Urbanization Essay

Effects of Urbanization
Urbanization can be defined as the physical growth of population increasing in urban areas. By
2050, it is predicted that 64.1% and 85.9% of the developing and developed world respectively will
be urbanized, compared to 1800 where only about 2% of the world's population lived in urban areas
(Urbanization). Urbanization is necessary to sustain growth in developing countries. Urbanization
changes the social and environmental landscape across the globe. The increase in world
population has tripled the urban population. The most striking examples of the urbanization of the
world are the megacities of 10 million or more people. In 1975, only four megacities existed; in
2000, there were 18. In addition, by 2015 the UN estimates that there will be 22 (Urbanization: an
Environmental Force). Urbanization does lead to some positive benefits as well as many negative
benefits. Public health is a growing risk associated with urbanization, specifically air pollution that
has a significant effect on the overall health of urbanized communities lowering the quality of life.
The environment changes when people consume more food, land, energy, and water than in rural
communities. Then what happens is the polluted environment changes the health and quality of life
of the population. Such pollutions include sanitation issues due to lack of space for garbage
disposal, shortage of water supply, and air pollution. Inner city transportation is a key influence in
the increase of air
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Urbanisation Advantages And Disadvantages
Do the benefits of urbanisation outweigh the disadvantages? By Martha Chan 10B2
Word count: 2149
Introduction
Urbanization is defined as rapid population growth in urban areas. There are four major causes for
urbanisation including: rapid economic growth, population increase, economies of scale and
multiplier effect. The environment around us is heavily affected by urbanisation, bringing
advantages and disadvantages along with it. Almost 45 per cent of the world's population which is
two and a half billion people are living in urban areas.
Global Perspective
There is a well–established connection between a country's level of urbanization and its GDP (gross
domestic product). In the 2011 data graph on the UN website, it shows a strong positive link:...show
more content...
Tokyo is the world's largest city with a total of 38 million residents and a GDP of US$1,479
billion. Four major advantages of living in Japan includes outstanding medical services, more job
opportunities, and a convenient lifestyle. The World Health Organization (WHO) ranked the health
systems of its 191 member states in its World Health Report in 2000 and Japan was ranked 10th.
Japanese outcomes for high level medical treatment is generally competitive with that of the US.
Nextly, according to the statistics from the Tokyo Government, the total number of offices in Tokyo
is over 670,000, which accounts for 11.6% of all Japanese companies. Furthermore, Japan has the
highest number of employees, 7,752,604. However, the major push factors due to urbanisation in
this metropolis city is environmental pollution. According to a WHO survey, Japan has been
suffering since 1960 due to it having an incredibly high level of air pollution. As the quality of air
decreases, the risk of having different diseases increases. This contradiction causes Japan to become
harder to live

The industrial Revolution, starting in late 18th century, had a significant urbanizing effect.
Industrialization is the basic driving force of urbanization and urbanization, cities, are the important
land for industrialization. Industrialization and urbanization are just like brothers that grow and
develop together and developed each other (Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia, 1997). Industrialization
is the initiator of urbanization and urbanization is the inevitable result of industrialization. The
inventions of railroad tracks, automobiles, telephones, airplanes and electricity are a part of
industrialization and the growth of cities, urbanization, during the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Urbanization occurs naturally from individual and...show more content...
There are more job opportunities and a greater variety of jobs. These conditions are increased
during times of change from a pre–industrial society to an industrial one (www.bbc.com, 2002). It is
at this time that many new commercial businesses were made possible, which created new jobs
and opportunities. This transformation is called industrialization, which is the process of social and
economic change that transforms a human group from a pre industrial society into an industrial
one. The Industrial period also brought upon many factories. During this period many factories
were built due to production demand. The new factories created new jobs which forced many to
migrate into the city for work . For many workers, the commute from the countryside or outskirts of
the city was too far or too expensive, so many early factory workers moved to live within close
proximity of the factory, some even living in work dormitories within the factories themselves. Bill
gates once stated that "I thought digital technology would eventually reverse urbanization, and so far
that hasn't happened. But people always overestimate how much will change in the next three years,
and they underestimate how much will change over the next 10 years. (http://thinkexist.com)" Many
years ago in the beginning of the industrialization era know one would believe that it would be such
a big part of the American way of life. Even though heavy

Essay about Problems Due To Urbanization
Recently, as developed countries, many cities have become more suitable to live in with all
facilities that people need in favor of a comfortable live style. Therefore, many people migrate from
rural areas to urban areas in a process so called urbanization (Wikipedia, 2009). Urbanization has
become one of the most important issues facing both people live and governments in most countries.
An important term that has been suggested as a policy to solve the problems associated with
urbanization is sustainable development. Sustainable development might be defined as a balance
between human needs and saving the environment (Wikipedia, 2009). This essay aims to examine
the problems of urbanization as well as will discussing how that the policy...show more content...
The second point is traffic congestion. ''It is a condition on networks that occurs as use increases,
and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased queuing'' (Wikipedia, 2009).
For instance, in Los Angeles, ten years ago the number of population was 8.8 million. This number
associated with 6 million automobiles with 45 million journeys each day. Whereas, in 2010, is
estimated that the number of journeys will be increased up to 60 million (Thisdell, 1993. pp2).
Finally, air pollution might be a result of the previous problems, because with all these numbers of
people using their own vehicles, they may contaminate the environment by cars' emissions. Stephen
Gislason (2009) pointed out ''cities have become islands of toxic chemicals from the unrestrained
use of vehicles burning fossil fuels''.
In order to solve the problems which mentioned earlier, there are several possible solutions. First of
all, government must continuo combating the increasing of automobiles either by imposing route
tax or introducing more congestion charge. An example of this can be seen in Manchester, which
has been recently set congestion charge in the city center to decrease numbers of automobiles,
particularly at rush hour (BBC, 2007). This approach appears to work well in Manchester.
Secondly, cities should improve its public transport to offer a convenient

Urbanization can be simply be defined as the change from the rural activities to the urban areas
and activities. This is in matters concerning the population and also the proportion of the people
who are concentrated in a certain area and also the increase in the population of the people who
are living in the areas. This also relies under many circumstances such as the ability of the people
to change on the situation and also the living standard of the people and also how the people who
are situated in these areas try to adapt and also maintain the changes which are seen in these
areas. The process can also be seen to be the main factor which leads to the development of town
or the urban centers as the people move to the urban areas look for the working environment. This
lead to a situation whereby we have the people moving from the rural areas to towns so that they
search for the job and thus making the cities and also the towns to be more concentrated and also
become large and larger as the population increase and also infrastructures develop. The act of
urbanization is also much related to immigration, this means that many of the urban centers have
developed due to the act of immigration in many countries in the world. This paper will tackle on
the matters concerning the act of urbanization and also immigration. This is through the act of
involving Syria and also Turkey as the main countries which are affected by the above two situations
("What Are the Causes of

Urbanization
Benefits and challenges of Urbanization
SCI/275
University Of Phoenix
In this paper I will be explaining the four factors that produce a change in the population as well as
urbanization. Urbanization is moving from a rural area to a big city in hopes of better opportunity
or employment along with many other benefits. Urbanization may seem like a good idea to those
trying to better themselves but it has challenges in the city people may face. I will be providing you
with current or historical events that may be a benefit or a challenge of urbanization.
Factors that may produce urbanization and a change in population are the birth rate and death rate.
Emigration and...show more content...
There are many challenges in urbanization when people live in cities and the population increases in
hope of a better life for an individual's family.
An example of more employment opportunities in the cities is the use of factories for employment
of the people who come to the city. There are more businesses so there are many business
opportunity for people to make a career in the cities. Efficiency of land is used because buses and
bicycles were developed for people to move around instead of using all automobiles. Many
businesses such as hospitals, places to have fun, bus stations were created as well as places to
receive the resources from.
Challenges of urbanization examples are congested streets of New York City where everything
is so close together with one another. Another example is an immigrant coming to America from
a different county in hopes of receiving employment. Other people are doing the same thing so
there is much competition in cities for jobs. Once many people are employed the wages tend to
drop to be able to pay for employees such as minimum wage of the city. A person starts off with
this wage and work his or her way up to more money after a period of time. Poverty example is
people living on the streets in these big cities are considered homeless due to the fact of unable to
stay employed or health conditions that may put him or her out of

Effects of Urbanization
Urbanization and Sustainable Development
Tang 1 Iris We all know the urbanization rate is an index to value the development of a country.
However, though urbanization provides great convenience to some individuals, it also brings about
negative effects. Problems such as pollution, overcrowded and the high unemployment appear
during the process of urbanization and they are hard to cope with. In face of the sequence of
problems, a new way of development ––––sustainable development was put forward. Just like its
literal meaning, the word sustainability has something to do with continuity. It was used since 1980s
and first appeared in Britain law in 1993. Sustainable development can help solve parts of the
problem caused by...show more content...
We should think over other alternative energy that is cleaner to substitute them, which were
mentioned above. We are lack of pure water currently, as we can see from many public–interest ads.
New technology can focus on how to purify water effectively, and discover a new way to move
away impurities and recycle water. Policies should be taken to save water in factories, in case of
water running in vain. Urbanization also lead to natural disasters to some extent. Improper projects
may affect an area's normal development. Think about the earthquake and tsunami in east Japan
recently, and the series of scandals about the nuclear power plants after it. Japan is definitely not a
suitable place to build nuclear power plants, but they have to build them for their own
development. ( Slodkowski, Klamann. 2011) This case clarifies a sense that before a project is
conducted, the government should take very careful examination about the target location, in every
possible aspect, in order to avoid environmental harm to the target place and local people. Besides
this, good emergency system should be prepared to take precautions against natural hazards. Also
take Japan earthquake for an example, though their ignorance to its potential safety hazards of
nuclear power, they have great emergency response capacity against disasters. Children are
specifically educated with how to act if earthquake comes when they're pupils, and they carry out
each quake alarm

Effects Of Urbanization
Essay
Urbanization is an increasing number of city dwellers compared to people living in rural areas.
Urban development in poor nations has resulted in multiple issues such as air pollution and health
problems. Urban growth puts an enormous strain on social services. This essay will explain how
rapid, uncontrolled urbanization has led to serious consequences in developing countries.
Urbanization leads to several health issues. One of these problems is a rise of epidemic. Because
of a dramatically number of people, it may become more difficult to deal with an outbreak. These
epidemics occur at an incredible speed, hence, controlling them must be a big question for the
authorities (Berley 2016). Not only does the speed happen swiftly but...show more content...
The hospitals as well as the healthcare centre are overload, and they are not able to provide the
healthcare insurance for all patients. In addition, a shortage of medicines and drugs is a serious
issue. Because of a great number of people, the demanding of vaccines and medicines underwent a
significant growth. In the past, one–in–five children cannot have a full vaccine program, but today
even children in the urban areas also suffer the lack of vaccines. Moreover, when the outbreaks
spread out the source of medicine will not be adequate for all people.
Moreover, air pollution has caused by the rapid, uncontrolled urbanization in developing countries.
Urbanization lead to a negative impact on economic development since it is expensive to keep the
air fresh. China lost nearly 10% of its GDP, India 7.69% and Siri Lanka and Cambodia roughly 8%
because of air pollution (Vidal 2016a). A loss of productive labour lead to the lower income average
(Vidal 2016a). Thus, the economic in those developing countries cannot growth as fast as its ability.
Air pollution, moreover, contribute to a server impact on agriculture (Kaiman 2014). The toxic air
and smog is preventing the growth of plenty of plants. In China, diseased vegetable is caused by the
ambient polluted air (Kaiman 2014). In the process of nurturing such plants, the quality of the plants
may be affected significantly. Moreover, the health of

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Basic concepts on urbanization and urban growth
Urbanization and urban growth are two different concepts often found in the literature of urban
studies. The distinction should be noted that urbanization refers to proportion of the national
population living in the urban areas, and urban growth refers to an increase in urban population size,
independent of rural population (Haregewoin, 2005). In contrast, urbanization can be viewed and
perceived to mean a lot of things depending on how it is used. It can be viewed as a characteristic
of social and economic processes and interactions affecting both population and land. Clark
(1982) defined urbanization as a spatial and social process which refers to the change of behavior
and social relationships which occur in a society as a result of people living in towns and cities
(Nduwayezu, 2015). Oguz (2004) argued that urbanization has been increasing since World War II,
and has not shown any sign of decline and is likely to continue in to the twenty first century. Fast
urbanization has led to a conversion of rural area in to built–up areas and loss of green spaces in
cities. These changes in land use and land cover concern loss of agricultural, forest land and loss of
vacant areas.
According to Lind field and Steinberg (2012) Urbanization is a highly dynamic process that takes
place in cities and puts pressure on the urban environment. This is being fueled by population
explosion throughout that world. A

Solution Of Urbanization
Urbanization is an increasing number of city dwellers compared to people living in rural areas.
Urban development in poor nations has resulted in multiple issues such as air pollution and health
problems. Urban growth puts an enormous strain on social services. This essay will explain how
rapid, uncontrolled urbanization has led to serious consequences in developing countries.
Urbanization leads to several health issues. One of these problems is a rise of the epidemic.
Because of a dramatical number of people, it may become more difficult to deal with an outbreak.
These epidemics occur at an incredible speed, hence, controlling them must be a big question for
the authorities (Berley 2016). Not only does the speed happen swiftly, but the scale of the
epidemic will be out of control. For example, Angola has been experiencing a yellow fever
outbreak for decades with a rapid speed (Berley 2016). It has continued to spread in the large scale
until 8 million people have been vaccinated at the end of the outbreak (Berley 2016). Furthermore,
urbanization leads to an increasing rate of non–communicable diseases such as cancer, and
cardiovascular disease. Obesity also is an example of a disease which accompanies with urban life
nowadays. According to Alleyne, graduates from the University of West Indies, he said that the rate
of obesity as well as diabetes went up sharply in developing countries (Alleyne 2011). Those
non–communicable diseases are the result of the street life and unbalanced diet of most people
who live in such countries. Not only does the number of patient experience a surge, but the age of
people who has been diagnosed is getting younger, even children are affected by them. (Berley
2016). Taking Caribbean as an example, obesity is increasing in this city as urban areas are
expanding, and the life of people in Caribbean is changing as they are struggle with those potential
fatal diseases (Alleyne 2011). Furthermore, most developing countries are poorly resourced and
have a weak health systems. This is one of reason why Ebola spread easily in West Africa but was
contained immediately when it reached North America and Europe (Alleyne 2011). The hospitals as
well as the healthcare centres are overloaded,

Urbanization And Development Of Urbanization
Contents 1.Introduction3 2.The research question3 3.Justification for the proposed research3
4.Preliminary discussion of literary sources4 5.Theoretical framework4 6.Statement of the expected
achievement and contribution of the research to the issue5 7.Proposed research methodology5
8.Research plan and outline5 9.Timetable of proposed research5 10.References list5 1.Introduction
Urbanization and growth go with each other: no country has ever reached a great economy without
a significant population shift into cities. According to United Nations databases, the proportion of
the 2014 world population living in urban areas was 54 per cent, heading for 66 per cent by 2050.
Urbanization is necessary to keep up growth in developing countries, and it yields other benefits as
well. But it is not pain–less or always welcomed by policymakers or the general public. Managing
urbanization is an important part of nurturing growth; neglecting cities–even in countries in which
the level of urbanization is low–can impose heavy costs. Historically, urban infrastructures have
materialized as a response to emergent issues, natural disasters are just an example of them. In the
more distant past, construction has been a driven by localized issues such as sanitation, flooding or
fire. The reaction has been to engineer systems (under the powers of centralized, state–led planning
and public funding) that solve a single problem at a particular time. Little thought has been

Impact Of Urbanization On Urban Areas
1.Urbanization deals with the number of people in urban places and also refers to the process of
people moving to cities or other heavily settled places. The term urbanization also describes
changes in social organization that happens as a consequence of heavily populated areas.
Urbanization is a process. It is what happens when rural areas are changed into urban areas.
According to Louis Wirth, the components of urbanization include size, density, and heterogeneity
and these are the independent variables that create a distinct way of life called "urbanism." (Palen,
2012) Urbanism refers to social patterns and behaviors associated with living in urban settings.
(Palen, 2012) Urbanism is often seen as a consequence of urbanization. It deals with changes in
values, mores, customs, and behaviors of a population. Urbanism is a response, both socially and
behaviorally, to living in a particular urban area. Urbanism puts an emphasis on competition,
achievement, superficiality, anonymity, independence and tangential relationships. (Palen, 2012)
The study of urbanization deals with the urban area as a spatial, economic, and political body.
(Palen, 2012) This is generally referred to by sociologists as a human ecological approach. This is
because the study deals with how the ecology of the city developed, especially with the relationships
and dependence of organisms with their environment. The study of urbanism takes a more cultural
or social psychological approach

Urbanization– Extended Study
The definition of an urban area changes from country to country. In general, there are no standards,
and each country develops its own set of criteria for distinguishing cities or urban areas. A city is
generally defined as a political unit, i.e., a place organized and governed by an administrative body.
A way of defining a city or an urban area is by the number of residents.
Define– Urbanization
Urbanization is the concentration of human populations into isolated areas, leading to transformation
of land into residential, industrial, commercial and transportation purposes.
Global Perspective–
The urbanization process refers to much more than simple population magnification; it involves
vicissitudes in the...show more content...
Rapid urbanization in Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs) is causing many
quandaries. Many incipient migrants to cities in LEDCs cannot afford housing. They are coerced to
build ephemeral accommodation in spontaneous settlements.
Rio de Janerio, Brazil's most sizably voluminous settlements, contains a population of
approximately 11.7 million people. Natural Increase is one reason for its magnification (this is
when the birth rate is higher than the death rate). The population has withal grown as the result of
urbanization. This has been caused by rural to urban migration. Millions of people have migrated
from Brazil's rural areas to Rio de Janeiro. 65% of urban magnification is a result of migration.
These are caused by a variety of push and pull factors. The rapid magnification of Rio de Janeiro's
population has led to an astringent shortage of housing.
As the Fig1 suggests, from 1980 to 1995, South Asia's urban population grew over 4%, East Asia
and the Pacific's over 10%, Sub Saharan Africa over 8%, Middle East and North Africa over 9%,
Europe and Central Asia over 7%, Latin America and Caribbean over 9%, and high Income
countries over 3%. This number kept increasing as the years passed by, due to rapid urbanization.
National Perspective–
There are various problems that occur due to urbanization. Coming from India, I have noted a few
of these. Firstly, disintegration of joint families due to high cost of living, people prefer to live in
nuclear families

Urbanization Of Urban Population Growth Essay
1.Introduction
The century is witnessing a greater migration of the world's population into urban dwellers. This
movement of people into major towns and cities of the world is caused by rapid sprawl and it is
observed in developed and developing countries. The increasing population observed is inevitable;
therefore the solution to urban problems depends essentially on effective planning, infrastructural
management and development. Usually, unplanned population growth is associated with population
demands that supersede infrastructure and service capacity, leading to the degradation of the
environment. (Asoka et al., 2013).
Urbanization is very important, but development is carried out at the expense of deforestation,
destruction of biotope, fragmentation of ecosystems, shrinking of the open space among many other
things. A city should be a complex system that entails several interactive sub–systems, it should be
affected by various factors including governmental land policies, population growth, transportation
infrastructure, market behavior to mention just a few. In spite of their regional economic
importance, urban population growth has a substantial impact on the neighboring urban ecosystem
(Yuan, Sawaya et al. 2005).
Land use and transportation systems can be considered as the two most vital subsystems determining
the long term urban form and structure. Meanwhile, urban growth is one of the most important
topics in urban studies, and its main driving forces are

Why Does Urbanization Occur? Essay
Urbanisation is the process which has led to an increasing proportion of a country's population
living within urban areas. It is impossible to say exactly when the process began, but in Britain it
was around the time of the industrial revolution. Many people moved from rural to urban areas in
search of regular employment. The MEDC's around the world are all urbanised now, with annual
growth rates of urbanisation still increasing, but sustainably. LEDC's however are still rapidly
urbanising. In this essay I am going to look at all the factors that cause urbanisation and evaluate
why it is occurring.
The economic reasons behind urbanisation are mainly decided by industry. Industry is generally
located in urban areas. Any industry needs...show more content...
In general any main government base is in an urban area (usually the capital city). This works best
for any government because this is where most things are going on in the country. The government
has a major impact on what is going on around the country. In MEDC's 75% of the population lives
in urban areas. It seems best for any government to see what is going on in the country and be close
to its people.
Similarly in LEDC's the government in charge would find it much easier to operate in a country if
it was right in the main part where food and resources would be more readily available. Also the
government would be able to see what was going on in the country and would find it easier to
collect taxes and improve the country. The fact that the government is located in urban areas
contributes to the migration factors because many people would move for the services and jobs that
a government provides.
Environmental factors don't affect those living in MEDC's so much because they are generally rich
enough to get hold of water, energy and food even if it isn't close because they can usually arrange a
means of transport.
However in LEDC's environmental factors are extremely important, people are sometimes forced to
leave rural areas because of the poverty that is often faced. Also droughts are quite common which
can leave a family with no food or water. Putting this into consideration, people often migrate.
Socially, there are many

The Causes And Effects Of Urbanization In Africa
In developed and developing countries, urban centers have been an alternative center for human
settlement and hence, the rate of urbanization is increasing at the turn of this century. Recent studies
indicate that at the beginning of the twentieth century, only 10% of the world's population lived in
urban areas. However, currently, half of the world's population has become urban dwellers
(UNCHS, 2002). This shows that urbanization all over the world is expanding from time to time
and the change has vast implication on the living conditions of the urban society. Due to rapid
urbanization, the concentration of people especially, in cities and towns of developing countries
increasingly aggravated the problem of housing. A large proportion of residents in cities and towns
developed as well as developing countries are tenants (UN–HABITAT, 2003).
The level of urbanization in the world as a whole was about 46.6 percent in 2000, 50.6 percent in
2010 and it is supposed to reach 57.2 percent in 2025. The corresponding figures for African
countries are 36.0 percent, 40.0 percent, and 47.2 percent respectively. Ethiopia was 14.9 percent
urban in 2000 and 16.7 percent in 2010 and it is projected to be 21.3 percent urban by 2025.
However, urbanization is occurring rapidly in Ethiopia, and it is expected that urban growth rate will
remain the fastest with some decline in Ethiopia than in other African countries on average (UN
World Urbanization Prospects, 2011).
The Ethiopia's economy is

The Importance Of Urbanization
Since China is a developing country with a large population, the scale of urbanization is expanding,
and urban structure becomes increasingly complex and the speed of urbanization is accelerating
(Huang & Duan, 2004) since China's reform and opening up. Rapid urbanization is the main
driving force of urban land growth (Li et al, 2015). Moreover, now and in the next few decades, the
spatial expansion of construction land is becoming the main feature of land–use changing (Yi,
2015). The study of the spatial–temporal characteristics of construction land expansion will further
deepen understanding the nature of the urbanization (Lin, 2007).
A growing body of literature has documented various methods to study the rapid expansion of urban
(Wei, 2017). Remote sensing data and GIS spatial analysis were used to study the spatial expansion
and external morphological evolution of urban or urban agglomerations (Shang et al, 2013; Li et al,
2015; Yi et al, 2015). Urban expansion and surface temperature information on Landsat satellite
images were to study urban expansion and thermal environment changes (Li & Xu, 2014). In
addition, the landscape metrics also could be used to study urbanization and analyze the
spatial–temporal pattern of urban sprawl (Lv et al, 2012; C.Seto & Fragkias, 2005; Zeng et al,
2012). Recently, urban growth models were widely used to simulation the future development of the
city, such as the SLEUTH model, and the spatial regression model (E.A.Silva &

Urbanization In The United States
Urbanization is growing of cities due to expanded of industries, increased of immigration and
population shifted from rural to urban to work in factories. Hirschman and Mogford stated that the
decades surrounding 1900 were not only the age of industrialization in the United States, but were
also the age of urbanization and immigration. Industrialization, immigration, and urbanization are
correlated and interacted with each other. However, all these three have both advantage and
disadvantage. Obviously, the three pros of urbanization are convenience, economic improvement,
and cultural diversity. First at all, the example of convenience is when people in cities can easily
access to health, education and social services due to more availability of facilities and public
transportation. Second at all, the example of economic improvement is when there are more job
opportunity, foreign exchange, and apartment, houses or codons filled with residents. Lastly, the
example of cultural diversity is when...show more content...
The example of unemployment is that since the population increased in the cities, it is competing to
get the job due to the lack of education, health and socioeconomic status. Next, law and order are
difficult to maintain in cities and crime rate are increased due immigration, unemployment, and
poverty. For instance, unemployment and poverty could engage people to commit robbery for
themselves or family to survive in urban area due to the lack of good and sources. In addition, the
abandoned buildings attract vulnerability to crime (Dannenberg, Jackson, Frumkin, Schieber, Pratt,
Kochtitzky, & Tilson 2003). That kind of situation lead to unequal living condition. Obviously,
money is the key that help with better living condition due to development of community, high taxes,
and regulatory. For example, those who have high income can afford to rent or buy a house, condo,
or luxury apartment in

Suburbanization Essay
The topic of suburbanization is a reality in today's world. Over the years, a number of factors
emerge to allow the unstoppable development of a community from a small classic city to a
sprawl. Technological advances, immigration, transportation, and communication are some of the
changing factors that manipulate our lifestyle and shape the way we live, based on our time,
needs, and available resources as a society. You think of how we got where we are today as a
society, we came from using trains and carriages to airplanes and automobiles. We came from
planting our own food to obtaining it from supermarkets, where we can find any type of food from
anywhere around the world. The important of individualism is another factor that plays...show more
content...
There are four important factors around 1840. Rae describes steam, farming, rail, and immigration
as four accidents of urban creation in New Haven. As New Haven grew, the need to provide thecity
with more provisions for the people created more efficient ways to produce and transport the food
faster; it started to take less time on the production of goods. Rail transportation between 1870
and 1920 was one of the factors that had the greatest impact in the development of the United
States, and it was not different for the City of New Haven or any other city. Track mileage grew
in 1850 from 9.021 to more than 100.000 by the 1880s. Rail transportation also increased the
concentration of people in the cities; it allowed an easy transportation of foods and materials
between cities and large distances. The astonishing number of immigrants between 1871 and 1920
combined a mix of cultures that not only contributed to the population growth in New Haven, but
also provided a significant increase in the area of labor. Between 1871 and 1920, about 26.3 million
people arrived in the United States as immigrants, in New Haven the white population rose from
3,697

Urbanization in Africa Essays
Urbanization is the movement from a rural society to an urban society, and involves a growth in the
number of people in urban areas. Urban growth is increasing in both the developed but mostly in the
developing countries. Urbanization is associated with the problems of unemployment, poverty, bad
health, poor cleanliness, urban slums environmental deprivation. This causes a very big problem for
these developing countries and who are some of poorest countries. Africa urbanization is not as big
as most developing countries but is on the rise for it outbursts in city growth lately. (Saundry, 2008).
In Africa, one important feature of the urbanization process is that a lot of the growth is taking place
in the industrial increase....show more content...
As one can see this is something that many people would not want happening. Therefore, the
market forces results in a series of changes in employment, urban agriculture and urban production
systems. For example, ready market leads to an increase in production of horticultural crops and
perishables such as vegetables given the high demand and proximity to urban consumers (Hanson,
2011). These factors therefore, act as a driving force in urbanization in Africa. In support of this
urban trend, available statistics show that more than half of the worlds 6.6 billion people live in
urban areas, jam–packed into 3 percent of the earth's land area (The Economist, 2010). The vast
majority of the world's population living in urban areas, which was less than 5 percent in 1800
increased to 47 percent in 2000 and is expected to reach 65 percent in 2030 (The Economist, 2010).
However, more than 90 percent of future population growth will be concentrated in cities in
developing countries and a large percentage of this population will be poor.
In poor countries, urbanization is the outcome of, and caused by, social, economic and political
developments that lead to urban concentration and growth of large cities, changes in land use and
transformation from rural to urban pattern of organization and governments (Saundry, 2008).
Urbanization is the driving force for

Urbanization Essay

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Urbanization Essay