This document discusses angular kinematics of human movement. It defines relative and absolute angles and describes tools used to measure body angles like goniometers, electrogoniometers, and inclinometers. It also discusses instant centers of rotation and angular kinematic relationships like angular distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Additionally, it covers the relationships between linear and angular motion and velocity.
This document discusses angular kinematics of human movement. It defines relative angles as those formed between adjacent body segments at a joint, while absolute angles are the orientation of a single segment relative to a fixed reference line. Common tools for measuring body angles include goniometers, electrogoniometers, and inclinometers. Key angular kinematic relationships explained are angular distance and displacement, angular speed and velocity, angular acceleration, and the relationships between linear and angular motion using equations like s=rφ and V=rω.
SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION.pptxGiridhar D
This document provides an overview of systems of particles, rigid bodies, rotational motion, and related concepts in physics. It begins by defining a system of particles and discussing the centre of mass. It then covers rotational motion, including the moment of inertia, torque, angular momentum, and conservation of angular momentum. Specific topics like rigid bodies, rolling motion, and the kinetics and dynamics of rotational systems are examined. Equations for calculating properties like moment of inertia for regular shapes are also provided. The document aims to comprehensively cover fundamental concepts relating to rotational mechanics.
class-11, ch-6 ( system of particles and rotational motion).pptxbablivashisht
This document provides an overview of systems of particles, rotational motion, and related concepts in physics. It begins by defining a system of particles and discussing the centre of mass. It then covers rotational motion of rigid bodies, including the moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axis theorems, and kinetics of rotational motion like work, power, and kinetic energy. Finally, it discusses angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum, and comparisons between linear and rotational motion. Key concepts covered include torque, rotational inertia, rolling motion, and relationships between angular momentum, angular velocity, and kinetic energy.
This document discusses linear kinematics and uniformly accelerated linear motion. It defines key concepts like displacement, velocity, acceleration, and their relationships. For uniformly accelerated linear motion where acceleration is constant, it presents the kinematic equations that relate displacement, initial/final velocities, time, and acceleration. These equations can be used to solve problems involving uniformly accelerated one-dimensional motion.
Moment of inertia concepts in Rotational Mechanicsphysicscatalyst
Moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its angular acceleration due to an applied torque. It depends on how the object's mass is distributed relative to its pivot point. The moment of inertia of a rigid body can be calculated by imagining it divided into particles, multiplying each particle's mass by the square of its distance from the axis of rotation, and summing these values. Important theorems for calculating moment of inertia include the perpendicular axis theorem and parallel axis theorem. Examples are given for calculating the moment of inertia of a solid disk and sphere about their central axes.
This document discusses the Lorentz transformation of intrinsic orbital momentum. It defines intrinsic orbital momentum as the angular momentum of a system measured from its center of mass in the center of momentum frame where its total momentum is zero. The intrinsic orbital momentum transforms like a spacelike vector under Lorentz transformations, experiencing contraction in the direction perpendicular to the boost velocity rather than parallel to it. As an example, it calculates the intrinsic orbital momentum of a two-particle system with one particle orbiting the other.
This document discusses angular kinematics of human movement. It defines relative and absolute angles and describes tools used to measure body angles like goniometers, electrogoniometers, and inclinometers. It also discusses instant centers of rotation and angular kinematic relationships like angular distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Additionally, it covers the relationships between linear and angular motion and velocity.
This document discusses angular kinematics of human movement. It defines relative angles as those formed between adjacent body segments at a joint, while absolute angles are the orientation of a single segment relative to a fixed reference line. Common tools for measuring body angles include goniometers, electrogoniometers, and inclinometers. Key angular kinematic relationships explained are angular distance and displacement, angular speed and velocity, angular acceleration, and the relationships between linear and angular motion using equations like s=rφ and V=rω.
SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION.pptxGiridhar D
This document provides an overview of systems of particles, rigid bodies, rotational motion, and related concepts in physics. It begins by defining a system of particles and discussing the centre of mass. It then covers rotational motion, including the moment of inertia, torque, angular momentum, and conservation of angular momentum. Specific topics like rigid bodies, rolling motion, and the kinetics and dynamics of rotational systems are examined. Equations for calculating properties like moment of inertia for regular shapes are also provided. The document aims to comprehensively cover fundamental concepts relating to rotational mechanics.
class-11, ch-6 ( system of particles and rotational motion).pptxbablivashisht
This document provides an overview of systems of particles, rotational motion, and related concepts in physics. It begins by defining a system of particles and discussing the centre of mass. It then covers rotational motion of rigid bodies, including the moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axis theorems, and kinetics of rotational motion like work, power, and kinetic energy. Finally, it discusses angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum, and comparisons between linear and rotational motion. Key concepts covered include torque, rotational inertia, rolling motion, and relationships between angular momentum, angular velocity, and kinetic energy.
This document discusses linear kinematics and uniformly accelerated linear motion. It defines key concepts like displacement, velocity, acceleration, and their relationships. For uniformly accelerated linear motion where acceleration is constant, it presents the kinematic equations that relate displacement, initial/final velocities, time, and acceleration. These equations can be used to solve problems involving uniformly accelerated one-dimensional motion.
Moment of inertia concepts in Rotational Mechanicsphysicscatalyst
Moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its angular acceleration due to an applied torque. It depends on how the object's mass is distributed relative to its pivot point. The moment of inertia of a rigid body can be calculated by imagining it divided into particles, multiplying each particle's mass by the square of its distance from the axis of rotation, and summing these values. Important theorems for calculating moment of inertia include the perpendicular axis theorem and parallel axis theorem. Examples are given for calculating the moment of inertia of a solid disk and sphere about their central axes.
This document discusses the Lorentz transformation of intrinsic orbital momentum. It defines intrinsic orbital momentum as the angular momentum of a system measured from its center of mass in the center of momentum frame where its total momentum is zero. The intrinsic orbital momentum transforms like a spacelike vector under Lorentz transformations, experiencing contraction in the direction perpendicular to the boost velocity rather than parallel to it. As an example, it calculates the intrinsic orbital momentum of a two-particle system with one particle orbiting the other.
This document provides information on the Honda CB 500E motorcycle from 1998-2000, including its engine specifications, dimensions, performance characteristics, and other technical details. Some key specifications include:
- Liquid cooled parallel twin cylinder 499cc engine producing 58 hp
- 6-speed transmission and chain drive
- 37mm telescopic forks and twin shock rear suspension
- Disc brakes front and rear
- 17-inch wheels
- 173 kg dry weight
- 18-liter fuel capacity
1. The document discusses different types of measuring instruments including electrical, electronic, and mechanical instruments.
2. Measuring instruments are further classified based on their operating principles, including their deflecting, controlling, and damping systems.
3. Common examples of electrical measuring instruments are ammeters, voltmeters, and wattmeters which measure current, voltage, and power respectively. These instruments work using principles like magnetic, electromagnetic induction, and thermal effects.
This document provides an overview of linear motion concepts including distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, and equations related to uniform velocity and uniform acceleration. Key points include:
- Distance is a scalar quantity measuring the total length traveled, while displacement is a vector measuring the shortest distance from a reference point.
- Speed is the rate of change of distance over time and velocity is the rate of change of displacement over time, with velocity being a vector quantity that includes direction.
- Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time and measures how velocity changes. It is a vector quantity.
- Equations are provided to calculate speed, velocity, and acceleration for objects experiencing uniform velocity or uniform acceleration based on measurements
The document discusses different concepts related to motion including:
- The two states of an object being rest and motion.
- Scalar and vector quantities, with examples like distance, speed, and displacement being scalar, and velocity and acceleration being vector.
- The differences between distance, displacement, speed, and velocity.
- Uniform accelerated motion and the equations relating variables like velocity, displacement, acceleration, and time.
- Distance-time and velocity-time graphs and how they relate to changes in speed and displacement over time.
- Uniform circular motion and the relationship between speed, radius, and time for circular paths.
This document discusses key concepts of displacement, velocity, and related topics:
- Displacement refers to the straight-line change in an object's position, taking into account both magnitude and direction of travel. Distance traveled is not the same as displacement.
- Velocity is the rate of change of an object's displacement with respect to time. It has both magnitude and direction. Speed only refers to magnitude regardless of direction.
- Equations are provided to calculate average velocity from measurements of displacement and time interval, or to determine displacement from initial and final positions over time.
- Position-versus-time graphs can be used to determine average and instantaneous velocities from the slope of secant or tangent lines.
1) The document surveys methods for detecting, isolating, and identifying robot collisions using only proprioceptive sensors.
2) It describes several methods including using estimates of total energy, generalized momentum, joint acceleration, and inverse dynamics. Computational issues with each method are also discussed.
3) Experimental results applying the methods to various robot platforms like a humanoid and Kuka are presented, demonstrating the ability to detect and locate collisions using only internal sensors.
The document discusses key concepts in kinematics including scalar and vector quantities, displacement, velocity, acceleration, free fall acceleration on Earth, displacement-time graphs, velocity-time graphs, and the kinematic equations relating displacement, initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration, and time. It provides examples and sample problems involving calculating displacement, velocity, acceleration, and distance/time using the kinematic equations and interpreting graphs of displacement and velocity over time.
The document discusses instantaneous centers in mechanisms. It defines an instantaneous center as a point where one member rotates permanently or instantaneously around another, or where the velocities of two members are equal in both direction and magnitude. There are three types of instantaneous centers: fixed, permanent, and neither fixed nor permanent (secondary). Properties are that at the center, two links have no relative velocity and the same linear velocity relative to a third link. Instantaneous centers can be located by determining the number, identifying fixed and permanent centers, and using Kennedy's theorem to find secondary centers which lie on a straight line. An example four-bar mechanism shows the different types of centers.
This document discusses different types of motion including rest, speed, distance, and position. It defines motion as a change in an object's position over time, while rest is when an object's position does not change. Speed is the distance traveled per unit of time and is measured using a speedometer, while distance is the length between two points and is measured using an odometer. Motion can be rectilinear along a straight line, circular moving in a circle, or periodic repeating over equal time intervals. Uniform motion has constant speed, while non-uniform motion involves changing speed over time.
The document provides an overview of various topics in mechanical engineering presented by K. Prudhvi Rahul. It begins with listing the topics to be covered, including basics of ME, units and measurements, measuring instruments, mechanical equipment, manufacturing processes, codes and standards, measurement techniques, HVAC systems, heat transfer, material handling, material properties, IC engines, hydraulic machines, and strength of materials. It then defines mechanical engineering and the role of mechanical engineers. Key concepts discussed include forces, types of forces, friction, energy, motion, measurements and units. Various measuring instruments are also introduced such as rulers, calipers, micrometers, dial indicators, feeler gauges, and pressure gauges.
The document provides an overview of various topics in mechanical engineering presented by K. Prudhvi Rahul. It begins with listing the topics to be covered, including basics of ME, units and measurements, measuring instruments, mechanical equipment, manufacturing processes, codes and standards, measurement techniques, HVAC systems, heat transfer, material handling, material properties, IC engines, hydraulic machines, and strength of materials. It then defines mechanical engineering and the role of mechanical engineers. Key concepts discussed include forces, types of forces, friction, energy, motion, measurements and units. Various measuring instruments are also introduced such as rulers, calipers, micrometers, dial indicators, feeler gauges, and pressure gauges.
SUNVISION Technologies Pvt. Ltd provides affordable, high quality 3D Scanning Services, 3D Laser Scanning and 3D Digitizing. SUNVISION offers total solutions to the industry ranging from 2D to 3D Data Conversion,3D solid Modeling,Data Capturing using 3D White Light Scanning & 3D Inspection using Photogramtry."/>
Rigid Body Dynamics discusses rotational motion and angular quantities. A rigid body is a system of particles where external forces do not change the distance between particles. Angular displacement, velocity, and acceleration are defined. Angular momentum is calculated as the cross product of position and linear momentum vectors. Angular momentum is conserved for a closed system. Precession motion occurs when a torque acts perpendicular to the angular momentum vector. Gyroscopes demonstrate precession, where the axis of rotation precesses about the applied torque.
1. The document discusses kinetics problems involving impulse and momentum. It introduces linear and angular impulse, momentum, and the impulse-momentum principle.
2. Linear impulse is defined as the product of force and time. The linear impulse-momentum principle states that the initial momentum plus the impulse equals the final momentum.
3. Angular impulse and momentum are also introduced. The angular impulse-momentum principle relates the angular impulse to the change in angular momentum.
KInematic of Machine(Mechanical Engineering)Surendr Bhil
This document discusses kinematics and mechanisms. It defines kinematics as the branch of mechanics that describes the motion of bodies without considering the causes of motion. Kinematics examines displacement, velocity, and acceleration over time through graphical representations. Common mechanisms discussed include four-bar linkages, single slider-crank chains, and double slider-crank chains. Kinematic pairs constrain the motion between links and can be lower pairs with surface contact or higher pairs with point/line contact. Kinematic inversions occur when different links in a chain are fixed, resulting in different mechanisms.
This document discusses kinematic analysis and various methods for velocity analysis of mechanisms. It covers graphical methods, the relative velocity method, instantaneous center method, and the vector loop method. The instantaneous center method is described in detail, including locating instantaneous centers, Kennedy's theorem on three centers in a line, and examples of applying this method to determine velocities and angular velocities in different mechanisms.
Recent advances on motion analysis in sportspunita85
1) Modern motion analysis uses computerized data from markers placed on individuals to interpret their movement, allowing researchers to assess biomechanics, identify errors, and enhance performance.
2) Motion analysis techniques include temporal, kinematic, kinetic, and electromyography analyses. Temporal analysis measures timing. Kinematic analysis measures position, velocity, and acceleration. Kinetic analysis measures forces. Electromyography analyzes muscle activation.
3) Motion analysis is used in sports to enhance technique, correct errors, assess costs, and aid rehabilitation. It provides insights into abnormal biomechanics, deviations from patterns, and biomechanical errors made by athletes.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in kinematics including:
- Position, distance, and displacement as scalar and vector quantities
- Definitions of speed, velocity, and acceleration, including average and instantaneous measures
- Examples are given to illustrate calculating displacement and velocity for objects moving in one and two dimensions
Units and measurements chapter 1 convertedAbhirajAshokPV
Class 11 Physics chapter one notes. simplified and reduced for better understanding and quick revisions.
Notes on Units, physical Quantities, errors, calculation of errors, and dimension analysis.
Fire prevention and control systems - Fire alarms - Electrical alarm circuits -Smoke extraction and ventilation -Gas extinguishers - Types of detectors - Gas installation and components.
Heat emitters - Expansion facilities of heating system - Energy management system - Factors affecting fuels-Oil sand properties of natural gas - Air conditioning, principles and applications - Refrigerant and system characteristics – Heat recovery devices.
More Related Content
Similar to UNIT-2 -KINEMATICS OF LINKAGE MECHANISM.pptx
This document provides information on the Honda CB 500E motorcycle from 1998-2000, including its engine specifications, dimensions, performance characteristics, and other technical details. Some key specifications include:
- Liquid cooled parallel twin cylinder 499cc engine producing 58 hp
- 6-speed transmission and chain drive
- 37mm telescopic forks and twin shock rear suspension
- Disc brakes front and rear
- 17-inch wheels
- 173 kg dry weight
- 18-liter fuel capacity
1. The document discusses different types of measuring instruments including electrical, electronic, and mechanical instruments.
2. Measuring instruments are further classified based on their operating principles, including their deflecting, controlling, and damping systems.
3. Common examples of electrical measuring instruments are ammeters, voltmeters, and wattmeters which measure current, voltage, and power respectively. These instruments work using principles like magnetic, electromagnetic induction, and thermal effects.
This document provides an overview of linear motion concepts including distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, and equations related to uniform velocity and uniform acceleration. Key points include:
- Distance is a scalar quantity measuring the total length traveled, while displacement is a vector measuring the shortest distance from a reference point.
- Speed is the rate of change of distance over time and velocity is the rate of change of displacement over time, with velocity being a vector quantity that includes direction.
- Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time and measures how velocity changes. It is a vector quantity.
- Equations are provided to calculate speed, velocity, and acceleration for objects experiencing uniform velocity or uniform acceleration based on measurements
The document discusses different concepts related to motion including:
- The two states of an object being rest and motion.
- Scalar and vector quantities, with examples like distance, speed, and displacement being scalar, and velocity and acceleration being vector.
- The differences between distance, displacement, speed, and velocity.
- Uniform accelerated motion and the equations relating variables like velocity, displacement, acceleration, and time.
- Distance-time and velocity-time graphs and how they relate to changes in speed and displacement over time.
- Uniform circular motion and the relationship between speed, radius, and time for circular paths.
This document discusses key concepts of displacement, velocity, and related topics:
- Displacement refers to the straight-line change in an object's position, taking into account both magnitude and direction of travel. Distance traveled is not the same as displacement.
- Velocity is the rate of change of an object's displacement with respect to time. It has both magnitude and direction. Speed only refers to magnitude regardless of direction.
- Equations are provided to calculate average velocity from measurements of displacement and time interval, or to determine displacement from initial and final positions over time.
- Position-versus-time graphs can be used to determine average and instantaneous velocities from the slope of secant or tangent lines.
1) The document surveys methods for detecting, isolating, and identifying robot collisions using only proprioceptive sensors.
2) It describes several methods including using estimates of total energy, generalized momentum, joint acceleration, and inverse dynamics. Computational issues with each method are also discussed.
3) Experimental results applying the methods to various robot platforms like a humanoid and Kuka are presented, demonstrating the ability to detect and locate collisions using only internal sensors.
The document discusses key concepts in kinematics including scalar and vector quantities, displacement, velocity, acceleration, free fall acceleration on Earth, displacement-time graphs, velocity-time graphs, and the kinematic equations relating displacement, initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration, and time. It provides examples and sample problems involving calculating displacement, velocity, acceleration, and distance/time using the kinematic equations and interpreting graphs of displacement and velocity over time.
The document discusses instantaneous centers in mechanisms. It defines an instantaneous center as a point where one member rotates permanently or instantaneously around another, or where the velocities of two members are equal in both direction and magnitude. There are three types of instantaneous centers: fixed, permanent, and neither fixed nor permanent (secondary). Properties are that at the center, two links have no relative velocity and the same linear velocity relative to a third link. Instantaneous centers can be located by determining the number, identifying fixed and permanent centers, and using Kennedy's theorem to find secondary centers which lie on a straight line. An example four-bar mechanism shows the different types of centers.
This document discusses different types of motion including rest, speed, distance, and position. It defines motion as a change in an object's position over time, while rest is when an object's position does not change. Speed is the distance traveled per unit of time and is measured using a speedometer, while distance is the length between two points and is measured using an odometer. Motion can be rectilinear along a straight line, circular moving in a circle, or periodic repeating over equal time intervals. Uniform motion has constant speed, while non-uniform motion involves changing speed over time.
The document provides an overview of various topics in mechanical engineering presented by K. Prudhvi Rahul. It begins with listing the topics to be covered, including basics of ME, units and measurements, measuring instruments, mechanical equipment, manufacturing processes, codes and standards, measurement techniques, HVAC systems, heat transfer, material handling, material properties, IC engines, hydraulic machines, and strength of materials. It then defines mechanical engineering and the role of mechanical engineers. Key concepts discussed include forces, types of forces, friction, energy, motion, measurements and units. Various measuring instruments are also introduced such as rulers, calipers, micrometers, dial indicators, feeler gauges, and pressure gauges.
The document provides an overview of various topics in mechanical engineering presented by K. Prudhvi Rahul. It begins with listing the topics to be covered, including basics of ME, units and measurements, measuring instruments, mechanical equipment, manufacturing processes, codes and standards, measurement techniques, HVAC systems, heat transfer, material handling, material properties, IC engines, hydraulic machines, and strength of materials. It then defines mechanical engineering and the role of mechanical engineers. Key concepts discussed include forces, types of forces, friction, energy, motion, measurements and units. Various measuring instruments are also introduced such as rulers, calipers, micrometers, dial indicators, feeler gauges, and pressure gauges.
SUNVISION Technologies Pvt. Ltd provides affordable, high quality 3D Scanning Services, 3D Laser Scanning and 3D Digitizing. SUNVISION offers total solutions to the industry ranging from 2D to 3D Data Conversion,3D solid Modeling,Data Capturing using 3D White Light Scanning & 3D Inspection using Photogramtry."/>
Rigid Body Dynamics discusses rotational motion and angular quantities. A rigid body is a system of particles where external forces do not change the distance between particles. Angular displacement, velocity, and acceleration are defined. Angular momentum is calculated as the cross product of position and linear momentum vectors. Angular momentum is conserved for a closed system. Precession motion occurs when a torque acts perpendicular to the angular momentum vector. Gyroscopes demonstrate precession, where the axis of rotation precesses about the applied torque.
1. The document discusses kinetics problems involving impulse and momentum. It introduces linear and angular impulse, momentum, and the impulse-momentum principle.
2. Linear impulse is defined as the product of force and time. The linear impulse-momentum principle states that the initial momentum plus the impulse equals the final momentum.
3. Angular impulse and momentum are also introduced. The angular impulse-momentum principle relates the angular impulse to the change in angular momentum.
KInematic of Machine(Mechanical Engineering)Surendr Bhil
This document discusses kinematics and mechanisms. It defines kinematics as the branch of mechanics that describes the motion of bodies without considering the causes of motion. Kinematics examines displacement, velocity, and acceleration over time through graphical representations. Common mechanisms discussed include four-bar linkages, single slider-crank chains, and double slider-crank chains. Kinematic pairs constrain the motion between links and can be lower pairs with surface contact or higher pairs with point/line contact. Kinematic inversions occur when different links in a chain are fixed, resulting in different mechanisms.
This document discusses kinematic analysis and various methods for velocity analysis of mechanisms. It covers graphical methods, the relative velocity method, instantaneous center method, and the vector loop method. The instantaneous center method is described in detail, including locating instantaneous centers, Kennedy's theorem on three centers in a line, and examples of applying this method to determine velocities and angular velocities in different mechanisms.
Recent advances on motion analysis in sportspunita85
1) Modern motion analysis uses computerized data from markers placed on individuals to interpret their movement, allowing researchers to assess biomechanics, identify errors, and enhance performance.
2) Motion analysis techniques include temporal, kinematic, kinetic, and electromyography analyses. Temporal analysis measures timing. Kinematic analysis measures position, velocity, and acceleration. Kinetic analysis measures forces. Electromyography analyzes muscle activation.
3) Motion analysis is used in sports to enhance technique, correct errors, assess costs, and aid rehabilitation. It provides insights into abnormal biomechanics, deviations from patterns, and biomechanical errors made by athletes.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in kinematics including:
- Position, distance, and displacement as scalar and vector quantities
- Definitions of speed, velocity, and acceleration, including average and instantaneous measures
- Examples are given to illustrate calculating displacement and velocity for objects moving in one and two dimensions
Units and measurements chapter 1 convertedAbhirajAshokPV
Class 11 Physics chapter one notes. simplified and reduced for better understanding and quick revisions.
Notes on Units, physical Quantities, errors, calculation of errors, and dimension analysis.
Similar to UNIT-2 -KINEMATICS OF LINKAGE MECHANISM.pptx (20)
Fire prevention and control systems - Fire alarms - Electrical alarm circuits -Smoke extraction and ventilation -Gas extinguishers - Types of detectors - Gas installation and components.
Heat emitters - Expansion facilities of heating system - Energy management system - Factors affecting fuels-Oil sand properties of natural gas - Air conditioning, principles and applications - Refrigerant and system characteristics – Heat recovery devices.
The document discusses principles of illumination and ventilation. It covers:
- Advantages of good illumination like preventing eye strain and creating a pleasant atmosphere.
- Requirements for ventilation systems like providing fresh air and proper air flow.
- Types of mechanical ventilation including fans, and benefits like improved indoor air quality.
- Water treatment processes such as aeration, coagulation, and disinfection to remove impurities.
- Solar water heating systems that use solar energy to heat water and the types of active and passive systems.
Introduction of lifts and Escalators -Special features required for lifting arrangement and installation-Travelators – Controls - Machine room and equipments.
UNIT-1--STEADY STRESSES AND VARIABLE STRESSES IN MACHINE MEMBERS.pptxkarthi keyan
STEADY STRESSES AND VARIABLE STRESSES IN MACHINE MEMBERS
Introduction to the design process – factors influencing machine design – Direct, Bending and torsional stress equations – calculation of principle stresses for various load combinations, Design of curved beams – crane hook and 'C' frame – Factor of safety – theories of failure – stress concentration – Design for variable loading – Soderberg, Goodman and Gerber relations
UNIT-4-ENERGY STORING ELEMENTS AND ENGINE COMPONENTS.pptxkarthi keyan
ENERGY STORING ELEMENTS AND ENGINE COMPONENTS
Springs – Design of helical springs – Design of Leaf, Belleville springs and Torsion springs – Flywheels considering stresses in rims and arms for engines and punching machines. Design of Crankshaft.
SHAFTS AND COUPLINGS
Design of solid and hollow shafts based on strength, rigidity and critical speed – Keys, keyways and splines – Rigid and flexible couplings.
UNIT-5-BEARINGS AND ENGINE COMPONENTS.pptxkarthi keyan
BEARINGS AND ENGINE COMPONENTS
Sliding contact and rolling contact bearings – Design of Hydrodynamic journal bearings, Sommerfeld Number – Selection of Rolling Contact bearings – Design of Connecting rod.
BASICS OF MECHANISMS
Basic Mechanisms and its terminologies – Degree of freedom – Mobility – Kutzbach criterion – Grubler’s criterion for Planar Mechanisms – Grashof’s law – Kinematic inversions of Four bar chain – Single slider – Double slider Crank Chains – Quick Return Mechanisms – Mechanical advantage – Classification of Mechanisms.
UNIT-5 - FRICTION IN MACHINE ELEMENTS.pptxkarthi keyan
FRICTION IN MACHINE ELEMENTS
Friction in Screw threads – Friction clutch – Single Plate, Multi plate and Cone clutch – Torque and Efficiency Calculations. Brakes – types and applications – Conditions for self-locking and Self Energizing brakes.
GEARS AND GEAR TRAINS
Gear – Types – Spur gear terminology – Law of toothed gearing – Basics of Involute and Cycloidal Tooth Forms, Interchangeability – Interference and Undercutting – Gear trains Calculations – Speed and Number of teeth – Simple, Compound and Epicyclic gear trains.
UNIT -3 -KINEMATICS OF CAM MECHANISMS.pptkarthi keyan
This document discusses different types of cam mechanisms. It defines a cam as a mechanical device used to convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion. Cams are classified based on their input and output motions as well as the type of follower used. Various types of cams are discussed including wedge cams, spiral cams, and cylindrical cams. The document also covers cam nomenclature and the different types of follower motions including uniform, simple harmonic, uniform acceleration/retardation, and cycloidal motion. Displacement and velocity diagrams are presented for different motion types.
Use of Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Bio-diesel, Bio-ethanol, Gasohol and Hydrogen in Automobiles- Engine modifications required –Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of SI and CI engines with these alternate fuels - Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Fuel Cell Note: Practical Training in dismantling and assembling of Engine parts and Transmission Systems should be given to the students.
UNIT IV STEERING, BRAKES AND SUSPENSION SYSTEMS karthi keyan
Steering geometry and types of steering gear box-Power Steering, Types of Front Axle, Types of Suspension Systems, Pneumatic and Hydraulic Braking Systems, Antilock Braking System (ABS), electronic brake force distribution (EBD) and Traction Control.
Electronically controlled gasoline injection system for SI engines, Electronically controlled diesel injection system (Unit injector system, Rotary distributor type and common rail direct injection system), Electronic ignition system (Transistorized coil ignition system, capacitive discharge ignition system), Turbo chargers (WGT, VGT), Engine emission control by three way catalytic converter system, Emission norms (Euro and BS).
This document discusses different types of automobiles and their characteristics. It describes vehicles based on their purpose, weight, fuel used, capacity, number of wheels, and driver seat location. Vehicle types include passenger vehicles, goods carriers, heavy/light/medium weight vehicles running on petrol, diesel, gas or electric. Vehicles also vary based on the number of wheels from two to six. The document then discusses the chassis of vehicles, including its frame, wheels, axle, yoke, body and different classifications based on engine fitting and number of wheels. It lists characteristics of a good chassis and its main components. Finally, it covers vehicle aerodynamics and the different aerodynamic forces acting on a vehicle.
UCM - Unit 5 recent trends in non-traditional machining processeskarthi keyan
This document discusses various hybrid and non-traditional machining processes including electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) and electrical discharge diamond grinding (EDDG). ECSM uses sparks generated between a cathode tool and workpiece in an electrolyte solution to remove material. Key parameters for ECSM include supply voltage, tool diameter, electrolyte composition, and gap distance. EDDG uses sparks to soften and abrade workpiece surfaces with diamond abrasives. Factors like wheel speed, current, and pulse time affect the EDDG process. Thermal processes like electric discharge micromachining (EDMM) and electron beam micromachining precisely shape conductive materials by localized melting/vaporization using electric
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
2. Distance and Displacement
• The length of the actual path travelled by a body is called
the distance travelled by the body. It is a scalar quantity.
• The shortest distance from the initial position to the final
position of a body is called displacement of the body. It is a
vector quantity.
5. Velocity of a point on a link by
Instantaneous Centre Method
For point A we know Magnitude and Velocity
For point B we know Velocity only
By drawing perpendicular lines from A & B we can
Get intersection for instantaneous Centre I
6. Velocity of a point on a link by Instantaneous Centre
Method
10. Significance of co-incident point
• When a coincident point exist in a mechanism, to
find the total acceleration at that point – we have
to calculate one more acceleration component
which is known as coriolis component
11. • So ,
Total acceleration at a coincident point about
another point in a link is the vector sum of their
radial acceleration, tangential acceleration and the
coriolis acceleration.
Significance of co-incident point