Unit 3 - The Secondary Sector (ppt)
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This document discusses industrial rocks, minerals, and metals that are important resources. It then covers the history of industrialization from the 18th century onwards and factors influencing the location of industries. Finally, it provides statistics on Spain's economy, including the declining importance of industry and rise of the service sector over recent decades.
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Secondary sector
The secondary sector includes activities that transform raw materials into manufactured goods like construction, mining, energy production and industry. Mining extracts minerals from the earth through open-cast or underground mines. The main issues are safety hazards for miners. Minerals are important resources and their control has led to conflicts. Industry transforms raw materials and uses capital, labor, materials, energy and technology. It has evolved from small workshops to large factories using assembly lines and mass production. Industries can be heavy or light and locate based on access to markets, transportation and resources.
Manufacturing industries
.A power point presentation on the class 10 social science (geography)lesson"MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES".It is about the manufacturing industries in India and the position of India in each section in manufacturing industries.
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1. Manufacturing involves processing raw materials into finished goods in large quantities. It is considered important for development by providing jobs, modernizing agriculture, reducing poverty and regional disparities.
2. Industries are classified based on raw materials, role, capital, ownership and material properties. Textiles, sugar, iron and steel, chemicals, cement, automobiles and electronics are some important industries in India.
3. Location of industries depends on availability of raw materials, labor, markets, infrastructure and transportation. Pollution from industries harms the environment and controlling measures include emissions filters, reuse of water, and treatment of effluents.
Minerals and energy resources
The document summarizes India's mineral and energy resources. It discusses various types of minerals like metals, non-metals and rocks found in India. It describes the major deposits and locations of important ferrous minerals like iron ore and manganese. It also discusses non-ferrous minerals such as copper, bauxite, and mica. The document then summarizes India's major energy resources like coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydroelectric and nuclear power. It provides brief descriptions of other renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, and biomass energy. In the end, it emphasizes the need for conservation of minerals and energy resources.
Types of industry
The document discusses several industries including heavy, light, food, automotive, textile, and electronic. Heavy industries require large capital investments and resources but produce large amounts of goods. Light industries have lower impacts and require less resources. The food industry supplies much of the world's food. The automotive industry designs, manufactures, and sells motor vehicles worldwide. The textile industry transforms fibers into yarns, fabrics, and clothing and employs many people in Europe.
SECONDARY SECTOR: INDUSTRY, ENERGY, MINING.
The document summarizes key aspects of the secondary sector, which includes industry, energy, and mining. It discusses the types of raw materials used in industry, including those of biological, geological, and artificial origin. It also describes the industrial process and how industry has evolved from craftsmanship to modern factories with automation. Additionally, it outlines different energy sources like coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear, and renewable sources such as hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, and tidal energy. Factors influencing the location of industry and examples of industrial regions and companies are provided.
Agriculture
This document discusses different types of agriculture. It defines agriculture as the cultivation of crops and rearing of livestock. There are two main types of farming: subsistence farming which focuses on producing only for family needs with minimal technology, and commercial farming which uses more technology and machinery to grow crops and raise animals for market sale. The document also outlines different sub-types of subsistence farming such as intensive subsistence, shifting cultivation, and nomadic herding, as well as commercial farming approaches like commercial grain, mixed, and plantation agriculture.
Industries
The document discusses the textile industry. It provides details about cotton textile industry centers in important locations like Ahmedabad and Osaka. The key factors responsible for the development of textile industry in Ahmedabad include easy availability of raw cotton, suitable terrain, skilled labor supply, and well-developed transportation network. For Osaka, factors include availability of plain land, suitable climate, labor supply, nearby ports for trade, and water availability from the Yodo river. The cotton textile industry is one of the oldest industries and India and China are major global producers today.
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Secondary sector
The secondary sector includes activities that transform raw materials into manufactured goods like construction, mining, energy production and industry. Mining extracts minerals from the earth through open-cast or underground mines. The main issues are safety hazards for miners. Minerals are important resources and their control has led to conflicts. Industry transforms raw materials and uses capital, labor, materials, energy and technology. It has evolved from small workshops to large factories using assembly lines and mass production. Industries can be heavy or light and locate based on access to markets, transportation and resources.
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1. Manufacturing involves processing raw materials into finished goods in large quantities. It is considered important for development by providing jobs, modernizing agriculture, reducing poverty and regional disparities.
2. Industries are classified based on raw materials, role, capital, ownership and material properties. Textiles, sugar, iron and steel, chemicals, cement, automobiles and electronics are some important industries in India.
3. Location of industries depends on availability of raw materials, labor, markets, infrastructure and transportation. Pollution from industries harms the environment and controlling measures include emissions filters, reuse of water, and treatment of effluents.
Minerals and energy resources
The document summarizes India's mineral and energy resources. It discusses various types of minerals like metals, non-metals and rocks found in India. It describes the major deposits and locations of important ferrous minerals like iron ore and manganese. It also discusses non-ferrous minerals such as copper, bauxite, and mica. The document then summarizes India's major energy resources like coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydroelectric and nuclear power. It provides brief descriptions of other renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, and biomass energy. In the end, it emphasizes the need for conservation of minerals and energy resources.
Types of industry
The document discusses several industries including heavy, light, food, automotive, textile, and electronic. Heavy industries require large capital investments and resources but produce large amounts of goods. Light industries have lower impacts and require less resources. The food industry supplies much of the world's food. The automotive industry designs, manufactures, and sells motor vehicles worldwide. The textile industry transforms fibers into yarns, fabrics, and clothing and employs many people in Europe.
SECONDARY SECTOR: INDUSTRY, ENERGY, MINING.
The document summarizes key aspects of the secondary sector, which includes industry, energy, and mining. It discusses the types of raw materials used in industry, including those of biological, geological, and artificial origin. It also describes the industrial process and how industry has evolved from craftsmanship to modern factories with automation. Additionally, it outlines different energy sources like coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear, and renewable sources such as hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, and tidal energy. Factors influencing the location of industry and examples of industrial regions and companies are provided.
Agriculture
This document discusses different types of agriculture. It defines agriculture as the cultivation of crops and rearing of livestock. There are two main types of farming: subsistence farming which focuses on producing only for family needs with minimal technology, and commercial farming which uses more technology and machinery to grow crops and raise animals for market sale. The document also outlines different sub-types of subsistence farming such as intensive subsistence, shifting cultivation, and nomadic herding, as well as commercial farming approaches like commercial grain, mixed, and plantation agriculture.
Industries
The document discusses the textile industry. It provides details about cotton textile industry centers in important locations like Ahmedabad and Osaka. The key factors responsible for the development of textile industry in Ahmedabad include easy availability of raw cotton, suitable terrain, skilled labor supply, and well-developed transportation network. For Osaka, factors include availability of plain land, suitable climate, labor supply, nearby ports for trade, and water availability from the Yodo river. The cotton textile industry is one of the oldest industries and India and China are major global producers today.
Tertiary and quatenary activities (1)
This document discusses different types of economic activities from primary to quinary. It provides details about tertiary activities including types like trade, transport, communication and services. It describes how tertiary activities have become the largest sector in developed economies with most people engaged in service-related jobs. The text also discusses concepts like outsourcing, BPO, KPO, medical tourism and the digital divide between developed and developing regions.
Industries
This document discusses different types and classifications of industries. It describes how industries can be categorized based on size (cottage, small-scale, large-scale), raw materials used (agro-based, mineral-based, etc.), and ownership (private, public, joint, cooperative, multi-national). It also outlines the key infrastructure and factors necessary to support industrial development, such as available resources, transportation, labor, capital, water supply and government policies. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of the history of industries transitioning from cottage to large mechanized factories, as well as technology's role in modern industrial processes and society's relationship with industry.
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This document provides information about manufacturing industries in India. It discusses key topics like the importance of manufacturing industries for economic development, various types of manufacturing industries including cotton, jute, sugar, iron and steel, aluminum, chemicals, fertilizers, cement, automobile and electronics. It also covers industrial location factors, classification of industries, challenges faced by different industries, and environmental pollution caused by industries.
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Secondary activities involve transforming raw materials into finished goods through manufacturing, processing, and construction. They are classified in various ways, including by raw materials (e.g. agro-based, mineral-based), ownership (public, private, joint), size (cottage, small, large), location factors (access to markets, labor, resources), and output (basic vs. consumer industries). Modern large-scale manufacturing is characterized by specialization, mechanization, and technological innovation. Industries are also located based on access to raw materials, energy sources, transportation, and agglomeration economies.
Ppt on manufacturing industries by Manowara Chowdhury
Manufacturing industries transform raw materials into finished goods through processing. The textile industry is one of India's largest and most important manufacturing industries. It is centered around cotton growing regions and utilizes India's large labor force. The cotton textile industry is highly significant as it contributes substantially to industrial production, employment, and foreign exchange. It has linkages with agriculture as a source of raw cotton and supports other industries through demand. However, India mainly exports yarn and imports fabric, indicating a need to strengthen downstream sectors like weaving to capture more value.
Manufacturing industries
Manufacturing industries convert raw materials into finished goods using machines. They are important for a country's economic strength by providing jobs, reducing dependence on agriculture, and earning foreign exchange through exports. Key manufacturing industries in India include cotton textiles, jute, wool, silk, synthetic fibers, sugar, and iron and steel. Factors like availability of raw materials, power, water, labor, transportation and markets influence the location of these industries. The cotton textile industry is the largest, with mills located mainly in Maharashtra, Gujarat and West Bengal. The iron and steel industry began in 1830 in Tamil Nadu and large-scale production started in Jamshedpur in 1907.
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The power point explains about the chapter Manufacturing Industries that is to be studied in class 10 geography( chapter 6). The chapter is explained in detail with pictures.The contents explained in this chapter are
1. Manufacturing and its importance
2. Factors affecting location of Industry
3. classification of industry
a. based on source of raw material
i. agro based industries
ii. mineral based industries
b. based on their main role
i. basic or key industries
ii. consumer industries
c. based on capital investment
i. small scale industries
ii. large scale industries
d. based on ownership
i. private sector
ii.public sector
iii.joint sector
iv. corporative sector
e. based on bulk and weight of raw materials and finished goods
i.heavy industries
ii.light industries
4. agro -based industry in brief with example including pictures and maps
5. mineral based industry in brief with example including pictures and maps
6. environment degradation and pollution
7. controlling environment degradation and pollution
8. national thermal power corporation
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Developed by María Jesús Campos Fernández, Geography and History teacher at a bilingual section in Alcorcon (Madrid, Spain)
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
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Minerals are naturally occurring substances found in various forms in nature. They are important for daily use and development. India is rich in minerals like iron ore, manganese, copper, mica, bauxite, and limestone found in different parts of the country. While mining is important, it can also be environmentally damaging and dangerous for workers. Conservation of minerals through improved technologies, recycling, and sustainable practices is important given that mineral resources are finite. India has significant conventional energy resources like coal, petroleum and natural gas. It also has potential for non-conventional renewable sources like solar, wind, tidal, and biomass energy. Conservation of energy through efficiency and use of renewables is crucial for sustainable development.
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This document provides information about three agro-based industries in India: cotton textiles, jute textiles, and sugar industry. It discusses the historical background, production process, factors influencing location, challenges faced, and recommendations for each industry. The cotton textile industry contributes significantly to the Indian economy and employment. Jute textiles are concentrated along the Hugli River in West Bengal. India is a major global producer and exporter of sugar.
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2/3 of India's population is engaged in agriculture, with food grains and exports like tea, coffee and spices being important agricultural products. There are three main types of farming practiced in India - primitive subsistence farming on small plots using basic tools, intensive subsistence farming in high population areas using fertilizers and irrigation, and commercial farming using high-yielding seeds and chemicals. Crops are grown in different seasons - rabi in winter, kharif in monsoon, and zaid in between. Key crops include rice, wheat, millets, maize, pulses, sugarcane, oilseeds, tea, coffee, fruits and vegetables, rubber, cotton, jute, and silk. The government has
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This document discusses different types of agriculture and major crops around the world. It begins by outlining factors that influence agriculture like climate, soil, and relief. It then describes various types of farming including subsistence, commercial, shifting cultivation, intensive subsistence, nomadic herding, extensive, plantation, mixed, pastoral, dairy, orchard, market gardening, horticulture, and pastoral farming. Specific crops and countries are provided for each type. Major crops discussed include rice, wheat, maize, millets, sugarcane, rubber, cotton, jute, tea, and coffee. Requirements for optimal growth of each crop are also summarized.
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The document discusses manufacturing and industries in India. It begins by defining manufacturing as the production of goods using labor, machines, and raw materials. It then provides examples of key industries in India like textiles, sugar, iron and steel, aluminum, chemicals, fertilizers, cement, automobiles, and information technology. It discusses factors that influence the location of industries like availability of raw materials, power, water, labor, transportation and markets. The document also notes that while industries contribute significantly to the economy, they also cause various types of pollution that degrade the environment.
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This document describes different types of farming practiced in India. It discusses primitive subsistence agriculture, also known as slash and burn agriculture, where small plots are farmed using simple tools and family labor. Intensive subsistence agriculture is practiced on small, dense plots using high labor and inputs. Commercial farming grows crops and raises animals for market on large capital-intensive farms using machinery. Plantations specialize in growing a single crop on large areas. The document also outlines India's cropping patterns of Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid seasons and important crops in each. It provides details on tea and jute production requirements and key growing regions.
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The document discusses different types of industries. It describes agro-based, mineral-based, marine-based and forest-based industries which use plant/animal, mineral ores, sea products, and forest produce as raw materials respectively. It also discusses factors affecting industry location and different sectors (private, public, joint, cooperative). Major global industries mentioned are iron/steel, textile, and information technology concentrated in countries like Germany, USA, China, India. Pittsburgh is highlighted as an important steel city in the US.
Manufacturing industries
Here are three physical factors for the location of industries:
1. Raw materials - Industries require abundant and easily accessible raw materials for manufacturing. Industries tend to locate near sources of raw materials.
2. Power - Industries need a reliable supply of power for running machinery. They prefer locations that have access to sources of power like coal, hydroelectricity etc.
3. Transportation - Ease of transportation is important for the movement of raw materials in and finished goods out. Industries locate near means of transportation like roads, railways, ports etc. for efficient transportation.
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The document discusses industry and industrial activity. It defines the secondary sector as including economic activities that transform raw materials into other products to meet human needs, such as industry, mining, energy production, and construction. It describes the evolution of industry from manual industry before the 18th century to modern industry driven by machines and new energy sources during the Industrial Revolutions. It also discusses the types of industries created, industrial spaces, industrial regions around the world, and the industrial areas of Europe.
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This document discusses different types and classifications of industries. It describes how industries can be categorized based on size (cottage, small-scale, large-scale), raw materials used (agro-based, mineral-based, etc.), and ownership (private, public, joint, cooperative, multi-national). It also outlines the key infrastructure and factors necessary to support industrial development, such as available resources, transportation, labor, capital, water supply and government policies. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of the history of industries transitioning from cottage to large mechanized factories, as well as technology's role in modern industrial processes and society's relationship with industry.
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This document provides information about manufacturing industries in India. It discusses key topics like the importance of manufacturing industries for economic development, various types of manufacturing industries including cotton, jute, sugar, iron and steel, aluminum, chemicals, fertilizers, cement, automobile and electronics. It also covers industrial location factors, classification of industries, challenges faced by different industries, and environmental pollution caused by industries.
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Secondary activities involve transforming raw materials into finished goods through manufacturing, processing, and construction. They are classified in various ways, including by raw materials (e.g. agro-based, mineral-based), ownership (public, private, joint), size (cottage, small, large), location factors (access to markets, labor, resources), and output (basic vs. consumer industries). Modern large-scale manufacturing is characterized by specialization, mechanization, and technological innovation. Industries are also located based on access to raw materials, energy sources, transportation, and agglomeration economies.
Ppt on manufacturing industries by Manowara Chowdhury
Manufacturing industries transform raw materials into finished goods through processing. The textile industry is one of India's largest and most important manufacturing industries. It is centered around cotton growing regions and utilizes India's large labor force. The cotton textile industry is highly significant as it contributes substantially to industrial production, employment, and foreign exchange. It has linkages with agriculture as a source of raw cotton and supports other industries through demand. However, India mainly exports yarn and imports fabric, indicating a need to strengthen downstream sectors like weaving to capture more value.
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Manufacturing industries convert raw materials into finished goods using machines. They are important for a country's economic strength by providing jobs, reducing dependence on agriculture, and earning foreign exchange through exports. Key manufacturing industries in India include cotton textiles, jute, wool, silk, synthetic fibers, sugar, and iron and steel. Factors like availability of raw materials, power, water, labor, transportation and markets influence the location of these industries. The cotton textile industry is the largest, with mills located mainly in Maharashtra, Gujarat and West Bengal. The iron and steel industry began in 1830 in Tamil Nadu and large-scale production started in Jamshedpur in 1907.
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The power point explains about the chapter Manufacturing Industries that is to be studied in class 10 geography( chapter 6). The chapter is explained in detail with pictures.The contents explained in this chapter are
1. Manufacturing and its importance
2. Factors affecting location of Industry
3. classification of industry
a. based on source of raw material
i. agro based industries
ii. mineral based industries
b. based on their main role
i. basic or key industries
ii. consumer industries
c. based on capital investment
i. small scale industries
ii. large scale industries
d. based on ownership
i. private sector
ii.public sector
iii.joint sector
iv. corporative sector
e. based on bulk and weight of raw materials and finished goods
i.heavy industries
ii.light industries
4. agro -based industry in brief with example including pictures and maps
5. mineral based industry in brief with example including pictures and maps
6. environment degradation and pollution
7. controlling environment degradation and pollution
8. national thermal power corporation
Secondary sector
Developed by María Jesús Campos Fernández, Geography and History teacher at a bilingual section in Alcorcon (Madrid, Spain)
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
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Minerals are naturally occurring substances found in various forms in nature. They are important for daily use and development. India is rich in minerals like iron ore, manganese, copper, mica, bauxite, and limestone found in different parts of the country. While mining is important, it can also be environmentally damaging and dangerous for workers. Conservation of minerals through improved technologies, recycling, and sustainable practices is important given that mineral resources are finite. India has significant conventional energy resources like coal, petroleum and natural gas. It also has potential for non-conventional renewable sources like solar, wind, tidal, and biomass energy. Conservation of energy through efficiency and use of renewables is crucial for sustainable development.
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This document provides information about three agro-based industries in India: cotton textiles, jute textiles, and sugar industry. It discusses the historical background, production process, factors influencing location, challenges faced, and recommendations for each industry. The cotton textile industry contributes significantly to the Indian economy and employment. Jute textiles are concentrated along the Hugli River in West Bengal. India is a major global producer and exporter of sugar.
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2/3 of India's population is engaged in agriculture, with food grains and exports like tea, coffee and spices being important agricultural products. There are three main types of farming practiced in India - primitive subsistence farming on small plots using basic tools, intensive subsistence farming in high population areas using fertilizers and irrigation, and commercial farming using high-yielding seeds and chemicals. Crops are grown in different seasons - rabi in winter, kharif in monsoon, and zaid in between. Key crops include rice, wheat, millets, maize, pulses, sugarcane, oilseeds, tea, coffee, fruits and vegetables, rubber, cotton, jute, and silk. The government has
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This document discusses different types of agriculture and major crops around the world. It begins by outlining factors that influence agriculture like climate, soil, and relief. It then describes various types of farming including subsistence, commercial, shifting cultivation, intensive subsistence, nomadic herding, extensive, plantation, mixed, pastoral, dairy, orchard, market gardening, horticulture, and pastoral farming. Specific crops and countries are provided for each type. Major crops discussed include rice, wheat, maize, millets, sugarcane, rubber, cotton, jute, tea, and coffee. Requirements for optimal growth of each crop are also summarized.
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The document discusses manufacturing and industries in India. It begins by defining manufacturing as the production of goods using labor, machines, and raw materials. It then provides examples of key industries in India like textiles, sugar, iron and steel, aluminum, chemicals, fertilizers, cement, automobiles, and information technology. It discusses factors that influence the location of industries like availability of raw materials, power, water, labor, transportation and markets. The document also notes that while industries contribute significantly to the economy, they also cause various types of pollution that degrade the environment.
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This document describes different types of farming practiced in India. It discusses primitive subsistence agriculture, also known as slash and burn agriculture, where small plots are farmed using simple tools and family labor. Intensive subsistence agriculture is practiced on small, dense plots using high labor and inputs. Commercial farming grows crops and raises animals for market on large capital-intensive farms using machinery. Plantations specialize in growing a single crop on large areas. The document also outlines India's cropping patterns of Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid seasons and important crops in each. It provides details on tea and jute production requirements and key growing regions.
Industries
The document discusses different types of industries. It describes agro-based, mineral-based, marine-based and forest-based industries which use plant/animal, mineral ores, sea products, and forest produce as raw materials respectively. It also discusses factors affecting industry location and different sectors (private, public, joint, cooperative). Major global industries mentioned are iron/steel, textile, and information technology concentrated in countries like Germany, USA, China, India. Pittsburgh is highlighted as an important steel city in the US.
Manufacturing industries
Here are three physical factors for the location of industries:
1. Raw materials - Industries require abundant and easily accessible raw materials for manufacturing. Industries tend to locate near sources of raw materials.
2. Power - Industries need a reliable supply of power for running machinery. They prefer locations that have access to sources of power like coal, hydroelectricity etc.
3. Transportation - Ease of transportation is important for the movement of raw materials in and finished goods out. Industries locate near means of transportation like roads, railways, ports etc. for efficient transportation.
Agriculture | Ls - 4 | Class - 8 | Geography | Social Science - PPT
This is a presentation for the Lesson Agriculture from Class - 8 Geography. This will help you to understand the lesson easily. This presentation also has extra info! Please use this as a tool to improve your tutoring!
CBSE (CLASS 9 ) Crop Production by Dr.HP
This document summarizes different types of agricultural activities and farming systems. It discusses primary agricultural activities which involve growing crops and rearing livestock. It also describes subsistence farming, where crops are grown for family needs, and commercial farming, where crops are grown for sale in markets. Commercial farming includes grain, mixed and plantation farming. Mixed farming involves growing crops and rearing livestock. Plantations focus on single crops like tea, coffee or rubber grown on large farms. The document also discusses some non-food crops like rubber, cotton and jute as well as technological and institutional reforms introduced in Indian agriculture after independence.
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Commercial farming involves growing crops or raising livestock to sell for profit. There are several types of commercial farming: mixed crop and livestock farms grow both crops and animals; ranching specializes in grazing livestock; dairies produce milk and dairy products; and large-scale grain farms primarily cultivate grains for export. Plantation farming produces crops like coffee, sugar, and cotton on large estates, often in developing countries, for export markets.
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The document discusses several factors that affect industrial location, including transportation, energy, markets, raw materials, government policy, site needs, labor, and capital. It then provides case studies of industries in different locations to illustrate how the importance of these factors has changed over time. The case studies include steel manufacturing on Teesside in the UK, footloose industries along the M4 motorway in the UK, heavy industries in the Rhine-Ruhr region of Germany, and industries in less economically developed countries.
Peak Copper
The document discusses peak copper, whether concerns about it are valid, and perspectives on copper reserves and resources. It notes that while copper is relatively common in the Earth's crust, only a fraction can be feasibly extracted. Estimates suggest there are over 1 billion metric tons of copper in the ground that could potentially be used, with around 950 million metric tons considered economically recoverable based on current discovery and extraction potential. The document explores factors that could affect peak copper projections like new discoveries, technological advances, and demand variations.
South Wales Part I The Valleys
The coal and iron/steel industries prospered in the Valleys of South Wales in the 19th and early 20th centuries due to accessible raw materials and a large workforce. These industries declined later in the 20th century as Britain's empire declined, raw materials became exhausted, and foreign competition increased. Coal is no longer Britain's primary energy source, and the small steel works in the Valleys were inefficient compared to larger, integrated coastal plants.
Mineral resources
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic compounds that make up the Earth's crust. They include metals like iron and copper as well as non-metals like salt and gypsum. Mineral resources can be divided into fuel minerals like coal and oil, and metallic and non-metallic minerals. Metallic minerals contain metals while non-metallics do not. Mineral resources are vital for industries and development but overexploitation can lead to environmental problems like pollution, depletion of resources, and degradation of land. Conservation efforts include sustainable mining practices and reducing waste.
Refractory Minerals Outlook: Minerals Matter
Review of industrial mineral supply chains and their significance to the refractory raw materials sector. Trends and developments in refractory minerals supply. Specific focus on andalusite, bauxite, graphite, and magnesia.
Industrial Minerals: curiosity or sound investment?
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SECONDARY ACTIVITIES 2.pptx
The document discusses different types of industrial regions and industries. It describes traditional industrial regions that developed around coal fields and were based on heavy industries like steel production. These regions faced problems as demand declined. It provides the example of the Ruhr Valley in Germany as a major traditional region. It then contrasts traditional industries with new high-tech industries that rely on research and development. High-tech regions have a highly skilled workforce and use new technologies. Finally, it briefly outlines the global distribution and characteristics of the iron and steel and cotton textile industries.
Industry
Heavy industries have historically located along the River Tees in northeast England due to access to raw materials like iron ore, coal, and limestone needed for steel production. The river allows large ships to transport these bulk materials cheaply. Today, some steel mills remain though access to local limestone is now the only original advantage. Light industries have grown up near motorways, offering quick transport of smaller consumer goods to wealthy markets like London. High-tech industries favor areas with skilled labor pools and amenities that attract workers, locating along motorway corridors between cities and universities.
Vijay
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition and physical properties. They are formed over millions of years in the earth's crust. Minerals can be metallic or non-metallic, and are found as ores that must be extracted through mining. Mining provides raw materials for industries but can damage the environment through pollution, land degradation, and health impacts on local communities. Examples of major environmental issues include pollution from uranium mining in Jaduguda, India and land subsidence from coal mining in Jharia, India. Proper regulations and rehabilitation efforts are needed to minimize mining's environmental footprint.
8335369-PPT.Class.VIII Industries (Geo) (1).pdf
This document discusses the classification and location of industries. It classifies industries based on raw materials, size, and ownership. The key factors affecting industry location are availability of raw materials, labor, transportation, energy, and markets. Major industry types discussed include iron and steel, textiles, and information technology. Important industry regions highlighted include Pittsburgh for steel, Ahmedabad for textiles, and Silicon Valley and Bangalore for information technology.
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Unidad 4 - La transformación de España en el siglo XIX (PPT).pdf
La transformación de España en el siglo XIX estuvo marcada por tres eventos clave: 1) La guerra de independencia contra Napoleón y la promulgación de la constitución liberal de 1812, 2) La independencia de las colonias hispanoamericanas liderada por figuras como San Martín y Bolívar, y 3) El reinado de Isabel II y la construcción del estado liberal entre 1833 y 1868, período que estuvo plagado de inestabilidad política e interferencia de la reina.
2023.24 - UNIT 5 - The Industrial Revolution (Presentation).pdf
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2023.24 Unit 4 - Spain in the 19th century (Presentation).pdf
The document provides an overview of Spain in the 19th century, covering several key periods:
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- Latin American independence movements succeeded across much of Latin America from 1810-1824 as the criollos led revolts against Spanish rule.
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UNIDAD 3 - La Revolución Industrial e Imperialismo. El reparto del mundo (PPT...
La Revolución Industrial comenzó en Gran Bretaña en el siglo XVIII y se expandió por Europa y América. Esto dio lugar a cambios económicos, sociales y tecnológicos como la mecanización de la producción y el desarrollo de nuevas industrias como la textil y la siderúrgica. La Revolución Industrial también condujo a la formación de una sociedad de clases dividida entre la burguesía y el proletariado. El documento analiza los orígenes y factores de la Revolución Industrial, su expansión
2023.24 Unit 3 - The European Restoration (1814-71) (PPT).pdf
1. This document summarizes European history from 1814-1871, focusing on the restoration of monarchies after Napoleon, the rise of liberalism and nationalism, and the unification of Italy and Germany.
2. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 restored absolutist monarchies across Europe but failed to suppress the growth of liberalism and nationalism. A series of liberal revolutions broke out starting in 1820, leading to the eventual collapse of absolutism.
3. Nationalist movements emerged in response to Napoleon's conquests and the territorial settlements of 1815. This led to the unification of Italy and Germany in the 1860s and 1870s and the rise of nation-states across Europe.
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2023.24 Unit 3 - The European Restoration (1814-71) (PPT).pdf
1. The document summarizes political and cultural developments in Europe between 1814-1871, including the restoration of absolutist monarchies after Napoleon, the liberal revolutions of 1820, 1830 and 1848, and the rise of nationalist movements leading to the unification of Italy and Germany.
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3. Nationalist sentiments grew in response to Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna, manifesting in movements that led to Italian unification under
2023-24 UNIT 2 - The Age of Revolutions (PPT).pdf
This document provides an overview of the Age of Revolutions from 1789-1814. It discusses key events such as the American Revolution and independence movement, the French Revolution and establishment of republican rule, as well as the Napoleonic Era. It also covers the crisis of the Spanish monarchy under Charles IV leading to the War of Independence against French occupation. The document examines these major historical developments across Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries through a period of revolutionary change and the spread of new political ideas.
UNIDAD 2 - Las Revoluciones Liberales (PPT).pdf
Este documento resume los principales eventos de las revoluciones liberales en América y Francia entre los siglos XVIII y XIX. Describe la Revolución Americana contra el dominio británico y la Declaración de Independencia de 1776. Luego explica el inicio de la Revolución Francesa en 1789 con la convocatoria de los Estados Generales, la toma de la Bastilla y la Asamblea Nacional. Finalmente, resume la radicalización de la revolución francesa bajo el gobierno jacobino y la era napoleónica hasta 1815.
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Unit 3 - The Secondary Sector (ppt)
- 4. INDUSTRIAL ROCKS MINERALS • Energy rocks or fossil fuels • Useful rocks for construction. • Precious stones. • Useful minerals (iron, copper, lead, etc.) • Precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, etc.). • Strategic minerals (uranium, coltan, etc.).
- 9. Iron mining
- 10. Gold mining
- 18. 2017
- 32. FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1770-1850)
- 37. THIRD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (from 1950 onwards)
- 42. ACCORDING TO THEIR POSITION IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS HEAVY INDUSTRY CAPITAL GOODS INDUSTRY CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY
- 43. ACCORDING THE WEIGHT OF THE RAW MATERIALS HEAVY INDUSTRY SEMI-HEAVY INDUSTRY LIGHT INDUSTRY ACCORDING ITS TECHNOLOGY LOW TECHNOLOGY MATURE INDUSTRY HIGH-TECH INDUSTRY
- 44. MAIN OBJECTIVE: TO PRODUCE THE BIGGEST YIELD AT THE LOWEST COST TRADITIONAL FACTORS • Proximity to raw materials and energy sources • Proximity to markets • Proximity to ports and transport routes • Abundance of low-skilled labour and sources of capital CURRENT FACTORS • Accessibility to raw materials and energy sources • Abundance of cheap labour or highly-skilled workers • Economic policies: willingness of governments in terms of location, financing, innovation, regulations, etc.
- 46. CONTEMPORARY INDUSTRIAL AREAS CENTRES FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES Developed countries Abundance of qualified workers Research and development HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES Modern industries Advanced electric development and innovation Consumer good industries
- 47. CONTEMPORARY INDUSTRIAL AREAS INDUSTRIAL PARKS OR INDUSTRIAL STATES Outside urban centres Light industries and offices MATURE OR LOW-TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES In emerging or underdeveloped countries Require low-cost labour force Offshored production
- 48. HISTORICAL INDUSTRIAL REGIONS (TRIAD) • Advanced technology: high-tech, innovative, etc. • Loss of other industries Offshoring • Qualified workers • High-spending capacity of local markets • Highly developed industries • Increasing industrialisation • Exploitation of natural resources • Globalisation and offshoring EMERGING COUNTRIES LEAST INDUSTRIALISED COUNTRIES • Poorest countries • Limited industrialisation • Lack of natural resources and capital for development • Limited markets • Poor communications
- 49. Employment by sector: Secondary sector: 25,7 %. Industry: 14,1 % Construction: 9,9 % Energy (0.7%)
- 50. Year Primary sector Industry and energy Construction Services 1970 11,0 34,0 8,8 46,3 1980 7,0 28,6 7,9 56,5 1990 5,5 25,1 8,8 60,6 2000 4,4 20,9 8,3 66,4 2005 3,1 18,4 11,6 66,8 2009 2,5 15,1 10,7 71,7 2010 2,7 15,6 10,1 71,6 GDP per economic sector in Spain (%)
- 54. Energy consumption in Spain: origins