The document discusses different concepts related to motion including:
- The two states of an object being rest and motion.
- Scalar and vector quantities, with examples like distance, speed, and displacement being scalar, and velocity and acceleration being vector.
- The differences between distance, displacement, speed, and velocity.
- Uniform accelerated motion and the equations relating variables like velocity, displacement, acceleration, and time.
- Distance-time and velocity-time graphs and how they relate to changes in speed and displacement over time.
- Uniform circular motion and the relationship between speed, radius, and time for circular paths.
2. There are two states of an object
• Rest State
• Motion State
State of Object
3. Rest State
If the position of an object
is not changing with time ,
then that object is in rest
state.
4. Motion State
If the position of an object
changes with time, them that
object is in motion state or
moving state.
5. Scalar Quantities
• The physical quantities which requires only
magnitude to describe them and there is no
need to direction are known as Scalar
Quantities.
• Example:- Distance ,speed ,time , volume ,
area, density, work, energy , power ,
temperature , pressure etc.
6. Vector Quantities
• The physical quantities which requires
direction as well as magnitude to describe
them are known as Vector Quantities.
• Example:- Displacement , Velocity ,
Acceleration , Force, etc.
7. Distance
•The length of actual path
travelled by an object is
known as Distance covered
by the object.
•It is a scalar quantity.
8. Displacement
• The shortest distance travelled
between initial point to final point
of path travelled by an object is
known as Displacement of that
object.
• It is a Vector quantity.
9. Difference between Distance &
Displacement
DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT
The length of actual path travelled
by an object is known as Distance .
The shortest distance travelled between
initial point to final point of path
travelled by an object is known as
Displacement .
It is a scalar quantity. It is a Vector quantity.
It can not be zero. It can be zero.
10. Speed
• Speed of a body is the distance
travelled by it per unit time.
• Speed = Distance Travelled
Time Taken
• It is a scalar quantity.
• It’s unit is m/s.
11. Velocity
• Velocity of a body is the distance
travelled by it per unit time in a
given direction.
• It is a vector quantity.
• Velocity = Displacement
Time Taken
• It’s unit is m/sec.
12. Difference between Speed &
Velocity
SPEED VELOCITY
Speed of a body is the distance
travelled by it per unit time.
Velocity of a body is the distance
travelled by it per unit time in a
given direction.
It is a scalar quantity. It is a vector quantity.
It can not be zero. It can be zero.
13. Acceleration
• The rate of change of velocity of an moving
object is known as its Acceleration.
• It is a vector quantity.
• Acceleration = Final Velocity – Initial Velocity
Time Taken
• It’s unit is m/s2.
14. Retardation
• The rate of decreasing of
velocity of a moving object is
known as retardation.
•It is also a vector quantity.
15. Uniform Accelerated motion
• A kind of motion in which velocity
of an object increases in equal
amount in equal time intervals is
known is uniform accelerated
motion.
17. Distance – time Graph
• A graph , which shows the distance
travelled by an object with time is known
as Distance time graph.
• The slope of distance-time graph represent
the speed of the object.
20. Velocity – time Graph
• A graph , which shows the change in
velocity of an object with time is known as
Velocity time graph.
• The area under the velocity-time graph and
time axis represent the displacement of the
object.
26. Uniform circular motion
• If an object moves in a circular path with
uniform speed, then its motion is known as
uniform circular motion
• Speed of a body moving along a circular
path = 2πr
t where r =radius
t = time taken
