • People bought and sold goods rather than making them for their own use
- 4. Capitalism • Economic system in which private individuals and corporations control the means of production and use them to earn profit
- 5. Entrepreneurs • A person who organizes, operates, and assumes the risk for a business venture
- 6. Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 – Telegraph- speed up1840 – Telegraph- speed up communication, link regions ofcommunication, link regions of the countrythe country
- 7. James Watt • Steam engine used steam in a condenser
- 9. Robert Fulton 1807: The1807: The ClermontClermont Invented the first Steamboat- reduce travel time, can carry heavy goods, cheaper
- 11. The “Iron Horse” (1830) • The birth of locomotives- will change the way people travel
- 12. Richard Trevithick • The first steam locomotive
- 14. Travel: • Became faster, easier, cheaper • Lots of accident, break downs, and delays
- 15. Union Pacific Railroad (Nebraska) Central Pacific Railroad (California) · In 1863, two companies, the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific, competed to complete the first transcontinental railroad. X Workers: Chinese Workers: Irish Difficulty: Sierra Nevada Mt.
- 16. 16 The companies met at Promontory Point , Utah on May 10, 1869.
- 17. Black Gold • key commodity as a fuel source • Edwin L. Drake drilled the first commercial oil well using steam engine. • Major sources of energy from oil fueled a revolution in transportation and
- 18. Bessemer Process Raw Materials Example: Iron Ore Melting Hot air is pumped into a furnace, melting iron at Refining Impurities are removed Casting Liquid steel cast into billets and slabs Rolling Billets and slabs Rolled into finish product
- 19. Making Steel • The Bessemer process (Henry Bessemer) (air-boiling) – process of mass- production of steel from molten pig iron. • Durable, stronger, cheaper, flexible, does not rust
- 22. • Led to building skyscrapers, suspension bridges.
- 23. Thomas Alva Edison • more than 1,000 patents, • Perfected the incandescent light bulb • Introduced the uses of laboratory • “Genius is one percent inspiration and 99% perspiration” • created a power company to distribute electricity, but not over long distances.
- 25. George Westinghouse • built a power system that could send electricity many miles across the country. • Safer and cheaper
- 26. Positive Results: • Electric street cars • Electric appliances • Factories everywhere (instead of near water)
- 27. Alexander Graham Bell • Patented the first telephone • Led to advancement in communication
- 28. Airplanes • Orville & Wilbur Wright = 1st successful flight on December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina – covered 120ft and lasted 12 seconds. • By 1920, the Wright brothers increased their flights to 24 miles. • The U.S. government had established the first transcontinental airmail service.
- 29. Inventor Inventions Benefits Charles Goodyear (CH9) Elias Howe and I.M Singer (Ch 9) John Deere (Ch 9) Cyrus McCormick Christopher Sholes (Ch 14) George M. Pullman(Ch 14 C. F. Dowd (Ch 14 George Eastman (Ch 16 Frederick Law Olmstead (CH 16
- 30. Age of Railroad • Central Pacific – Sacramento, CA (West) – Used Chinese laborers – Obstacle: Mountains • Union Pacific – Nebraska (East) – Used Irish immigrant laborers – Only Great Plains ahead • Met and joined railroad in Promontory, Utah • Completed on May 10, 1869
- 31. Christopher Sholes • American inventor who invented the first practical typewriter and the QWERTY keyboard still in use today
- 32. Change workforce: more jobs for women
- 33. • Change workforce: more jobs for women
- 34. Time Zones • C.F. Dowd (1884) – Suggested 24 time zones – US has four major time zones • Central, Eastern, Pacific, Mountain
- 35. George Pullman • American inventor • First sleeping car • First hotel on wheels
- 36. Charles Goodyear • Developed vulcanized rubber
- 37. Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840s1840s Sewing MachineSewing Machine - Mass produce clothes- Mass produce clothes
- 38. John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837) Can slice through heavy soil, took less animal power to pull
- 39. Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831 Allowed farmers to do the work of five hired hands
- 41. George Stephenson • Opened the first public railroad line
- 42. George Eastman • Kodak camera – Opened photography to amateurs