The document discusses the governing of hydraulic turbines, focusing on maintaining constant speed for electric generators connected to them. It explains the importance of speed regulation and different methods for impulse and reaction turbines, including spear and deflector regulations. Additionally, it outlines the components involved in the governing process, such as servomotors and regulating rings.

1. 11
Prepared by:
Satish G. Taji
Assistant Professor
Civil Engineering Department
SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon
Topic Covered:
• Governing of Turbines
Fluid Mechanics:
Hydraulic Turbines

2. Governing of Turbine
 Governing of hydraulic turbine means speed regulation.
 Governing of a turbine is necessary as a turbine is
directly coupled to an electric generator.
 The generators are always required to run at constant
speed irrespective of the variations in the load.
 This constant speed (N) r.p.m. of the generator is given
by the expression
f = p x N / 60
where f is the frequency for power generated in cycles
per second and p is the number of pair of poles for the
generator.
Usually f = 50Hz and hence
Prepared By Prof. S. G. Taji

3. Governing of Turbine
 The speed of the generator can be maintained constant
only if the speed of the turbine runner is constant equal
to the one given by previous eq of N
 It is then known as the synchronous speed of the
turbine runner for which it is designed.
 This is achieved by means of a governor called oil
pressure governor.
Prepared By Prof. S. G. Taji

4. Governing of Turbine – Impulse
 Governing of Impulse Turbines
 In order to regulate the quantity of water rejected from
the turbine nozzle and from striking the buckets one of
the following methods of regulation may be adapted :
 1. Spear regulation
 2. Deflector regulation
 3. Combined spear and
deflector regulation.

5. Governing of Turbine – Impulse
Centrifugal Governor
Image Courtesy: ANUNIVERSE 22 (Youtube.com)

6. Governing of Turbine
 Governing of Reaction Turbines
 In a reaction turbine the discharge is controlled by
varying the area of flow between adjacent guide vanes.
 The guide vanes are connected to the regulating ring
through links.
 The regulating ring is connected to the regulating lever
through two regulating rods.
 The regulating ring is thus connected to the regulating
shaft which is operated by a servomotor
 The servomotor, oil sump, control valve and system of
pipes, etc. are similar to that in the governing
arrangement of an impulse turbine. The component
parts are stronger as the greater energy is required to move the gates
as compared to the spear in the nozzle of a Pelton turbine.

7. Governing of Turbine – Reaction
Image Source: Fluid Mechanics by PN Modi
Governor For Reaction Turbine