3. NOS
• File and printer sharing are the two main reasons that
networks were created in the first place
• Client/server and Peer-to-peer.
• NOS has a much more secure method of authenticating
users and resources
• NOS includes utility applications that maintain and
monitor the server
• NOSs often include client applications that improve
performance and access to the resources they share
4. Microsoft Windows Server
• Windows NT Domains
– Windows NT uses domains as logical boundaries that
house servers, user accounts, and resources
– Trust Relationships
6. Window Server
• Single domain: This model consists of a PDC, workstations, and
users that are all members of the same domain. There might be one
or more BDCs. There are no trust relationships.
• Master domain: This model has at least two, and possibly more,
domains—a master domain, which contains user accounts, and at
least one resource domain
7. Windows Server
• Multiple master domain:
– This model builds on the master domain model in that it has two
or more master domains and one or more resource domains.
Each master domain contains user accounts and trusts the other
master domain(s).
8. Windows Server
• Complete trust domain
– Each domain can contain user accounts or resources,
or both.
9. Windows Server
• Organizing Users into Groups
– Windows NT domains use special groups to function between
domains
– There are two types of groups—global and local
– Windows 2000 and Active Directory
– Windows 2000 uses a much different method of managing users
and computers—the Active Directory
10. Windows Server
• Authentication
– The Active Directory provides a view overseeing one or more
domains
– From a DNS standpoint, domains, called domain trees, often
share a contiguous DNS namespace
11. Novell NetWare
• Originally developed to provide shared disk storage, NetWare grew
into a robust, high--performance network operating system
• The latest version is NetWare 6
• servers are intended to be the only systems that share services
• NetWare File System
– NetWare file system is transparent to an end user
– The NetWare file system’s features are designed to provide files
to a variety of different client operating systems
– The file system offers security for files through trustee
assignments applied to files and directories
12. Novell NetWare
• Client Support
– NetWare was developed to be an enterprise network
operating system that can provide services to multiple
and distinct client operating systems. These clients
include all versions of Windows, OS/2, Macintosh,
UNIX, and Linux
– NetWare is capable of providing services using
different protocol suites
13. Novell Directory Services
• Through NetWare version 3.x, Novell used a flat-file
database to hold user accounts and resources that were
specific to each separate server
• This database was called the Bindery. NetWare 4.x
brought about the hierarchical directory service called
Novell Directory Services (NDS).
• maintain partitions and replicas (copies of partitions) of
the database
• NDS is a single hierarchical tree consisting of an
organization (O) container that is then structured into
organizational units (OUs)
17. Apple Macintosh
• Networking among Apple computers began as peer-to-peer.
• Each client could share its storage and printers with every other
Macintosh
• When Macintosh computer is dedicated to sharing files, printers, or
applications on the network, it is called an AppleShare Server
• Are located in the local zone, which is similar to a workgroup
• Given the Zone Information Protocol (ZIP) and Name Binding
Protocol (NBP) in AppleTalk, resources appear as members of the
zone regardless of their physical location
• The AppleTalk protocol provides a network address for each
computer and network segment
• The node addresses are available from 1 to 254 on each segment
18. UNIX/Linux
• Originally developed by Bell Laboratories
• UNIX provides a peer-to-peer networking system and
uses TCP/IP as its native protocol
• UNIX is available on mainframes, minicomputers, and
PCs
• The largest hosts provide user access through terminal
emulation
• Most popular GUI are X Windows and Motif
19. UNIX/Linux
• The UNIX Network File System
– NFS was created to be a networked service
– When NFS is used, it is transparent to the end user
because it’s based on Remote Procedure Calls
(RPCs )
– When a user opens a file through NFS, the UNIX
client places an RPC call to the UNIX server.
