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Urban water infrastructure

This document is a graduate report on urban infrastructure prepared by two students for a course at the Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology in Surat, India. It discusses various components of a water supply network including collection of water from sources, transmission to a water treatment plant, purification processes at the plant, and distribution of treated water. Diagrams illustrate the flow of water from an intake well drawing from the Tapi River through various treatment units to pumping stations.

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Urban Infrastructure Planning and management (CE 634) GR 2014 Prepared By Sonarkar Prachi P13UP011 Patel Tanvi P13UP017 Guided By Dr. K. A. Chauhan PG URBAN PLANNING Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 1
UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Fundamentals of Water Supply Network Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 2
Urban Infrastructure UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Water Supply Network Drainage network Stromewater Network Solid waste management Physical Electricity Network Communication Network Fuel Energy Fire Network Milk Distribution Network Social Education Health Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 3
Urban Infrastructure UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Water Supply Network Drainage network Stromewater Network Solid waste management Physical Electricity Network Communication Network Fuel Energy Fire Network Milk Distribution Network Social Education Health Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 4
Definition UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Water infrastructure can be defined as a stoke of facilities and installations needed to develop and manage water resources, including delivery, treatment, supply and distribution of water to its users as well as for the collection, removal, treatment and disposal of sewage and wastewater. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 5
UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Public water supply scheme should meet the following requirements: 1. Ensured quality of water supply 2. Ensured sufficient quantity of supply 3. Ensured convenient and easy accessibility of water supply distribution 4. Ensured economic and financial viability of water supply Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 6
Sources of Water UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Source of Water Surface Water       Ponds Lakes Streams Rivers Storage Reservoir Stored Rain Water Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat Ground Water     Springs Infiltration Galleries Infiltration Well Wells: Dug Well Tube Well Artesian Well French Well February 20, 2014 7
Water Requirements  UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 The total consumption per day will be a product of total population and the consumption of water per person per day.  Determination of total water requirement involves determination of: 1. Water Demand (Per day) • Domestic or residential demand • Industrial demand • Institutional demand • Fire demand • Demand for public uses • Water required to compensate losses in waste and thefts 2. Population Determination • It is one of the most important factors in planning a water supply project, if the project has to serve the community for a certain design period. • Design period of 20 to 40 years is selected. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 8
Components water supply scheme FactorsofAffecting Rate of Demand UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014  Size and type of community  Standard of living  Climatic condition  Quality of water  Pressure in the supply  Development of sewerage facilities  Metering of water  Cost of water  System of water supply  Industrial and commercial activities Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 9
Components of of Water Quality water supply scheme UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Potable water should have the following properties: 1. It should be colorless 2. It should be odorless 3. It should have good taste 4. It should not contain any harmful microorganisms or it should be safe microbiologically Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 10
Components of Parameters Quality water supply scheme UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Quality Parameters Physical Quality Parameters       Temperature Color Taste Odor Turbidity Conductivity Chemical Quality Parameters Biological Quality Parameters        Total Solids Chlorides Hardness pH Alkalinity Acidity Nitrogen and its compounds  Metals and other chemical substances  Dissolved Gases Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 11
Components supply scheme Supply Scheme Components of water of Water UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Components Collection Work Transmission Work Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat Purification Work/ Water Treatment Plant Distribution Works February 20, 2014 12
Diagram of Water Supply Scheme Reservoir Dam UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Collection works Transmission works Pump house River Water treatment plant Purification works Pump house Elevated reservoir Distribution system Distribution works Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 13
Components supply scheme Supply Scheme Components of water of Water UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Components Collection Work Transmission Work Purification Work/ Water Treatment Plant Distribution Works Meant for collecting the water from the selected source of water (Surface/Ground) Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 14
Collection of Water UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Intake structure Function of intake: To help in safely collecting or withdrawing water from the surface source over a predetermined pool levels and then to convey this water either by gravity or pumping to the treatment plant via intake conduits. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 15
Types of Intakes UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Types of intake According to the type of source According to the position of intake According to the presence of water in the tower River intake Submerged intake Wet intake Reservoir intake Exposed intake Dry intake Canal intake Lake intake Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 16
Types of Intakes UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Types of intake According to the type of source According to the position of intake According to the presence of water in the tower River intake Submerged intake Wet intake Reservoir intake Exposed intake Dry intake Canal intake Lake intake Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 17
River Intake UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Location Upstream side of city to get comparatively better quality of water According to the type of source Components River Intake  Closed concrete or masonry well  Pumps  Rising main  Entry ports with screens Reservoir Intake Canal Intake Lake Intake Located sufficiently inside the river so that necessary demand of water can be met in all seasons of the year Located slightly away from the river bed when river bed is soft or unstable Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 18
Reservoir Intake According to the type of source UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014   River Intake It is constructed when the flow in the river is not guaranteed throughout the year. A dam is constructed across the river to store the water in the reservoir so formed. Reservoir Intake Canal Intake Intake towers are separately constructed in case of earthen dams but in gravity dam it is constructed inside the dam itself. Lake Intake Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 19
Canal Intake UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 According to the type of source River Intake Reservoir Intake  For small town a nearby irrigation canal can be used as the source of water.  The intake well is generally located in the bank of the canal.  Canal should be lines on upstream and downstream side of the intake to prevent erosion of sides and bed of canal. Canal Intake Lake Intake Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 20
lake Intake UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 According to the type of source River Intake Reservoir Intake Canal Intake Lake Intake  It is submersible intake.  These intakes are constructed in the bed of the lake below the low water level so as to draw water even in dry season. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 21
Components supply scheme Supply Scheme Components of water of Water UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Components Collection Work Transmission Work Meant for collecting the water from the selected source of water (Surface/Ground) Purification Work/ Water Treatment Plant Meant for conveyance of water from source to water treatment plant Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat Distribution Works February 20, 2014 22
Transmission of Water  Water is conveyed to the city by means of conduits.  If the source is at higher elevation than the treatment plant, the water can flow under gravitational force.  If the source of supply of water is river or reservoir and the town is situated at higher level, the water will have to be pumped and conveyed through pressure pump.  UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Water can be conveyed from source to the treatment plant by open channels, aqueducts, tunnels, flumes, pipes. Aqueduct Open channel Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 23
Components supply scheme Supply Scheme Components of water of Water UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Components Transmission Work Meant for collecting the water from the selected source of water (Surface/Ground) Meant for conveyance of water from source to water treatment plant Distribution Works 0 Collection Work Purification Work/ Water Treatment Plant Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat Meant for supplying potable water February 20, 2014 24
Purification of Water UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014  The main aim of water treatment is to produce and maintain water that is hygienically safe, aesthetically attractive and potable in an economical manner.  Water treatment processes are basically meant for removal of impurities of raw water and bringing the quality of water to the required standards. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 25
Flow Diagram of Water Treatment Plant Process Distribution system UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Aeration PreChlorination Channel Flow Measurement Filter Process ClariFloculation Alum Mixing Outlet Flow Measurement Post Chlorination Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 26
Flow Diagram of Water Treatment Plant units From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 27
Flow Diagram of Water Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Clear Water Sump Source of water – River Tapi To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 28
Flow Diagram of Water Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds Name of unit UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Intake well Number 1 of units Detail of unit To draw the water from river Tapi for the water treatment plant Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 29
Flow Diagram of Water Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Name of unit Cascade aeration unit Number of units 1 Detail of unit To increase the dissolved oxygen content in raw water Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 30
Flow Diagram of Water Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Name of unit Stilling Chamber Number of units 1 Detail of unit To control the quantity of raw water and for prechlorination Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 31
Flow Diagram of Water Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Name of unit Parshall Flume Number of units 2 Detail of unit To measure the quantity of raw water Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 32
Flow Diagram of Water Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Name of unit Flash Mixture Number of units 2 Detail of unit To mix the liquid alum in raw water Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 33
Flow Diagram of Water Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Name of unit Lamella Clarifiers Number of units 10 Detail of unit To decrease the turbidity of raw water partially – primary clarification Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 34
Flow Diagram of Water Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Name of unit Rapid Gravity Filter Beds Number of units 14 Detail of unit the process to pass the water through the layer of filter sand Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 35
Flow Diagram of Water Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Name of unit Rapid Gravity Filter Beds Number of units 1 Detail of unit To convey the water to the underground tank and for pumping for filter bed backwash Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 36
Flow Diagram of Water Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 37
Components supply scheme Supply Scheme Components of water of Water UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Components Transmission Work Meant for collecting the water from the selected source of water (Surface/Ground) Meant for conveyance of water from source to water treatment plant Distribution Works 0 Collection Work Purification Work/ Water Treatment Plant Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat Meant for supplying potable water Meant for supplying treated water to the consumer through suitable distribution system February 20, 2014 38
Distribution Work UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 City Level Distribution Distribution System Gravity System Pumping System Combined System  This method is suitable when source of supply is at sufficient height than the city.  The water flows in the mains is due to the gravitational force.  In this system, pumping is not required at any stage. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 39
Distribution Work UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 City Level Distribution Distribution System Gravity System Pumping System Combined System  In this system the treated water is directly pumped in to the distribution mains without storing it any where.  It is also called as pumping without storage system.  Continuous water is required at the pumping station. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 40
Distribution Work UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 City Level Distribution Distribution System Gravity System Pumping System Combined System  This is the most common system adopted in most of the cases.  Treated water is pumped at a constant rate and stored into an elevated distribution reservoir, from where it is distributed to the consumer by the action of gravity. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 41
Distribution Work UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Unit Level Distribution Distribution Network Dead end system Grid iron system Circular system Radial system     One main supply line along the main road Submains are connected to the main in both the direction Submain divides into branch pipes (Laterals) Service connections are given to the consumer from the laterals Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 42
Distribution Work UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Unit Level Distribution Distribution Network Dead end system Grid iron system Circular system Radial system  Main line is laid along the main road  Submains are taken in both directions along minor roads  From Submains branches are taken out and are interconnected Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 43
Distribution Work UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Unit Level Distribution Distribution Network Dead end system Grid iron system Circular system Radial system  Main pipes are laid on the periphery of blocks  Branches, submains are laid along the inner roads  Submains and branches are taken off from the boundary mains and are interconnected. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 44
Distribution Work UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Unit Level Distribution Distribution Network Dead end system Grid iron system Circular system Radial system  Water is pumped into the distribution reservoir kept in the middle of each zone.  Supply pipes are laid radially ending towards the boundary of the area to be served. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 45
Schematic Layout of a Water Treatment Plant Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 February 20, 2014 46
UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Present scenario of water supply system in Surat city Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 47
Present Status (Year 2014) UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Area of city 326.51 sq. km Population of city (as per census year 2011) 45 Lacs Population covered under piped network 93% Source of water River Tapi Total number of water works 5 Total number of water distribution stations 21 Total installed capacity of all WTP 1268 MLD Present gross daily average water supply 900 MLD Frequency of water supply 3.5 hours daily Total storage capacity of all UGSR and ESR 735 ML Total approximate length of all water supply pipeline 3030 km Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 48
Present Water Source Allocation UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Varachha Kosad 5% 2% Rander 19% Sarthana 38% Sarthana Katargam Rander Katargam 36% Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat Varachha Kosad February 20, 2014 49
Water Demand up to Year 2041 Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 February 20, 2014 50
Projected increase in capacity as per master plan UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Present Sr. No Ongoing/ tender works Ultimate Capacity as per Master Plan Year 2013 Up to year 2014-15 Up to year 2041 Water Supply Project Cumulative Capacity Increase 1 Intake well (in MLD) 1463 2033 2433 2 Water Treatment Plants (in MLD) 1268 1468 2135 3 UGSR capacity (in Lac lit) 6775 7133 8508 4 ESR capacity (in Lac lit) 583 1120 1426 5 Pipeline (in km) 3030 3350 3800 Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 51
User Charges UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 As per new water meter policy effective since Dt.01-04-2008;  All new residential & religious purpose water connections above 15mm (1/2 ") dia size shall compulsorily be metered.  All existing water connections prior to Dt.01-04-2008, above 15mm (1/2 ") dia size for residential & religious purpose shifted to metered connections.  All non-residential, commercial & industrial connections above 1/2" size are already metered as per water meter policy prior to Dt.01-04-2008. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 52
Water Charges for all 15 mm (1/2”) Diameter Carpet Area (In sq. meters) UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Annual water charges per family (in Rs.) Residential and Religious purpose Non-residential purpose 0-15 210 300 16-25 360 540 26-50 480 720 51-100 720 1200 101-200 1050 1800 201-500 1500 2400 501 and above 3000 4500 Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 53
Water Charges for above 15 mm (1/2”) Diameter UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Charges per 1000 liters per family Connection Size Sr. No. (in inch) For monthly consumption up to 3000 liters For monthly consumption greater than to 3000 liters 1 ¾” 4.5 12 2 1.0” 4.5 12 3 1.5” 4.5 12 4 2.0” and above 4.5 12 Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 54
Water Charges for above 15 mm (1/2”) Diameter UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Non-residential purpose water connections PURPOSE OF USAGE Charges Per 1000 Liters (in Rs.) Premises for Public institutional services like Bus, Railway, Gujarat Electricity Board, Surat Electricity Company, Banks. 20.00 2 General(non water based ) Industries like power looms/ Diamond/jari -Kasab/Work shop 15.00 3 (A) Sr. No. 1 TYPE Temporary water connection for non-commercial, individual construction purpose. 20.00 Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 55
Water Charges for above 15 mm (1/2”) Diameter UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Non-residential purpose water connections TYPE Sr. No. Charges Per 1000 Liters (in Rs.) PURPOSE OF USAGE 1 For Halls and Vadi's used for social Functions. 15.00 2 Properties like Dispensary, Hospital, Nursing Home, Maternity Home, Dispensary Chemist etc related with medical services, 14.00 3 Photo studios 17.00 4 Dhobi Ghat 15.00 5 Private swimming pools 32.00 6 Gymkhana and Sports Club 32.00 7 All Types of Restaurant and Canteens (inclusive of Tea /Snacks /Farsaan shops ) 20.00 8 Properties like nursery, plantations activity used for commercial use 25.00 9 Properties used for Residential use for Private/Limited company. 20.00 10 Guest Houses. 27.00 (B) Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 56
Water Charges for above 15 mm (1/2”) Diameter UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Non-residential purpose water connections TYPE Sr. No. Charges Per 1000 Liters (in Rs.) PURPOSE OF USAGE 1 27.00 2 Ice Cream /Ice manufacturing organization. 27.00 3 Cold storage Plant 27.00 4 Central Air condition plant. 27.00 5 Pri Cinema / Theatre 27.00 6 Film processing /sound studios/Film laboratory 27.00 7 RCC/PCC Materials and marble Mosaic tiles manufacturing works. Snacks /Farsaan shops ) 27.00 8 Temporary water connection for commercial purpose constructions. 27.00 9 Temporary Water connection for Public Fair, Function, Exhibition . 27.00 10 (C) Soft Drinks/Soda manufacturing organizations. All Types of Hotels - up to three - stars. 27.00 Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 57
Water Charges for above 15 mm (1/2”) Diameter UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Non-residential purpose water connections TYPE Sr. No. PURPOSE OF USAGE Charges Per 1000 Liters (in Rs.) 1 Dyeing & Printing houses. (Except Pandesara GIDC) 27.00 2 4-star/5-star hotel 35.00 3 Water park/Amusement park 27.00 (E) 1 Commercial purpose /shops other than mentioned above. 12.00 (F) 1 For Educational institutions 8.00 (G) 1 For Residence purpose. Outside city area. 15.00 2 For commercial purpose Outside city area. 30.00 3 For Industrial purpose Outside city area. 36.00 (D) Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 58
Revenue Income V/S Expenditure Revenue Income 16000 UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Revenue Expenditure 13708 14000 4000 3651.14 4388.58 6906.67 4857.34 11869 7304.81 7105.16 6690.65 6164.16 6370.15 9164 7513.68 6000 5048.84 8000 4330.39 RS in Lacs 10000 6302.59 12000 2000 0 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Year Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 59
Issues and Challenges UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014  Population growth and urbanization  Growing urban water demand  Infrastructure is aging and deteriorating  Increased pollution from municipal and industrial discharges  Overexploitation of water resources Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 60
UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Innovative Projects Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 61
Rubber Barrage Dam UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) will build a 580 meter wide air balloon structure barrage dam between Umra – Piplod at a cost of RS 120 crore to creat a 10 kilometer long sweet water lake in river Tapi. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 62
Objectives of Project UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014  Long term planning for water supply requirement  To prevent tidal silting  To prevent river pollution  To conserve the maximum excess water spilled released from singnapore weir  To prevent salinity intrusion in ground water  To develop water sports place  To prevent encroachment in the river bed Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 63
Salient Features of Barrage Dam Reservoir Length 10 Kilo meter Average Width 500 Meter Maximum Depth 6 Meter Minimum Depth 2 Meter Barrage Dam Length 580 Meter FRL of Barrage Dam UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 4 Meter Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 64
Benefits of Project UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014  Formation of 10.0 km long reservoir for future water crisis management  Ground water recharging for areas in the downstream of weir  Restricting tidal silting  Development of water sports activity  Restricting encroachment in the river bed of Tapi river  Prevention of bank corrosion due to tidal erosion  Providing drinking water supply to city from reservoir  Improving aesthetic beauty and environment of SURAT  Development of amusement park near Bhatha village  Development of stepped garden, River drive road on the riverbank  Preservation of ill effects on weir cum causeway Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 65
Kakrapar To Surat Water Supply Project  UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 The water intake presently for the whole city is done from only natural source that is Tapti river.  Keeping in mind the future water requirements of surat city, local body has taken a decision on fulfilling it from Kakrapar weir.  This would be a project from Kakrapar weir to Surat having a total pipe length of 58 km.  Total budget with Rs. 25 crore has been assigned to this project. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 66
Design Considerations UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014  The pipeline should be as short in length as possible.  The chance of leakages is more so maintenance at various points is required.  The pressure needs to be maintained as that would create damage to the pipes and further lead to maintenance problem. PROJECT DETAILS Total project cost 25 crores Pipe length 58 km Pipe type to be used Ductile iron Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 67
Pipeline Proposed for Water Supply UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 The red line shows water supply from kakrapar to surat taken along the river and then along the NH to varachha water works. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 68
Sustainability of the kakarapar – Surat Pipeline Project UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014  Distribution to villages will be possible by this project  More population will be cover under this project  Varachha treatment plant will get the raw water and so the capacity of this plant will be increased by large amount Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 69
UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 References 1. Punamia B.C. and Jain Ashok K., “Water Supply Engineering”, (1999), Laxmi Publications PVT.LTD, New Delhi. 2. B.S. Raju ,”Water supply and Waste water engineering”, (2001),Tata Macgraw-Hill Publishing CO. LTD, New Delhi. 3. Deswal S.S. and Deswal S.,” Environmental Engineering”, (2001), Dhanpatrai And CO. PVT. LTD., Delhi. 4. Surat City Development Plan Webliography 1. http://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 70
UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 71

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Urban water infrastructure

  • 1.
    Urban Infrastructure Planning andmanagement (CE 634) GR 2014 Prepared By Sonarkar Prachi P13UP011 Patel Tanvi P13UP017 Guided By Dr. K. A. Chauhan PG URBAN PLANNING Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 1
  • 2.
    UIPM (CE -634) Graduate Report - 2014 Fundamentals of Water Supply Network Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 2
  • 3.
    Urban Infrastructure UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Water Supply Network Drainage network Stromewater Network Solid waste management Physical Electricity Network Communication Network Fuel Energy Fire Network Milk Distribution Network Social Education Health Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 3
  • 4.
    Urban Infrastructure UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Water Supply Network Drainage network Stromewater Network Solid waste management Physical Electricity Network Communication Network Fuel Energy Fire Network Milk Distribution Network Social Education Health Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 4
  • 5.
    Definition UIPM (CE -634) Graduate Report - 2014 Water infrastructure can be defined as a stoke of facilities and installations needed to develop and manage water resources, including delivery, treatment, supply and distribution of water to its users as well as for the collection, removal, treatment and disposal of sewage and wastewater. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 5
  • 6.
    UIPM (CE -634) Graduate Report - 2014 Public water supply scheme should meet the following requirements: 1. Ensured quality of water supply 2. Ensured sufficient quantity of supply 3. Ensured convenient and easy accessibility of water supply distribution 4. Ensured economic and financial viability of water supply Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 6
  • 7.
    Sources of Water UIPM(CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Source of Water Surface Water       Ponds Lakes Streams Rivers Storage Reservoir Stored Rain Water Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat Ground Water     Springs Infiltration Galleries Infiltration Well Wells: Dug Well Tube Well Artesian Well French Well February 20, 2014 7
  • 8.
    Water Requirements  UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014 The total consumption per day will be a product of total population and the consumption of water per person per day.  Determination of total water requirement involves determination of: 1. Water Demand (Per day) • Domestic or residential demand • Industrial demand • Institutional demand • Fire demand • Demand for public uses • Water required to compensate losses in waste and thefts 2. Population Determination • It is one of the most important factors in planning a water supply project, if the project has to serve the community for a certain design period. • Design period of 20 to 40 years is selected. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 8
  • 9.
    Components water supplyscheme FactorsofAffecting Rate of Demand UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014  Size and type of community  Standard of living  Climatic condition  Quality of water  Pressure in the supply  Development of sewerage facilities  Metering of water  Cost of water  System of water supply  Industrial and commercial activities Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 9
  • 10.
    Components of ofWater Quality water supply scheme UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Potable water should have the following properties: 1. It should be colorless 2. It should be odorless 3. It should have good taste 4. It should not contain any harmful microorganisms or it should be safe microbiologically Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 10
  • 11.
    Components of Parameters Qualitywater supply scheme UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Quality Parameters Physical Quality Parameters       Temperature Color Taste Odor Turbidity Conductivity Chemical Quality Parameters Biological Quality Parameters        Total Solids Chlorides Hardness pH Alkalinity Acidity Nitrogen and its compounds  Metals and other chemical substances  Dissolved Gases Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 11
  • 12.
    Components supply schemeSupply Scheme Components of water of Water UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Components Collection Work Transmission Work Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat Purification Work/ Water Treatment Plant Distribution Works February 20, 2014 12
  • 13.
    Diagram of WaterSupply Scheme Reservoir Dam UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Collection works Transmission works Pump house River Water treatment plant Purification works Pump house Elevated reservoir Distribution system Distribution works Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 13
  • 14.
    Components supply schemeSupply Scheme Components of water of Water UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Components Collection Work Transmission Work Purification Work/ Water Treatment Plant Distribution Works Meant for collecting the water from the selected source of water (Surface/Ground) Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 14
  • 15.
    Collection of Water UIPM(CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Intake structure Function of intake: To help in safely collecting or withdrawing water from the surface source over a predetermined pool levels and then to convey this water either by gravity or pumping to the treatment plant via intake conduits. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 15
  • 16.
    Types of Intakes UIPM(CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Types of intake According to the type of source According to the position of intake According to the presence of water in the tower River intake Submerged intake Wet intake Reservoir intake Exposed intake Dry intake Canal intake Lake intake Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 16
  • 17.
    Types of Intakes UIPM(CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Types of intake According to the type of source According to the position of intake According to the presence of water in the tower River intake Submerged intake Wet intake Reservoir intake Exposed intake Dry intake Canal intake Lake intake Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 17
  • 18.
    River Intake UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Location Upstream side of city to get comparatively better quality of water According to the type of source Components River Intake  Closed concrete or masonry well  Pumps  Rising main  Entry ports with screens Reservoir Intake Canal Intake Lake Intake Located sufficiently inside the river so that necessary demand of water can be met in all seasons of the year Located slightly away from the river bed when river bed is soft or unstable Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 18
  • 19.
    Reservoir Intake According tothe type of source UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014   River Intake It is constructed when the flow in the river is not guaranteed throughout the year. A dam is constructed across the river to store the water in the reservoir so formed. Reservoir Intake Canal Intake Intake towers are separately constructed in case of earthen dams but in gravity dam it is constructed inside the dam itself. Lake Intake Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 19
  • 20.
    Canal Intake UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014 According to the type of source River Intake Reservoir Intake  For small town a nearby irrigation canal can be used as the source of water.  The intake well is generally located in the bank of the canal.  Canal should be lines on upstream and downstream side of the intake to prevent erosion of sides and bed of canal. Canal Intake Lake Intake Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 20
  • 21.
    lake Intake UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014 According to the type of source River Intake Reservoir Intake Canal Intake Lake Intake  It is submersible intake.  These intakes are constructed in the bed of the lake below the low water level so as to draw water even in dry season. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 21
  • 22.
    Components supply schemeSupply Scheme Components of water of Water UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Components Collection Work Transmission Work Meant for collecting the water from the selected source of water (Surface/Ground) Purification Work/ Water Treatment Plant Meant for conveyance of water from source to water treatment plant Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat Distribution Works February 20, 2014 22
  • 23.
    Transmission of Water  Wateris conveyed to the city by means of conduits.  If the source is at higher elevation than the treatment plant, the water can flow under gravitational force.  If the source of supply of water is river or reservoir and the town is situated at higher level, the water will have to be pumped and conveyed through pressure pump.  UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Water can be conveyed from source to the treatment plant by open channels, aqueducts, tunnels, flumes, pipes. Aqueduct Open channel Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 23
  • 24.
    Components supply schemeSupply Scheme Components of water of Water UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Components Transmission Work Meant for collecting the water from the selected source of water (Surface/Ground) Meant for conveyance of water from source to water treatment plant Distribution Works 0 Collection Work Purification Work/ Water Treatment Plant Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat Meant for supplying potable water February 20, 2014 24
  • 25.
    Purification of Water UIPM(CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014  The main aim of water treatment is to produce and maintain water that is hygienically safe, aesthetically attractive and potable in an economical manner.  Water treatment processes are basically meant for removal of impurities of raw water and bringing the quality of water to the required standards. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 25
  • 26.
    Flow Diagram ofWater Treatment Plant Process Distribution system UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Aeration PreChlorination Channel Flow Measurement Filter Process ClariFloculation Alum Mixing Outlet Flow Measurement Post Chlorination Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 26
  • 27.
    Flow Diagram ofWater Treatment Plant units From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 27
  • 28.
    Flow Diagram ofWater Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Clear Water Sump Source of water – River Tapi To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 28
  • 29.
    Flow Diagram ofWater Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds Name of unit UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Intake well Number 1 of units Detail of unit To draw the water from river Tapi for the water treatment plant Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 29
  • 30.
    Flow Diagram ofWater Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Name of unit Cascade aeration unit Number of units 1 Detail of unit To increase the dissolved oxygen content in raw water Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 30
  • 31.
    Flow Diagram ofWater Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Name of unit Stilling Chamber Number of units 1 Detail of unit To control the quantity of raw water and for prechlorination Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 31
  • 32.
    Flow Diagram ofWater Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Name of unit Parshall Flume Number of units 2 Detail of unit To measure the quantity of raw water Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 32
  • 33.
    Flow Diagram ofWater Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Name of unit Flash Mixture Number of units 2 Detail of unit To mix the liquid alum in raw water Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 33
  • 34.
    Flow Diagram ofWater Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Name of unit Lamella Clarifiers Number of units 10 Detail of unit To decrease the turbidity of raw water partially – primary clarification Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 34
  • 35.
    Flow Diagram ofWater Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Name of unit Rapid Gravity Filter Beds Number of units 14 Detail of unit the process to pass the water through the layer of filter sand Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 35
  • 36.
    Flow Diagram ofWater Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Name of unit Rapid Gravity Filter Beds Number of units 1 Detail of unit To convey the water to the underground tank and for pumping for filter bed backwash Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 36
  • 37.
    Flow Diagram ofWater Treatment Plant From River Tapi Intake Well Cascade Aerator Flash Mixture Parshall Flume Stilling Chamber Lamella Clarifiers Rapid Gravity Filter Beds UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Clear Water Sump To Pumping Stations Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 37
  • 38.
    Components supply schemeSupply Scheme Components of water of Water UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Components Transmission Work Meant for collecting the water from the selected source of water (Surface/Ground) Meant for conveyance of water from source to water treatment plant Distribution Works 0 Collection Work Purification Work/ Water Treatment Plant Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat Meant for supplying potable water Meant for supplying treated water to the consumer through suitable distribution system February 20, 2014 38
  • 39.
    Distribution Work UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014 City Level Distribution Distribution System Gravity System Pumping System Combined System  This method is suitable when source of supply is at sufficient height than the city.  The water flows in the mains is due to the gravitational force.  In this system, pumping is not required at any stage. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 39
  • 40.
    Distribution Work UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014 City Level Distribution Distribution System Gravity System Pumping System Combined System  In this system the treated water is directly pumped in to the distribution mains without storing it any where.  It is also called as pumping without storage system.  Continuous water is required at the pumping station. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 40
  • 41.
    Distribution Work UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014 City Level Distribution Distribution System Gravity System Pumping System Combined System  This is the most common system adopted in most of the cases.  Treated water is pumped at a constant rate and stored into an elevated distribution reservoir, from where it is distributed to the consumer by the action of gravity. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 41
  • 42.
    Distribution Work UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Unit Level Distribution Distribution Network Dead end system Grid iron system Circular system Radial system     One main supply line along the main road Submains are connected to the main in both the direction Submain divides into branch pipes (Laterals) Service connections are given to the consumer from the laterals Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 42
  • 43.
    Distribution Work UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Unit Level Distribution Distribution Network Dead end system Grid iron system Circular system Radial system  Main line is laid along the main road  Submains are taken in both directions along minor roads  From Submains branches are taken out and are interconnected Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 43
  • 44.
    Distribution Work UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Unit Level Distribution Distribution Network Dead end system Grid iron system Circular system Radial system  Main pipes are laid on the periphery of blocks  Branches, submains are laid along the inner roads  Submains and branches are taken off from the boundary mains and are interconnected. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 44
  • 45.
    Distribution Work UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Unit Level Distribution Distribution Network Dead end system Grid iron system Circular system Radial system  Water is pumped into the distribution reservoir kept in the middle of each zone.  Supply pipes are laid radially ending towards the boundary of the area to be served. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 45
  • 46.
    Schematic Layout ofa Water Treatment Plant Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 February 20, 2014 46
  • 47.
    UIPM (CE -634) Graduate Report - 2014 Present scenario of water supply system in Surat city Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 47
  • 48.
    Present Status (Year2014) UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Area of city 326.51 sq. km Population of city (as per census year 2011) 45 Lacs Population covered under piped network 93% Source of water River Tapi Total number of water works 5 Total number of water distribution stations 21 Total installed capacity of all WTP 1268 MLD Present gross daily average water supply 900 MLD Frequency of water supply 3.5 hours daily Total storage capacity of all UGSR and ESR 735 ML Total approximate length of all water supply pipeline 3030 km Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 48
  • 49.
    Present Water SourceAllocation UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Varachha Kosad 5% 2% Rander 19% Sarthana 38% Sarthana Katargam Rander Katargam 36% Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat Varachha Kosad February 20, 2014 49
  • 50.
    Water Demand upto Year 2041 Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 February 20, 2014 50
  • 51.
    Projected increase incapacity as per master plan UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Present Sr. No Ongoing/ tender works Ultimate Capacity as per Master Plan Year 2013 Up to year 2014-15 Up to year 2041 Water Supply Project Cumulative Capacity Increase 1 Intake well (in MLD) 1463 2033 2433 2 Water Treatment Plants (in MLD) 1268 1468 2135 3 UGSR capacity (in Lac lit) 6775 7133 8508 4 ESR capacity (in Lac lit) 583 1120 1426 5 Pipeline (in km) 3030 3350 3800 Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 51
  • 52.
    User Charges UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014 As per new water meter policy effective since Dt.01-04-2008;  All new residential & religious purpose water connections above 15mm (1/2 ") dia size shall compulsorily be metered.  All existing water connections prior to Dt.01-04-2008, above 15mm (1/2 ") dia size for residential & religious purpose shifted to metered connections.  All non-residential, commercial & industrial connections above 1/2" size are already metered as per water meter policy prior to Dt.01-04-2008. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 52
  • 53.
    Water Charges forall 15 mm (1/2”) Diameter Carpet Area (In sq. meters) UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Annual water charges per family (in Rs.) Residential and Religious purpose Non-residential purpose 0-15 210 300 16-25 360 540 26-50 480 720 51-100 720 1200 101-200 1050 1800 201-500 1500 2400 501 and above 3000 4500 Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 53
  • 54.
    Water Charges forabove 15 mm (1/2”) Diameter UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Charges per 1000 liters per family Connection Size Sr. No. (in inch) For monthly consumption up to 3000 liters For monthly consumption greater than to 3000 liters 1 ¾” 4.5 12 2 1.0” 4.5 12 3 1.5” 4.5 12 4 2.0” and above 4.5 12 Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 54
  • 55.
    Water Charges forabove 15 mm (1/2”) Diameter UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Non-residential purpose water connections PURPOSE OF USAGE Charges Per 1000 Liters (in Rs.) Premises for Public institutional services like Bus, Railway, Gujarat Electricity Board, Surat Electricity Company, Banks. 20.00 2 General(non water based ) Industries like power looms/ Diamond/jari -Kasab/Work shop 15.00 3 (A) Sr. No. 1 TYPE Temporary water connection for non-commercial, individual construction purpose. 20.00 Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 55
  • 56.
    Water Charges forabove 15 mm (1/2”) Diameter UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Non-residential purpose water connections TYPE Sr. No. Charges Per 1000 Liters (in Rs.) PURPOSE OF USAGE 1 For Halls and Vadi's used for social Functions. 15.00 2 Properties like Dispensary, Hospital, Nursing Home, Maternity Home, Dispensary Chemist etc related with medical services, 14.00 3 Photo studios 17.00 4 Dhobi Ghat 15.00 5 Private swimming pools 32.00 6 Gymkhana and Sports Club 32.00 7 All Types of Restaurant and Canteens (inclusive of Tea /Snacks /Farsaan shops ) 20.00 8 Properties like nursery, plantations activity used for commercial use 25.00 9 Properties used for Residential use for Private/Limited company. 20.00 10 Guest Houses. 27.00 (B) Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 56
  • 57.
    Water Charges forabove 15 mm (1/2”) Diameter UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Non-residential purpose water connections TYPE Sr. No. Charges Per 1000 Liters (in Rs.) PURPOSE OF USAGE 1 27.00 2 Ice Cream /Ice manufacturing organization. 27.00 3 Cold storage Plant 27.00 4 Central Air condition plant. 27.00 5 Pri Cinema / Theatre 27.00 6 Film processing /sound studios/Film laboratory 27.00 7 RCC/PCC Materials and marble Mosaic tiles manufacturing works. Snacks /Farsaan shops ) 27.00 8 Temporary water connection for commercial purpose constructions. 27.00 9 Temporary Water connection for Public Fair, Function, Exhibition . 27.00 10 (C) Soft Drinks/Soda manufacturing organizations. All Types of Hotels - up to three - stars. 27.00 Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 57
  • 58.
    Water Charges forabove 15 mm (1/2”) Diameter UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Non-residential purpose water connections TYPE Sr. No. PURPOSE OF USAGE Charges Per 1000 Liters (in Rs.) 1 Dyeing & Printing houses. (Except Pandesara GIDC) 27.00 2 4-star/5-star hotel 35.00 3 Water park/Amusement park 27.00 (E) 1 Commercial purpose /shops other than mentioned above. 12.00 (F) 1 For Educational institutions 8.00 (G) 1 For Residence purpose. Outside city area. 15.00 2 For commercial purpose Outside city area. 30.00 3 For Industrial purpose Outside city area. 36.00 (D) Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 58
  • 59.
    Revenue Income V/SExpenditure Revenue Income 16000 UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Revenue Expenditure 13708 14000 4000 3651.14 4388.58 6906.67 4857.34 11869 7304.81 7105.16 6690.65 6164.16 6370.15 9164 7513.68 6000 5048.84 8000 4330.39 RS in Lacs 10000 6302.59 12000 2000 0 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Year Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 59
  • 60.
    Issues and Challenges UIPM(CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014  Population growth and urbanization  Growing urban water demand  Infrastructure is aging and deteriorating  Increased pollution from municipal and industrial discharges  Overexploitation of water resources Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 60
  • 61.
    UIPM (CE -634) Graduate Report - 2014 Innovative Projects Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 61
  • 62.
    Rubber Barrage Dam UIPM(CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) will build a 580 meter wide air balloon structure barrage dam between Umra – Piplod at a cost of RS 120 crore to creat a 10 kilometer long sweet water lake in river Tapi. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 62
  • 63.
    Objectives of Project UIPM(CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014  Long term planning for water supply requirement  To prevent tidal silting  To prevent river pollution  To conserve the maximum excess water spilled released from singnapore weir  To prevent salinity intrusion in ground water  To develop water sports place  To prevent encroachment in the river bed Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 63
  • 64.
    Salient Features ofBarrage Dam Reservoir Length 10 Kilo meter Average Width 500 Meter Maximum Depth 6 Meter Minimum Depth 2 Meter Barrage Dam Length 580 Meter FRL of Barrage Dam UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 4 Meter Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 64
  • 65.
    Benefits of Project UIPM(CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014  Formation of 10.0 km long reservoir for future water crisis management  Ground water recharging for areas in the downstream of weir  Restricting tidal silting  Development of water sports activity  Restricting encroachment in the river bed of Tapi river  Prevention of bank corrosion due to tidal erosion  Providing drinking water supply to city from reservoir  Improving aesthetic beauty and environment of SURAT  Development of amusement park near Bhatha village  Development of stepped garden, River drive road on the riverbank  Preservation of ill effects on weir cum causeway Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 65
  • 66.
    Kakrapar To SuratWater Supply Project  UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 The water intake presently for the whole city is done from only natural source that is Tapti river.  Keeping in mind the future water requirements of surat city, local body has taken a decision on fulfilling it from Kakrapar weir.  This would be a project from Kakrapar weir to Surat having a total pipe length of 58 km.  Total budget with Rs. 25 crore has been assigned to this project. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 66
  • 67.
    Design Considerations UIPM (CE- 634) Graduate Report - 2014  The pipeline should be as short in length as possible.  The chance of leakages is more so maintenance at various points is required.  The pressure needs to be maintained as that would create damage to the pipes and further lead to maintenance problem. PROJECT DETAILS Total project cost 25 crores Pipe length 58 km Pipe type to be used Ductile iron Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 67
  • 68.
    Pipeline Proposed forWater Supply UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014 The red line shows water supply from kakrapar to surat taken along the river and then along the NH to varachha water works. Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 68
  • 69.
    Sustainability of thekakarapar – Surat Pipeline Project UIPM (CE - 634) Graduate Report - 2014  Distribution to villages will be possible by this project  More population will be cover under this project  Varachha treatment plant will get the raw water and so the capacity of this plant will be increased by large amount Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 69
  • 70.
    UIPM (CE -634) Graduate Report - 2014 References 1. Punamia B.C. and Jain Ashok K., “Water Supply Engineering”, (1999), Laxmi Publications PVT.LTD, New Delhi. 2. B.S. Raju ,”Water supply and Waste water engineering”, (2001),Tata Macgraw-Hill Publishing CO. LTD, New Delhi. 3. Deswal S.S. and Deswal S.,” Environmental Engineering”, (2001), Dhanpatrai And CO. PVT. LTD., Delhi. 4. Surat City Development Plan Webliography 1. http://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 70
  • 71.
    UIPM (CE -634) Graduate Report - 2014 Civil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning), Semester-1 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat February 20, 2014 71