Listen to in-depth explanations on how to choose the type of expansion joint that will best suit your system. Learn about the bellows movements throughout the piping system due to thermal changes of mechanical motion. Increase your understanding of the different types of expansion joints and value-added services offered by U.S. Bellows.
Piping components, materials, codes and standards part 1- pipeAlireza Niakani
The course is focused on four areas: piping components, pipe materials and manufacture, sizes, codes and standards. Applicable piping codes for oil and gas facilities (ISO, B31.3, B31.4, B31.8, etc.), pipe sizing calculations, pipe installation, and materials selection are an integral part of the course. The emphasis is on proper material selection and specification of piping systems.
Listen to in-depth explanations on how to choose the type of expansion joint that will best suit your system. Learn about the bellows movements throughout the piping system due to thermal changes of mechanical motion. Increase your understanding of the different types of expansion joints and value-added services offered by U.S. Bellows.
Piping components, materials, codes and standards part 1- pipeAlireza Niakani
The course is focused on four areas: piping components, pipe materials and manufacture, sizes, codes and standards. Applicable piping codes for oil and gas facilities (ISO, B31.3, B31.4, B31.8, etc.), pipe sizing calculations, pipe installation, and materials selection are an integral part of the course. The emphasis is on proper material selection and specification of piping systems.
Pressure Safety Valve Sizing - API 520/521/526Vijay Sarathy
No chemical process facility is immune to the risk of overpressure to avoid dictating the necessity for overpressure protection. For every situation that demands safe containment of process gas, it becomes an obligation for engineers to equally provide pressure relieving and flaring provisions wherever necessary. The levels of protection are hierarchical, starting with designing an inherently safe process to avoid overpressure followed by providing alarms for operators to intervene and Emergency Shutdown provisions through ESD and SIL rated instrumentation. Beyond these design and instrument based protection measures, the philosophy of containment and abatement steps such as pressure relieving devices, flares, physical dikes and Emergency Response Services is employed
Atmospheric Storage Tank Safety is dependent on various factors. To name a few:
1. Liquid movement in and out of the tank
2. Weather condition changes
3. Fire exposure
The presentation shows a basic overview of how we can create safe environment for storage and transportation of fluids.
At American Seal and Packing we cut gaskets from a full range of materials. You can view the specifications on many of the common gasket materials we carry at http://www.gaskets.cc
Design by Analysis - A general guideline for pressure vesselAnalyzeForSafety
This presentation file is provided by Mr. Ghanbari and published under permission.
The presentation gives an introduction and general guideline for pressure vessel design by analysis.
The “design by analysis” procedures are intended to guard against eight possible pressure vessel failure modes by performing a detailed stress analysis of the vessel with the sufficient design factors. The failure modes are:
1.excessive elastic deformation, including elastic instability,
2.excessive plastic deformation,
3.brittle fracture,
4.stress rupture/creep deformation (inelastic),
5.plastic instability - incremental collapse,
6.high strain - low cycle fatigue,
7.stress corrosion, and
8.corrosion fatigue
Most of the “design by analysis” procedures that are given in ASME BPVC relate to designs based on “elastic analysis.”
The design-by-analysis requirements are organized based on protection against the failure modes listed below. The component shall be evaluated for each applicable failure mode. If multiple assessment procedures are provided for a failure mode, only one of these procedures must be satisfied to qualify the design of a component.
a)All pressure vessels within the scope of this Division, irrespective of size or pressure, shall be provided with protection against overpressure in accordance with the requirements of this Part.
b)Protection Against Plastic Collapse – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules.
c)Protection Against Local Failure – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules. It is not necessary to evaluate the local strain limit criterion if the component design is in accordance with Part 4 (i.e. component wall thickness and weld detail per paragraph 4.2).
d)Protection Against Collapse From Buckling – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules and the applied loads result in a compressive stress field.
e)Protection Against Failure From Cyclic Loading – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules and the applied loads are cyclic. In addition, these requirements can also be used to qualify a component for cyclic loading where the thickness and size of the component are established using the design-by-rule requirements of Part 4.
This manual covers the basic guidelines and minimum requirements for
periodic inspection of heat exchangers used in petroleum refinery.
Locations to be inspected, inspection tools, frequency of inspection &
testing, locations prone to deterioration and causes, corrosion
mitigation, inspection and testing procedures have been specified in
the manual.
Documentation of observations & history of heat exchangers,
inspection checklist and recommended practices have also been
included.
Heat exchanging equipment is used for heating or cooling a fluid.
Individual heat transfer equipment is named as per its function.
Cooler
A cooler cools the process fluid, using water or air, with no change of
phase.
Chiller
A chiller uses a refrigerant to cool process fluid to a temperature below
that obtainable with water.
Condenser
A condenser condenses a vapour or mixture of vapours using water or
air.
Exchanger
An exchanger performs two functions in that it heats a cold process
fluid by recovering heat from a hot fluid, which it cools. None of the
transferred heat is lost.
This presentation will cover pipe support design, 3D modeling, Finite Element Analysis, special stress and thermal cases, along with the unique cases that brought on new pipe support designs. Increase your understanding of the value-added services that are offered by PT&P.
Get to know U.S. Bellows from introducing our team and manufacturing capabilities to exploring design details in technical drawings for large-scale projects. View case studies that lead to the creation of new standards and designs. Learn about cost saving measures for expansion joint failures and how to prevent future problems.
1. ABI Expansion Joints Advantages
2. Engineering
3. Manufacturing
4. Testing
5. Product Offering
6. ABI product applications
7. Benefits of program to you
Pressure Safety Valve Sizing - API 520/521/526Vijay Sarathy
No chemical process facility is immune to the risk of overpressure to avoid dictating the necessity for overpressure protection. For every situation that demands safe containment of process gas, it becomes an obligation for engineers to equally provide pressure relieving and flaring provisions wherever necessary. The levels of protection are hierarchical, starting with designing an inherently safe process to avoid overpressure followed by providing alarms for operators to intervene and Emergency Shutdown provisions through ESD and SIL rated instrumentation. Beyond these design and instrument based protection measures, the philosophy of containment and abatement steps such as pressure relieving devices, flares, physical dikes and Emergency Response Services is employed
Atmospheric Storage Tank Safety is dependent on various factors. To name a few:
1. Liquid movement in and out of the tank
2. Weather condition changes
3. Fire exposure
The presentation shows a basic overview of how we can create safe environment for storage and transportation of fluids.
At American Seal and Packing we cut gaskets from a full range of materials. You can view the specifications on many of the common gasket materials we carry at http://www.gaskets.cc
Design by Analysis - A general guideline for pressure vesselAnalyzeForSafety
This presentation file is provided by Mr. Ghanbari and published under permission.
The presentation gives an introduction and general guideline for pressure vessel design by analysis.
The “design by analysis” procedures are intended to guard against eight possible pressure vessel failure modes by performing a detailed stress analysis of the vessel with the sufficient design factors. The failure modes are:
1.excessive elastic deformation, including elastic instability,
2.excessive plastic deformation,
3.brittle fracture,
4.stress rupture/creep deformation (inelastic),
5.plastic instability - incremental collapse,
6.high strain - low cycle fatigue,
7.stress corrosion, and
8.corrosion fatigue
Most of the “design by analysis” procedures that are given in ASME BPVC relate to designs based on “elastic analysis.”
The design-by-analysis requirements are organized based on protection against the failure modes listed below. The component shall be evaluated for each applicable failure mode. If multiple assessment procedures are provided for a failure mode, only one of these procedures must be satisfied to qualify the design of a component.
a)All pressure vessels within the scope of this Division, irrespective of size or pressure, shall be provided with protection against overpressure in accordance with the requirements of this Part.
b)Protection Against Plastic Collapse – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules.
c)Protection Against Local Failure – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules. It is not necessary to evaluate the local strain limit criterion if the component design is in accordance with Part 4 (i.e. component wall thickness and weld detail per paragraph 4.2).
d)Protection Against Collapse From Buckling – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules and the applied loads result in a compressive stress field.
e)Protection Against Failure From Cyclic Loading – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules and the applied loads are cyclic. In addition, these requirements can also be used to qualify a component for cyclic loading where the thickness and size of the component are established using the design-by-rule requirements of Part 4.
This manual covers the basic guidelines and minimum requirements for
periodic inspection of heat exchangers used in petroleum refinery.
Locations to be inspected, inspection tools, frequency of inspection &
testing, locations prone to deterioration and causes, corrosion
mitigation, inspection and testing procedures have been specified in
the manual.
Documentation of observations & history of heat exchangers,
inspection checklist and recommended practices have also been
included.
Heat exchanging equipment is used for heating or cooling a fluid.
Individual heat transfer equipment is named as per its function.
Cooler
A cooler cools the process fluid, using water or air, with no change of
phase.
Chiller
A chiller uses a refrigerant to cool process fluid to a temperature below
that obtainable with water.
Condenser
A condenser condenses a vapour or mixture of vapours using water or
air.
Exchanger
An exchanger performs two functions in that it heats a cold process
fluid by recovering heat from a hot fluid, which it cools. None of the
transferred heat is lost.
This presentation will cover pipe support design, 3D modeling, Finite Element Analysis, special stress and thermal cases, along with the unique cases that brought on new pipe support designs. Increase your understanding of the value-added services that are offered by PT&P.
Get to know U.S. Bellows from introducing our team and manufacturing capabilities to exploring design details in technical drawings for large-scale projects. View case studies that lead to the creation of new standards and designs. Learn about cost saving measures for expansion joint failures and how to prevent future problems.
1. ABI Expansion Joints Advantages
2. Engineering
3. Manufacturing
4. Testing
5. Product Offering
6. ABI product applications
7. Benefits of program to you
The presentation will include technical terminologies along with sizing of metallic and non-metallic expansion joints which are used in Steel/Cement/Minerals/Power industries.
A simple description about spigot and socket joint which is known as cotter joint. It's a part of MDID (Machine Designing and Industrial Drafting) Subject in mechanical engg. GTU for semester 4th.
This presentation will give you an introduction to Pipe Shields, Inc. and its unique line of pre-insulated pipe supports, slides, guides and anchors that it developed and patented over its 40 year history. It will cover various designs, commercial applications (chilled and heated water lines, HVAC systems and low pressure steam lines), installation and maintenance procedures and the benefits of using pre-insulated pipe supports (vs. doing insulation in the field). This presentation will be delivered by Albert Dizon, General Manager of Pipe Shields, who has been working with pre-insulated pipe supports for 30+ years. Join us and receive some of his experience and wisdom!
Learn how we design these components for high temperature, high pressure, and/or corrosive environments. Discover the different materials used based on a variety of applications. View some of the very unique and intricate Sweco custom designs, and corresponding technical drawings. Sweco designs and manufactures Pressure Vessels and Tanks, Pig Launchers and Receivers, Duct Work, Transition Pieces, Bellmouth Reducers, Spectacle and Line Blinds, Air Intake Stacks and Dampers, Conical Strainers, Instrument Stands and other custom fabricated products.
Learn about the different types of engineered spring supports and when to use variable springs, constants or big tons depending on the design conditions. See how shock control, restraint and support devices are used to guide or restrain movement during normal operating conditions or under impulse loading events. Learn about pre-insulated pipe supports, including various insulating materials used for both cold and hot applications. Discover the slide plate sandwich concept and explore different slide plate materials used to reduce the coefficient of friction. View examples of expansion joints, pressure vessels, pig launchers and receivers.
Discover the secret to a lower coefficient of friction while permitting translational motion or movement with the supporting element. Learn about the different types of slide plates and pipe rollers used for various applications. View the design, load capabilities, and installation and maintenance guidelines for both slide plates and pipe rollers. See numerous photos featuring combinations with other critical pipe supports in order to allow for movement or a low coefficient of friction.
Discover the secret to a lower coefficient of friction while permitting translational motion or movement with the supporting element. Learn about the different types of slide plates and pipe rollers used for various applications. View the design, load capabilities, and installation and maintenance guidelines for both slide plates and pipe rollers. See numerous photos featuring combinations with other critical pipe supports in order to allow for movement or a low coefficient of friction.
Discover the secret to a lower coefficient of friction while premitting translational motion or movement with the supporting element. Learn about the different types of slide plates and pipe rollers used for various applications. View the design, load capabilities, and installation and maintenance guidelines for both slide plates and pipe rollers.
Discover the secret to a lower coefficient of friction while permitting translational motion or movement with the supporting element. Learn about the different types of slide plates and pipe rollers used for various applications. View the design, load capabilities, and installation and maintenance guidelines for both slide plates and pipe rollers. See numerous photos featuring combinations with other critical pipe supports in order to allow for movement or a low coefficient of friction.
Discover the secret to a lower coefficient of friction while permitting translational motion or movement with the supporting element. Learn about the different types of slide plates and pipe rollers used for various applications. View the design, load capabilities, and installation and maintenance guidelines for both slide plates and pipe rollers. See numerous photos featuring combinations with other critical pipe supports in order to allow for movement or a low coefficient of friction.
Discover the secret to a lower coefficient of friction while premitting translational motion or movement with the supporting element. Learn about the different types of slide plates and pipe rollers used for various applications. View the design, load capabilities, and installation and maintenance guidelines for both slide plates and pipe rollers. See numerous photos featuring combinations with other critical pipe supports in order to allow for movement or a low coefficient of friction.
Discover the secret to a lower coefficient of friction while premitting translational motion or movement with the supporting element. Learn about the different types of slide plates and pipe rollers used for various applications. View the design, load capabilities, and installation and maintenance guidelines for both slide plates and pipe rollers. See numerous photos featuring combinations with other critical pipe supports in order to allow for movement or a low coefficient of friction.
This Webinar will also highlight our custom designed products that were specially manufactured per unique customer specifications. Learn about optional features that can be implemented into your designs for optimum functionality of the supports in your particular applications. Additionally, gain an overall understanding of pipe supports through a showcase of colorful photos and technical diagrams.
HDOT one of the topmost Manufacturing Units in IndiaGitanjali Singh
One of the esteemed fabrication units in India part of Hindustan Dorr Oliver; it manufactures several process equipments(solid liquid separation equipments, vacuum filtration products) utilised in water treatment plants, sewage treatment plants, ETPs, Pulp and paper mills, sugar plants, mineral processing units apart from food& beverages. Over and above it fabricated PVHE equipments for refineries, fertilisers, petrochemicals etc.
This Webinar will focus on Pre-Insulated Pipe Supports, including pipe insulation products for both cryogenic and heat applications. Explore how Polyurethane foam is produced, from mixing polyols and isocyanates to inspecting the final product. Learn about anchor shoe testing, lateral load testing, compressive strength testing, and axial load testing.
This presentation will cover pipe support design, 3D modeling, Finite Element Analysis, special stress and thermal cases, along with the unique cases that brought on new pipe support designs. Increase your understanding of the value-added services that are offered by PT&P, and rest assured that your Engineering and Design needs can be covered by our 24x7 web-based emergency services, providing field service, and quick-turn around time when you need it most. We look forward to having you join us for this complimentary presentation on Engineering and Design of Pipe Supports.
This presentation will cover pipe support design, 3D modeling, Finite Element Analysis, special stress and thermal cases, along with the unique cases that brought on new pipe support designs. Increase your understanding of the value-added services that are offered by PT&P, and rest assured that your Engineering and Design needs can be covered by our 24x7 web-based emergency services, providing field service, and quick-turn around time when you need it most.
From engineered pipe supports, expansion joints, pre-insulated pipe supports, and miscellaneous fabrication to various engineering and technical services, PT&P has decades of experience providing products and services for all your engineering and construction needs.
Similar to U.S. Bellows Expansion Joint Presentation (20)
This presentation will briefly touch on the basics of fabric expansion joints; however, is mainly focused on the various designs, material details, and applications. Learn how fabric expansion joints are engineered and fabricated for various applications and the many factors that influence those designs. View the abundance of materials used, including Fluoroplastic and Fluoroelastomer, and their respective capabilities. Take a journey through a Fossil Fired Power Plant and see exactly where fabric expansion joints are required.
Learn how the theoretical applications of spring supports are put into use in the real world. We will start with a review of the working principles of both variable and constant springs. See how brand new spring looks at delivery, and review installation guidelines. Learn the key points to review through the total installation process and subsequently when the springs are in operation. See how to determine if springs need adjustments, re-calibration, refurbishment or replacement. View in field examples, shutdown and isolation procedures. See the selection process required when there are significant changes to the operating condition.
Learn how we design these components for high temperature, high pressure, and/or corrosive environments. Discover the different materials used based on a variety of applications. View some of the very unique and intricate Sweco custom designs, and corresponding technical drawings. Sweco designs and manufactures Pressure Vessels and Tanks, Pig Launchers and Receivers, Duct Work, Transition Pieces, Bellmouth Reducers, Spectacle and Line Blinds, Air Intake Stacks and Dampers, Conical Strainers, Instrument Stands and other custom fabricated products.
Explore the various applications of snubbers, sway braces and sway struts in piping systems and equipment. Learn how these products help prevent pipe system failure due to seismic loads, flow transients, wind loads, safety valve thrust loads or pipe rupture. Discover the various tests performed within PT&P’s facility to ensure product quality, including cycle testing, travel testing and load testing.
: Discover the secret to a lower coefficient of friction while permitting translational motion or movement with the supporting element. Learn about the different types of slide plates and pipe rollers used for various applications. View the design, load capabilities, and installation and maintenance guidelines for both slide plates and pipe rollers. See numerous photos featuring combinations with other critical pipe supports in order to allow for movement or a low coefficient of friction.
This presentation will briefly touch on the basics of fabric expansion joints; however, is mainly focused on the various designs, material details, and applications. Learn how fabric expansion joints are engineered and fabricated for various applications and the many factors that influence those designs. View the abundance of materials used, including Fluoroplastic and Fluoroelastomer, and their respective capabilities. Take a journey through a Fossil Fired Power Plant and see exactly where fabric expansion joints are required.
In this Webinar we explore the details of actual case studies focusing on various signs that indicate if a particular support needs replaced or adjusted. The presentation also covers projects that brought on new standard designs and custom designs for specific applications. And lastly, it includes valuable additions and procedures that extend the typical life span of a pipe support.
This presentation is on Pipe Clamps, including Hold-Down Clamps, Riser Clamps, Clevis Hangers, Yoke U-Bolt Clamps and Structural Supports. Learn how the appropriate type of pipe support is chosen based on the different design conditions. Find out how Finite Element Analysis is used in the design process and view the custom pipe supports designed for extreme applications.
This Webinar will focus on installation and maintenance guidelines and offer valuable tips on inspecting a wide variety of pipe supports and expansion joints in your piping system. We will cover various pipe support applications and point out signs that indicate if a particular support needs replaced or adjusted. Obtain the knowledge you need to avoid the possibility of a potentially catastrophic situation. View examples of real world problems and see how we were able to solve them with timely and cost effective solutions.
Explore the various applications of snubbers, sway braces and sway struts in piping systems and equipment. Learn how these products help prevent pipe system failure due to seismic loads, flow transients, wind loads, safety valve thrust loads or pipe rupture. Discover the various tests performed within PT&P’s facility to ensure product quality, including cycle testing, travel testing and load testing. Finally, view the value-added services offered by PT&P and rest assure that your shock control, restraint and support device needs can be covered by our 24x7 web-based emergency services, field services and quick-turn around time when you need it most.
This presentation will cover pipe support design, 3D modeling, Finite Element Analysis, special stress and thermal cases, along with the unique cases that brought on new pipe support designs. Increase your understanding of the value-added services that are offered by PT&P, and rest assured that your Engineering and Design needs can be covered by our 24x7 web-based emergency services, providing field service, and quick-turn around time when you need it most. We look forward to having you join us for this complimentary presentation on Engineering and Design of Pipe Supports.
Learn about the different types of engineered spring supports and when to use variable springs, constants or big tons depending on the design conditions. See how shock control, restraint and support devices are used to guide or restrain movement during normal operating conditions or under impulse loading events. Learn about pre-insulated pipe supports, including various insulating materials used for both cold and hot applications. Discover the slide plate sandwich concept and explore different slide plate materials used to reduce the coefficient of friction. View examples of expansion joints, pressure vessels, pig launchers and receivers.
This Webinar will also highlight our custom designed products that were specially manufactured per unique customer specifications. Learn about optional features that can be implemented into your designs for optimum functionality of the supports in your particular applications. Additionally, gain an overall understanding of pipe supports through a showcase of colorful photos and technical diagrams.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
3. Applications ▪ Research & Development ▪ Refinery ▪ Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Service ▪ HVAC Building Heating & Cooling Systems ▪ Furnace Sealing Bags ▪ Geothermal Power Plants ▪ Marine Piping & Exhaust ▪ Environmental Applications ▪ Kilns ▪ Steam Distribution ▪ Heavy Metal ▪ Solid Waste Incineration ▪ U.S. Navy ▪ Gas Turbines ▪ Truck Exhaust ▪ Waste Water Treatment ▪ FCC Units ▪ District Energy ▪ Aerospace Turbo Engine Exhaust ▪ Municipal Water Districts ▪ Heat Exchangers ▪ Power ▪ Pulp & Paper ▪ Stationary Engine Exhaust ▪ Chemical & Petrochemical ▪ Fossil Fuel Power Plant
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5. Types of Movement Torsional Movement Angular Movement Lateral Movement Axial Movement
6. Cyclic Deflections & Cycle Life Cycle Test on a 12 " diameter A240-321SS Bellows with 8 convolutions. The bellows has met the EMJA cycle life calculation of 1,000 cycles and failed in the root of the convolutions at 1,285 cycles. Temperature Change Repetitive Mechanical Movements Vibrations Stresses
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13. Types of Expansion Joints Tied Universal Expansion Joint Tied Universal Expansion Joint with Stainless Steel Flanges Universal Expansion Joint Single Expansion Joints
23. Types of Expansion Joints 108 " Diameter Thick Wall Expansion Joint (with 2 convolutions) 71" x 143" Round Corner Regular Expansion Joint for an oil refinery in India 78 " I.D. x 100" O.D. Thick Wall Expansion Joint Rectangular Metallic Expansion Joint 240" x 80" and 157" x 65" Rectangular Expansion Joint Thick Wall Metallic Expansion Joint
24. Types of Expansion Joints 30 " Slip Type Expansion Joint (Designed for hydrocarbon flaring system ) 21 ' x 14 ' I.D. Fabric Expansion Joint (Power plant in Puerto Rico) 30 " Diameter Rubber Expansion Joint (EPDM reinforced tube & cover, telescoping linear and A516-70 flanges) 59 " Diameter Neoprene Expansion Joint (Carbon Steel Angle flanges and Stainless Steel Clamp Rings) Rubber Expansion Joint Fabric Expansion Joint Slip Type Expansion Joint
25. Fabric Expansion Joints High-Temp 23 ¼ " I.D. Fabric Expansion Joint Stitching the fabric belt on the 1 st layer 128 " x 229 " Rectangular Fabric Expansion Joint (Includes a Three Layer Belt)
Piping Technology & Products acquired U.S. Bellows in nineteen-ninety-seven (1997) during a major plant expansion of two-hundred thousand square feet (200,000 sq. ft.) After the plant expansion, PT&P had a total of four-hundred and fifty thousand square feet (450,000 sq. ft.) of covered shop space on a thirty-five (35) acre property. We now have a over seven-hundred (700) employees and are conveniently located near the port of Houston in Texas.
U.S. Bellows is a manufacturer of different types of Expansion Joints for a wide variety of applications.
There are many materials used for bellows, but the most commonly used material is 304 stainless steel, which is our standard material. The bellows is the flexible element of an expansion joint. The convoluted portion of an expansion joint is designed to flex when thermal movements occur in the piping system. The number of convolutions depends upon the amount of movement the bellows must accommodate or the force that must be used to accomplish the deflection.
(Top-Left) Axial Movement refers to the change in dimensional length of the bellows parallel to the centerline of the expansion joint (Top-Right) Lateral Movement refers to displacement of the bellows perpendicular to the centerline of the expansion joint (in any plane) (Bottom-Left) Angular Movement refers to bending on the centerline and halfway between the ends of the bellows (Bottom-Right) Torsional Movement refers to twisting one end of the bellows with respect to the other end, about the bellows centerline
Deflections are resulted from changes in temperature and predictable variations of the system. Most Deflections are repeated numerous times during the life of the piping system. Repetitions can also occur as a result of repetitive mechanical movements and vibrations. Each time a deflection occurs it is a CYCLE. The number of cycles is important to assure the proper design of the expansion joint. Deflections result in stresses, and they must be kept as low as possible to avoid premature fatigue failures Stress is reduced by reducing the thickness of the convolutions The ideal combination of thickness for pressure and thinness for flexibility is the design issue for our engineers
All bellows have critical pressure at which they become unstable, the critical pressure at which the instability occurs is a direct function of the diameter and spring rate, and an inverse function of the length. If the bellows is bent, or angulated, the centerline can begin to move away from the center of curvature.
Protective Covers: Protect the bellows element during shipping, plant construction and during maintenance activities. U.S. Bellows offers standard carbon steel removable covers sized to permit free flexing of the expansion joint. Internal Liners: Extends the life of metallic expansion joints Protects the convolutions from direct flow impingement, which can cause erosion & flow-induced vibration. Standard U.S. Bellows liners are fabricated from 300 Series stainless steel; however other materials are available, such as Inconel six-two-five (625) and Inconel six-hundred (600)..
A purge connector is injected clear gas or liquid that periodically or continuously blows collected material out. Purge connectors are used for systems where sediments collect between the outside of the internal liner and the inside of the bellows element.
Limit rods are utilized when desiring to limit the axial expansion or compression They provide freedom of movement over a determined range and are designed to prevent bellows over-extension while restraining the full pressure thrust of the system.
The single expansion joint is a bellows element with end connections that allows movement in any direction or plane. However, the piping must be guided in the same direction of the movement This is the least expensive type available
The universal expansion joint consists of two bellows separated by a pipe section or spool. This allows the unit to accept large amounts of lateral deflection. The amount of lateral deflection capability can be adjusted by changing the length of the center spool.
(From Left to Right) Sixty-six inch (66 " ) Stainless Steel Tied Universal Expansion Joint Twelve inch (12 " ) Tied Universal Expansion Joint with Stainless Steel Flanges Thirty-two inch (32 " ) Universal Expansion Joint and three inch (3 " ) Single Expansion Joints
Contains hinges or pivots which allow the unit to bend in a single plane Designed to restrict axial deflection (either in extension or compression) Typically designed to accept full pressure thrust
Accepts bending or angulation in two planes Contains two sets of hinge pins or pivots over each bellows with the axis of each set perpendicular to the other Each set of pins is connected to the central gimbal box
Consists of three bellows – two In-line bellows on each side and one balancing bellows in the center Typically used when axial & lateral deflections exist and anchoring is impractical for structural or economical reasons In-line Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint is a solution to difficult design problems
These joints are used when there is a change of direction in the piping system Generally used to handle a large amount of lateral movement and a moderate amount of axial movement The pressure thrust is contained within the tie rods of these expansion joints
Here are additional pictures of pressure balanced elbow expansion joints. The pressure balanced design does not exert pressure thrust on the equipment in the piping system. Pictured on the right is one of two expansion joints we refurbished during a power plant outage. The first fifty-four inch (54 " ) outside diameter expansion joint leaked from a crack in the bellows causing an unscheduled power plant outage. This particular expansion joint was fabricated for a high pressure turbine crossover piping for steam service of ninety-seven (97) PSIG at six-hundred and thirty-four degrees Fahrenheit (634°F). The twenty-seven foot long (27 ' ), twenty-seven thousand pound (27,000 lb.) expansion joint was refurbished in less than four (4) weeks. This was made possible by utilizing dedicated employees working overtime six (6) days a week. The tree-two-one (321) stainless steel bellows and carbon steel root rings were replaced. The outside cover bolts were removed and new bolts were installed. The second expansion joint was also for a high pressure turbine that was replaced during a planned outage. This expansion joint came in on October thirtieth, two-thousand and six (10-30-2006) and was ready to ship November twentieth, two-thousand and six (11-20-2006). Overall length and center line to center line length were maintained to ensure easy installation. Both expansion joints were dye penetrant tested and hydro-tested at one-hundred and forty-six (146) PSIG.
Pictured above are externally pressurized joints designed in various sizes for NASA. These expansion joints are fabricated from 304 stainless steel bellows and 300 lb. carbon steel flanges. They incorporate internal guide rings that serve as limit stops in the case of anchor failure. The picture to the right are externally pressurized expansion joints designed for 150 PSIG and 350 F for a steam plant.
Pictured to the left is a Toroidal Bellows Expansion Joint. This particular one has a ninety-two inch (92 " ) inside diameter and designed for four-hundred (400) PSIG and five-hundred degrees Fahrenheit (500 °F). Toroidal convolution consists of a circular tube (or totus) wrapped around weld ends or pipe ends having a gap at the I.D. to permit axial stroke. Most Toroidal bellows are hydraulically formed which requires high pressure while the rest are free formed, similar to blowing up a balloon. Here on the right is a fourteen inch (14") diameter Clamshell bellows designed for one-hundred and fifty (150) PSIG and one-hundred and fifty degrees Fahrenheit (150°F).
This expansion joint consists of two ply testable Inconel 625 LCF packed bellows, tie rods, insulation bags, slotted hinges and liner seals. It is lined with a four inch (4 " ) thick refractory lining. We completed fabrication of this expansion joint within six weeks to meet the quick-turn schedule of our customer.
This is one of the featured products from on our “Product of the Week Archive Section” on our website at www.usbellows.com ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Bellows designed and fabricated four (4) thick wall flanged and flued head expansion joints from a one-forth inch (¼ " ) thick ASTM A516 grade seventy (70) carbon steel plate. Two have a seventy-eight inch (78 " ) inside diameter and a one-hundred and ten inch (110 ") outside diameter The other two have a thirty-six inch (36 ") inside diameter and a sixty-eight inch (68 ") outside diameter These expansion joints were cold formed and heat treated to customer requirements. The external surface was painted with one coat of shop primer. The weld ends are beveled, and drainage plugs were installed in the crest of the bellows. The bellows long weld seams were 100% dye penetrant and 100% x-ray tested.
These are fifty-four inch (54 " ) pressure-balanced elbow, turbine crossover expansion joints. U.S. Bellows refurbished two of these expansion joints for a power generation plant with a quick turn-around during outages. 1.) The first refurbished expansion joint leaked from a crack in the bellows causing an unscheduled power plant outage. This particular expansion joint was fabricated for a high pressure turbine crossover piping for steam service of ninety-seven (97) PSIG at six-hundred and thirty-four degrees Fahrenheit (634°F.) The twenty-seven foot long (27 ') , twenty-seven thousand pound (27,000 lb.) expansion joint was refurbished in less than four (4) weeks. This was made possible by utilizing dedicated employees working overtime six (6) days a week. The 321 stainless steel bellows and carbon steel root rings were replaced. The outside cover bolts were removed and new bolts were installed. 2.) The second expansion joint was also for a high pressure turbine that was replaced during a planned outage. This expansion joint came in on October thirtieth, two-thousand-six (Oct. 30, 2006) and was ready to ship November twentieth, two-thousand-six (Nov. 20, 2006.) Overall length and center line to center line length were maintained to ensure easy installation. Both expansion joints were dye penetrant tested and hydro-tested at one-forty-six (146) PSIG.
U.S. Bellows designed and fabricated two tied universal expansion joints for a pipe carrying sulfur dioxide. It is designed to carry hot gas that can be as high as one-thousand-twenty-two degrees Fahrenheit (1022°F). The expansion joint pictured has an inside diameter of sixty-six inches (66 " ) and an overall length of seventy-two inches (72 " ). The design movements are four inches (4 " ) lateral and four-point-five inches (4.5 " ) axial compression. The bellows’ material is Inconel 825 with carbon steel weld ends. The bellows and pipe longitudinal weld seams were one-hundred percent (100%) x-rayed prior to a five (5) PSIG air test and then dye penetrant examined.
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We offer an emergency service for those rush orders. Just visit our website and click on emergency at the top-right corner U.S. Bellows received this eight inch (8 ") diameter single expansion joint in the morning as an emergency order. We refurbished it by adding new 321 stainless steel bellows and limit rods. We sandblasted and repainted it for protection. The expansion joint was then shipped back to the customer the very same day.
We keep a large inventory of stock bellows for emergency quick-turn requests Our stock bellows range from one inch (1 ") diameter to twenty-four inch (24 ") diameter We can quickly assemble a variety of expansion joints available in three pressure values: eighty-five (85) PSIG, one-hundred and fifty (150) PSIG and three-hundred (300) PSIG
The pictures here show a Finite Element Analysis of a gimbal expansion joint. The first picture shows the use of FEA to design the joint. This second picture shows the expansion joint after completion while still in our shop and the third picture is of the gimbal joint after installation. Under the FEA umbrella, there are also special stress and/or thermal problem analysis, Pro/E for 3D part design, and ANSYS for mesh generation-plus-analysis-plus-the result analysis. We also conduct: Piping, pipe support and structural design Three-D modeling technology Structural analysis Pipe stress analysis (ANSYS)
Our website is the place to find technical information, including Technical Bulletins on Fatigue Testing, Heat Exchanger Shell Bellows, Pressure Balanced Expansion Joints and High Temperature Furnace Seal Bags. Please visit www.pipingtech.com after this Webinars “Question and Answers Session” is over.
PT&P is a diverse manufacturer of a wide variety of high-quality, competitively priced engineered products. PT&P has focused experience in supplying pipe supports and expansion joints to petrochemical plants, chemical plants and power generation plants around the world. PT&P for all your engineering needs…