The document discusses universal joints and intermittent motion mechanisms. Universal joints, such as the Hooke or Cardan joint, allow rotating shafts to be linked together and have a long history dating back to ancient China. Intermittent motion mechanisms transform uniform rotational motion into progressive or alternating motion, as seen in devices like the Geneva wheel. Examples of where these mechanisms are used include film projectors, watches, pen plotters, and automated assembly lines.

1. Universal Joint
And
Intermittent Motion
Mechanism
Group 5
Michael Angelo Azada
Exel JD Mae Baloloy
Noel Angelo Cahayag
Charlene Ramirez
Keane Cabrera
Rogelio Gonzales
Jhoemel Flores

2. UNIVERSAL
JOINT

4. UNIVERSAL JOINT
A mechanical device that allows one or
more rotating shafts to be linked
together
The most common type of universal
joint is the Hooke or Cardan joint.

5. HISTORY
Cardan joint- The gimbal suspension used for
mounting compasses and the like is sometimes
called a Cardan suspension after Italian
mathematician and physicist Gerolamo Cardano
(1501–1576)
Hardy-Spicer joint- Hardy Spicer (company) began
operating as a specialist in driveline components to
service the automotive industry. The company was
incorporated in Victoria in January 1949 and became
part of the well known Repco Group in the 1950s.
Hooke's joint - Robert Hooke is commonly thought
of as the inventor of ‘Hooke's joint’ or the ‘universal
joint’.

6. -The first known application
of the universal joint
occurred in China more
than 2,000 years ago. The
Chinese had invented what
we call “gimbals,” a series
of interlocking rings within a
device that allowed a
candle placed in the center
to remain upright
regardless of the device’s
position.

7. A gimbal is a pivoted support that allows the
rotation of an object about a single axis.
In China, the Han Dynasty (202 BCE – 220
CE) inventor Ding Huan created a gimbal
incense burner around 180 CE
Han Dynasty Period
206 BC – 220 AD

9. Degrees of freedom:
D.O.F= 3(N-1)-2P
D.O.F= 3(2-1)-2(1)
D.O.F= 1

11. To obtain a constant velocity ratio, two
Cardan joints are connected. The angle
between shaft 2 and 3 and shaft 3 and 4
should be equal.

12. SEVERAL UNIVERSAL JOINTS WITH
CONSTANT VELOCITY RATIO
Universal joints used in toys:
- Invented to give a constant velocity ratio
- Radii are equal thus it produces constant velocity

14. -Motion is transmitted from one shaft to the
other through 4 balls which fit between raes in
the yokes of the shafts.
-Races are designed so that the center of each
ball lies in the homokinetic plane at all times
thus producing a constant velocity ratio.
-A fifth ball, center of which lies at the
intersection of the shaft’s axes is used in
conjunction with a means of locking the parts in
assembly and for carrying end thrust.
BENDIX-WEISS JOINT

16. TRACTA JOINT

17. RZEPPA JOINT

18. TRIPOD JOINT

19. DOUBLE CARDAN

20. THOMPSON COUPLING

21. Advantages and Disadvantages
of Universal Joint
Advantages:
-Universal coupling is more flexible than knuckle
joint.
-It facilitates torque transmission between shafts
which have angular misalignment.
-It is cheap and cost effective.
-It is simple to be assembled and dismantled.
-Torque transmission efficiency is high.
-The joint permits angular displacements.

22. Disadvantages:
-Wear may occur if the
joint is not properly
lubricated.
-Maintenance is often
necessary to avoid wear.
-Universal joint produces
fluctuating motion.
-It does not support axial
misalignment.

23. INTERMITTENT
MOTION
MECHANISM

24. INTERMITTENT MOTION
MECHANISM
- Transforms an incoming motion, generally
uniform rotational, in an outgoing progressive
or alternating intermittent motion.
- Usually, this intermittent motion is rotational,
but it can be also transformed into translator
rectilinear motion by means of appropriate
transmission mechanism.

25. HISTORY
- There is no said discoverer of the
mechanism.
- This mechanism was used in order to for the
fabric to be fed correctly. Through this, the
fabric was ensured to be stationary or still
while every stich is made when moving the
required stitches between distances.

26. GENEVA WHEEL/ GENEVA
MECHANISM
- translates a continuous
rotation into an
intermittent rotary motion.
The rotating drive wheel
has a pin that reaches
into a slot of the driven
wheel advancing it by one
step. The drive wheel also
has a raised circular
blocking disc that locks
the driven wheel in
position between steps.

29. RATCHET WHEEL/ RATCHET
MECHANISM
-A wheel provided with suitably shaped teeth,
receiving an intermittent circular motion from an
oscillating or reciprocating member, is called a
ratchet wheel.
-based on a wheel that has teeth cut out of it and
a pawl that follows as the wheel turns.

32. APPLICATIONS

33. FILM PROJECTORS
This mechanism is used
in film projectors, where
the film stops in front of
the projector bulb for a
fraction of a second
(usually 1/24th) before
moving on.

35. WATCHES/ MECHANICAL
CLOCK
It is also used to
interrupt the drive
force in a mechanical
clock or watch to keep
the spring tension
within range.

38. PEN PLOTTER
- Pen change
mechanism in a pen
plotter

39. AUTOMATED WORK
ASSEMBLY TRANSFER LINES

40. ROTARY TABLE

41. OTHER APPLICATIONS:
- Pen Plotters
- Automated Sampling machines
- Banknote counting machines
- Indexable equipment used in
manufacturing

42. REFERENCES
 Borboni, Alberto. Faglia, Rodolfo. “Parasitic Phenomena in the
Dynamics of Industrial Devices”: CRC Press, 2011. Page 267
“Intermittors”.
 Bickford, John H. “Mechanisms for Intermittent Motion”. Ithaca, New
York: Industrial Press 1972.
 Martin, George H. “Kinematics and Dynamics of Machine”
 http://what-when-how.com/automobile/universal-joints-automobile/
Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology By Victor Albert Walter
Hillier
 http://gizzardstone.com/2012/08/how-it-works-malta-cross-geneva-
mechanism/
 http://wikipedia.org
 http://www.technologystudent.com/cams/ratch1.htm
 https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~rapidproto/mechanisms/chpt8.html
 http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112103174/19