Medical Imaging, Otitis Media, & Otosclerosis
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This document discusses medical diagnostics used to evaluate ear conditions like otitis media and otosclerosis. It describes imaging tests like CT scans and MRIs that are useful for visualizing bony and soft tissues of the ear. Otitis media is an inflammation of the middle ear that is usually caused by bacteria and often accompanies respiratory infections. It is more common in young children and can be treated with antibiotics or tubes. Left untreated, it can lead to permanent hearing loss or other complications. Otosclerosis occurs when excessive bone growth fixates the stapes, resulting in a conductive hearing loss. It is often treated surgically by removing the stapes and placing a prosthesis.
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OTOSCLEROSIS
Otosclerosis is a hereditary disease causing abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that fixes the stapes bone. It was first described in 1741 and causes progressive conductive or mixed hearing loss. Diagnosis involves audiometry showing characteristic Carhart's notch. Treatment is stapes surgery, either removing or replacing the stapes bone. The surgery has good success rates but risks include sensorineural hearing loss or facial nerve injury. Sodium fluoride may help in some cases of active disease. Hearing aids can be used if surgery is not an option.
Hearing loss
Hearing loss can be classified as conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound is not properly conducted from the outer ear to the inner ear. Common causes include earwax buildup, fluid in the middle ear, or problems with the ossicles. Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when there is damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve. Common causes include noise exposure, certain medications, aging, and genetic factors. Treatment depends on the type and cause of hearing loss but may include surgery, hearing aids, or treating any underlying medical conditions. Hearing loss can significantly impact quality of life but early diagnosis and management can help address the condition.
Assesment of hearing
This document discusses various tests used to assess and diagnose different types of hearing loss, including conductive, sensorineural, and mixed hearing loss. It describes tuning fork tests like the Rinne test, Weber test, and Schwabach's test. It also discusses audiometry tests like pure tone audiometry and impedance audiometry, including tympanometry and acoustic reflex testing. The document provides interpretations of results from these tests to determine the nature and site of lesions causing different hearing disorders.
Abr presentation
This document discusses auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing, which objectively assesses the integrity of the auditory nerve and brainstem pathways. ABR involves recording electrical potentials in response to auditory stimuli using electrodes placed on the scalp. Different wave components in the response reflect activity at different points along the auditory pathway from the auditory nerve to the brainstem. ABR is used to diagnose auditory nerve and brainstem disorders, estimate hearing thresholds, and screen for hearing loss in newborns. The document outlines the ABR procedure and interpretation of results.
Audiometry class by Dr. Kavitha Ashok Kumar MSU Malaysia
1. Pure tone audiometry is an objective test that measures air and bone conduction thresholds to evaluate the type and severity of hearing loss. It is helpful for documentation and diagnosis.
2. Impedance audiometry objectively measures middle ear function through tympanometry and acoustic reflex testing. It can detect middle ear pathologies and is a fast screening test.
3. Otoacoustic emissions are sounds originating from the cochlea that can help diagnose cochlear hearing loss through an objective, noninvasive test done in both children and adults.
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Hearing loss can be conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. Sensorineural hearing loss is due to problems in the inner ear or auditory nerve. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is defined as 30 dB or greater loss over at least 3 frequencies within 3 days. It has multiple potential causes including viruses, bacteria, vascular issues, autoimmune problems, tumors, and Meniere's disease. Treatment depends on the identified cause but often includes steroids and antivirals.
Hearing loss
Hearing loss can be classified as either conductive or sensorineural. Conductive hearing loss is caused by issues in the external or middle ear that disrupt sound transmission through the ear canal or middle ear bones. Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by problems in the inner ear or auditory nerve. Some common causes of conductive hearing loss include earwax, fluid in the middle ear, or damage to the ear bones. Common causes of sensorineural hearing loss include noise exposure, certain medications, aging, and genetic syndromes. Diagnostic tests and treatments vary depending on the type and underlying cause of the hearing loss.
Congenital lesions of larynx
The document discusses various congenital lesions of the larynx that can cause stridor in infants and children, including laryngomalacia, vocal fold paralysis, subglottic stenosis, laryngeal web, and subglottic hemangioma. It describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of each condition. The document also covers acquired causes of stridor and outlines the approach to evaluating and managing a child presenting with stridor.
Recommended
OTOSCLEROSIS
Otosclerosis is a hereditary disease causing abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that fixes the stapes bone. It was first described in 1741 and causes progressive conductive or mixed hearing loss. Diagnosis involves audiometry showing characteristic Carhart's notch. Treatment is stapes surgery, either removing or replacing the stapes bone. The surgery has good success rates but risks include sensorineural hearing loss or facial nerve injury. Sodium fluoride may help in some cases of active disease. Hearing aids can be used if surgery is not an option.
Hearing loss
Hearing loss can be classified as conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound is not properly conducted from the outer ear to the inner ear. Common causes include earwax buildup, fluid in the middle ear, or problems with the ossicles. Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when there is damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve. Common causes include noise exposure, certain medications, aging, and genetic factors. Treatment depends on the type and cause of hearing loss but may include surgery, hearing aids, or treating any underlying medical conditions. Hearing loss can significantly impact quality of life but early diagnosis and management can help address the condition.
Assesment of hearing
This document discusses various tests used to assess and diagnose different types of hearing loss, including conductive, sensorineural, and mixed hearing loss. It describes tuning fork tests like the Rinne test, Weber test, and Schwabach's test. It also discusses audiometry tests like pure tone audiometry and impedance audiometry, including tympanometry and acoustic reflex testing. The document provides interpretations of results from these tests to determine the nature and site of lesions causing different hearing disorders.
Abr presentation
This document discusses auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing, which objectively assesses the integrity of the auditory nerve and brainstem pathways. ABR involves recording electrical potentials in response to auditory stimuli using electrodes placed on the scalp. Different wave components in the response reflect activity at different points along the auditory pathway from the auditory nerve to the brainstem. ABR is used to diagnose auditory nerve and brainstem disorders, estimate hearing thresholds, and screen for hearing loss in newborns. The document outlines the ABR procedure and interpretation of results.
Audiometry class by Dr. Kavitha Ashok Kumar MSU Malaysia
1. Pure tone audiometry is an objective test that measures air and bone conduction thresholds to evaluate the type and severity of hearing loss. It is helpful for documentation and diagnosis.
2. Impedance audiometry objectively measures middle ear function through tympanometry and acoustic reflex testing. It can detect middle ear pathologies and is a fast screening test.
3. Otoacoustic emissions are sounds originating from the cochlea that can help diagnose cochlear hearing loss through an objective, noninvasive test done in both children and adults.
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Hearing loss can be conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. Sensorineural hearing loss is due to problems in the inner ear or auditory nerve. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is defined as 30 dB or greater loss over at least 3 frequencies within 3 days. It has multiple potential causes including viruses, bacteria, vascular issues, autoimmune problems, tumors, and Meniere's disease. Treatment depends on the identified cause but often includes steroids and antivirals.
Hearing loss
Hearing loss can be classified as either conductive or sensorineural. Conductive hearing loss is caused by issues in the external or middle ear that disrupt sound transmission through the ear canal or middle ear bones. Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by problems in the inner ear or auditory nerve. Some common causes of conductive hearing loss include earwax, fluid in the middle ear, or damage to the ear bones. Common causes of sensorineural hearing loss include noise exposure, certain medications, aging, and genetic syndromes. Diagnostic tests and treatments vary depending on the type and underlying cause of the hearing loss.
Congenital lesions of larynx
The document discusses various congenital lesions of the larynx that can cause stridor in infants and children, including laryngomalacia, vocal fold paralysis, subglottic stenosis, laryngeal web, and subglottic hemangioma. It describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of each condition. The document also covers acquired causes of stridor and outlines the approach to evaluating and managing a child presenting with stridor.
Hearing loss
Hearing loss is one of the most common conditions among older adults, affecting 30% of those aged 65-74 and 47% of those over age 75. It can range from mild to total hearing loss and can be caused by aging, heredity, disease, loud noise, or other factors. There are two main categories of hearing loss - sensorineural, which is damage to the inner ear and permanent, and conductive, which prevents sound waves from reaching the inner ear and may sometimes be treated. Treatment options include hearing aids, which 25-29% of those over 70 wear, as well as other assistive devices and technologies like cochlear implants. Ongoing research continues to improve hearing loss prevention and
Specific features of hearing aids
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Sudden sensorineural hearing loss me
1. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is defined as hearing loss of at least 30 dB over 3 consecutive frequencies within 72 hours. Clinicians should assess for bilateral SSHL, recurrent episodes, or focal neurological findings which may indicate specific underlying disorders.
2. A thorough history, physical exam including Weber and Rinne tests, and audiometry are used to distinguish SSHL from conductive hearing loss and identify potential causes such as viral infection, autoimmune disease, or vascular issues.
3. Modifying factors like bilateral SSHL, recurrent episodes, or neurological signs suggest conditions including meningitis, autoimmune inner ear disease, Lyme disease, or vertebrobasilar insufficiency that
Assessment of hearing
This document summarizes key aspects of the auditory system and hearing assessment. It describes the organ of Corti and its components that transfer sound energy into electrical signals. Clinical tests for hearing assessment include tuning fork tests, pure tone audiometry to measure air and bone conduction thresholds, and speech audiometry. Special tests include impedance audiometry, short increment sensitivity index test, and evoked response audiometry like electrocochleography and auditory brainstem response. The document provides details on the procedures and clinical significance of these various hearing assessment methods.
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
This document discusses noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). It notes that NIHL is the second most common cause of acquired hearing loss. There are two types of NIHL - acoustic trauma from a single loud noise exposure, and gradually-developing hearing loss from extended exposure to loud noises over time. Loud noise damages the cochlea, especially the outer hair cells, resulting in a noise notch on audiograms between 3-6 kHz. Susceptibility to NIHL varies between individuals based on factors like middle ear function and prior noise exposure.
Ear molds
This is a PPT to introduce different kind of hearing aid earmolds, ear impression and to choose the better earmold for different hearing loss levels.
Acoustic Reflex (AR) and Tone decay (TDT)
This document discusses acoustic reflex and tone decay testing. It defines acoustic reflex as a decrease in tympanic membrane compliance in response to sound stimulation that is measured using immittance testing. Acoustic reflex can be tested ipsi-laterally, stimulating and measuring the same ear, or contra-laterally, stimulating one ear and measuring the opposite ear. Tone decay measures the relaxation of the stapedius muscle between contractions in response to sustained tones and can help localize lesions. Abnormal decay at low frequencies suggests lesions of the auditory nerve or brainstem while decay at high frequencies suggests cochlear lesions.
Cochlear implant
Cochlear implants can help those with severe to profound hearing loss by making speech a viable communication option. They improve speech perception, production, and reading outcomes. Candidates undergo testing to determine candidacy and benefit from a hearing aid trial first. Imaging is needed to assess anatomy and rule out contraindications like 8th nerve lesions. Successful implantation requires a collaborative team approach and post-operative rehabilitation. Risks include wound issues, facial nerve stimulation, and device problems.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a primary disease of the bony otic capsule characterized by abnormal bone resorption and replacement with thicker woven bone. It commonly causes progressive conductive hearing loss. Diagnosis involves history of gradual hearing loss, physical exam finding of Schwartze's sign or positive Rinne test, and audiometry showing conductive loss. Treatment options include hearing aids, medication to slow progression, or stapedotomy/stapedectomy surgery for severe cases. The goal of surgery is to create a new connection between the middle and inner ear by placing a prosthesis between the incus and stapes footplate.
Presbycusis and noise induced hearing loss
This document discusses noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). It defines NIHL and notes it is usually sensorineural, bilateral, and symmetrical initially affecting higher frequencies. NIHL can be temporary (TTS) or permanent (PTS). It affects about 10% of the global workforce and is the second most common cause of hearing loss. The pathophysiology involves metabolic changes like oxidative stress and structural changes to hair cells and supporting structures. Diagnosis involves audiometry typically showing a notch at 4 kHz. Prevention focuses on hearing protection, noise control, and early treatment.
Hearing loss evaluation
The document discusses hearing loss and its evaluation and management. It describes how hearing works and how loss can result from defects at any level of the hearing system. Proper evaluation of hearing loss considers factors like age, severity, onset, family history, and associated symptoms. Physical exams and audiograms are used to diagnose the type and cause of loss. Differential diagnosis separates conditions like cerumen impaction, middle ear issues, and sensorineural causes. Management depends on the specific cause but may include surgery, medication, hearing aids, or lifestyle changes.
Sensorineural hearing loss
This document summarizes various causes and types of sensori-neural hearing loss (SNHL). It notes that SNHL affects 278 million people worldwide according to the WHO, and is one of the top 20 global burdens of disease. Causes include genetic syndromic and non-syndromic conditions present at birth, as well as acquired causes like presbyacusis, noise-induced hearing loss, ototoxicity from certain drugs, trauma, and idiopathic sudden SNHL. Ototoxic drugs like aminoglycoside antibiotics and chemotherapy agents can cause permanent SNHL. Prevention, early detection, and treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause.
NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS
Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) can be caused by exposure to loud noises over time. It typically affects higher frequencies initially and can be either temporary or permanent. NIHL is common in occupations with high noise exposure like manufacturing. The damage occurs through metabolic and structural changes in the inner ear from excessive noise stimulation. Prevention involves wearing hearing protection and implementing hearing conservation programs in noisy workplaces. Compensation claims for NIHL require proving long-term exposure to hazardous noise levels caused the observed hearing loss.
Otosclerosis
This document provides an overview of otosclerosis, including:
- It is a primary metabolic bone disease affecting the bones of the middle ear that can cause conductive or sensorineural hearing loss.
- The pathophysiology involves abnormal bone remodeling leading to fixation of the ossicles or invasion of the inner ear.
- Treatment options include observation, hearing aids, medical management with drugs like sodium fluoride, and surgical procedures like stapedotomy or stapedectomy to restore hearing.
- Imaging with CT can help grade the severity of the disease and plan for surgical management when indicated based on the air-bone gap and progression of hearing loss.
Cochlear implant mukace final
The document provides an overview of cochlear implants, including their history, components, surgical procedure, candidate selection criteria, and post-operative considerations. It discusses the main components of cochlear implants, how they work to directly stimulate the auditory nerve, and the different implant systems from Cochlear, Advanced Bionics, and Med-El. Important aspects like electrode array design and coding strategies used to transmit sound are also summarized.
Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the perception of sound within the human ear in the absence of corresponding external sound. It affects approximately 10-15% of the population and can be caused by hearing loss, noise exposure, ear injury, certain medications, dental problems, neurological disorders, and other factors. While there is no cure for tinnitus, treatment options aim to make the condition less noticeable and disruptive, including sound therapy, counseling, relaxation techniques, and in some cases medication or surgery. Tinnitus is a complex neurological phenomenon involving changes in the brain related to loss of normal auditory input, and it continues to be an active area of research seeking more effective treatment and management strategies.
Hearing Tests for Children
1. Hearing tests are important for children to identify any hearing loss as early as possible to help with speech and language development.
2. Common hearing tests for infants include otoacoustic emissions testing, auditory brainstem response testing, and auditory steady state response testing which are painless tests to check the infant's hearing.
3. Hearing tests for toddlers include visual reinforcement audiometry which uses visual rewards to condition the child's response to sounds, and play audiometry which uses games and toys to test hearing.
NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS ~ Shri.Dr.Ch.Ramanachary Ji, MS ENT
NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS !
~ Shri.Dr.Ch.Ramanachary Ji, MS ENT,
Professor and HOD Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences,
Karimnagar, Telangana State, India
sudden sensorineural hearing loss
This document discusses sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). It notes that SSNHL is devastating for patients and frustrating for doctors, with the cause often unknown. Key points include that the annual incidence is 5-20 cases per 100,000 people, 90% of cases are idiopathic, and potential causes include infection, trauma, vascular issues, tumors, and autoimmune disorders. Treatment options discussed include steroids, intratympanic steroids, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, carbogen, antivirals, and diuretics. The prognosis is generally good, with 65% recovering hearing within 2 weeks.
Tinnitus and hyperacusis
This document discusses tinnitus and hyperacusis. It defines tinnitus as any perceived sound that does not come from an external source. The most common causes are hearing loss and changes in the auditory system. Treatments include counseling, sound therapy like masking, and Tinnitus Retraining Therapy. Hyperacusis causes sounds to seem too loud and is often comorbid with tinnitus. Precautions must be taken when fitting hearing aids for patients with hyperacusis. Referral to an ENT is recommended if tinnitus or hyperacusis seems worse than the measured hearing loss.
4. otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a disease that causes fixation of the stapes bone in the middle ear, resulting in conductive hearing loss. It is caused by abnormal bone growth around the oval window or stapes footplate. Symptoms include progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, and occasionally vertigo. Diagnosis is made through audiometric testing showing conductive hearing loss. Treatment options include medication with sodium fluoride, hearing aids, or stapes surgery to remove the stapes bone and replace it with a prosthesis, improving hearing. Complications of surgery can include facial nerve injury, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss.
Otosclerosis ENT
Otosclerosis is a primary disease of the bony otic capsule characterized by abnormal bone remodeling. It typically causes conductive hearing loss in adults and is most common in those aged 15-45 years old. Diagnosis involves a history of progressive hearing loss, examination demonstrating conductive hearing deficits, and imaging showing areas of abnormal bone. Treatment options include hearing aids, medical management to slow progression, and surgical procedures like stapedotomy to reconstruct hearing. Complications can include sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo, and facial nerve injury but surgery is often successful in improving hearing.
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Hearing loss
Hearing loss is one of the most common conditions among older adults, affecting 30% of those aged 65-74 and 47% of those over age 75. It can range from mild to total hearing loss and can be caused by aging, heredity, disease, loud noise, or other factors. There are two main categories of hearing loss - sensorineural, which is damage to the inner ear and permanent, and conductive, which prevents sound waves from reaching the inner ear and may sometimes be treated. Treatment options include hearing aids, which 25-29% of those over 70 wear, as well as other assistive devices and technologies like cochlear implants. Ongoing research continues to improve hearing loss prevention and
Specific features of hearing aids
contents: Routing of signals, automatic signal processing,peak clipping and compression, types of hearing aids, signal enhancing technology
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss me
1. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is defined as hearing loss of at least 30 dB over 3 consecutive frequencies within 72 hours. Clinicians should assess for bilateral SSHL, recurrent episodes, or focal neurological findings which may indicate specific underlying disorders.
2. A thorough history, physical exam including Weber and Rinne tests, and audiometry are used to distinguish SSHL from conductive hearing loss and identify potential causes such as viral infection, autoimmune disease, or vascular issues.
3. Modifying factors like bilateral SSHL, recurrent episodes, or neurological signs suggest conditions including meningitis, autoimmune inner ear disease, Lyme disease, or vertebrobasilar insufficiency that
Assessment of hearing
This document summarizes key aspects of the auditory system and hearing assessment. It describes the organ of Corti and its components that transfer sound energy into electrical signals. Clinical tests for hearing assessment include tuning fork tests, pure tone audiometry to measure air and bone conduction thresholds, and speech audiometry. Special tests include impedance audiometry, short increment sensitivity index test, and evoked response audiometry like electrocochleography and auditory brainstem response. The document provides details on the procedures and clinical significance of these various hearing assessment methods.
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
This document discusses noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). It notes that NIHL is the second most common cause of acquired hearing loss. There are two types of NIHL - acoustic trauma from a single loud noise exposure, and gradually-developing hearing loss from extended exposure to loud noises over time. Loud noise damages the cochlea, especially the outer hair cells, resulting in a noise notch on audiograms between 3-6 kHz. Susceptibility to NIHL varies between individuals based on factors like middle ear function and prior noise exposure.
Ear molds
This is a PPT to introduce different kind of hearing aid earmolds, ear impression and to choose the better earmold for different hearing loss levels.
Acoustic Reflex (AR) and Tone decay (TDT)
This document discusses acoustic reflex and tone decay testing. It defines acoustic reflex as a decrease in tympanic membrane compliance in response to sound stimulation that is measured using immittance testing. Acoustic reflex can be tested ipsi-laterally, stimulating and measuring the same ear, or contra-laterally, stimulating one ear and measuring the opposite ear. Tone decay measures the relaxation of the stapedius muscle between contractions in response to sustained tones and can help localize lesions. Abnormal decay at low frequencies suggests lesions of the auditory nerve or brainstem while decay at high frequencies suggests cochlear lesions.
Cochlear implant
Cochlear implants can help those with severe to profound hearing loss by making speech a viable communication option. They improve speech perception, production, and reading outcomes. Candidates undergo testing to determine candidacy and benefit from a hearing aid trial first. Imaging is needed to assess anatomy and rule out contraindications like 8th nerve lesions. Successful implantation requires a collaborative team approach and post-operative rehabilitation. Risks include wound issues, facial nerve stimulation, and device problems.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a primary disease of the bony otic capsule characterized by abnormal bone resorption and replacement with thicker woven bone. It commonly causes progressive conductive hearing loss. Diagnosis involves history of gradual hearing loss, physical exam finding of Schwartze's sign or positive Rinne test, and audiometry showing conductive loss. Treatment options include hearing aids, medication to slow progression, or stapedotomy/stapedectomy surgery for severe cases. The goal of surgery is to create a new connection between the middle and inner ear by placing a prosthesis between the incus and stapes footplate.
Presbycusis and noise induced hearing loss
This document discusses noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). It defines NIHL and notes it is usually sensorineural, bilateral, and symmetrical initially affecting higher frequencies. NIHL can be temporary (TTS) or permanent (PTS). It affects about 10% of the global workforce and is the second most common cause of hearing loss. The pathophysiology involves metabolic changes like oxidative stress and structural changes to hair cells and supporting structures. Diagnosis involves audiometry typically showing a notch at 4 kHz. Prevention focuses on hearing protection, noise control, and early treatment.
Hearing loss evaluation
The document discusses hearing loss and its evaluation and management. It describes how hearing works and how loss can result from defects at any level of the hearing system. Proper evaluation of hearing loss considers factors like age, severity, onset, family history, and associated symptoms. Physical exams and audiograms are used to diagnose the type and cause of loss. Differential diagnosis separates conditions like cerumen impaction, middle ear issues, and sensorineural causes. Management depends on the specific cause but may include surgery, medication, hearing aids, or lifestyle changes.
Sensorineural hearing loss
This document summarizes various causes and types of sensori-neural hearing loss (SNHL). It notes that SNHL affects 278 million people worldwide according to the WHO, and is one of the top 20 global burdens of disease. Causes include genetic syndromic and non-syndromic conditions present at birth, as well as acquired causes like presbyacusis, noise-induced hearing loss, ototoxicity from certain drugs, trauma, and idiopathic sudden SNHL. Ototoxic drugs like aminoglycoside antibiotics and chemotherapy agents can cause permanent SNHL. Prevention, early detection, and treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause.
NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS
Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) can be caused by exposure to loud noises over time. It typically affects higher frequencies initially and can be either temporary or permanent. NIHL is common in occupations with high noise exposure like manufacturing. The damage occurs through metabolic and structural changes in the inner ear from excessive noise stimulation. Prevention involves wearing hearing protection and implementing hearing conservation programs in noisy workplaces. Compensation claims for NIHL require proving long-term exposure to hazardous noise levels caused the observed hearing loss.
Otosclerosis
This document provides an overview of otosclerosis, including:
- It is a primary metabolic bone disease affecting the bones of the middle ear that can cause conductive or sensorineural hearing loss.
- The pathophysiology involves abnormal bone remodeling leading to fixation of the ossicles or invasion of the inner ear.
- Treatment options include observation, hearing aids, medical management with drugs like sodium fluoride, and surgical procedures like stapedotomy or stapedectomy to restore hearing.
- Imaging with CT can help grade the severity of the disease and plan for surgical management when indicated based on the air-bone gap and progression of hearing loss.
Cochlear implant mukace final
The document provides an overview of cochlear implants, including their history, components, surgical procedure, candidate selection criteria, and post-operative considerations. It discusses the main components of cochlear implants, how they work to directly stimulate the auditory nerve, and the different implant systems from Cochlear, Advanced Bionics, and Med-El. Important aspects like electrode array design and coding strategies used to transmit sound are also summarized.
Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the perception of sound within the human ear in the absence of corresponding external sound. It affects approximately 10-15% of the population and can be caused by hearing loss, noise exposure, ear injury, certain medications, dental problems, neurological disorders, and other factors. While there is no cure for tinnitus, treatment options aim to make the condition less noticeable and disruptive, including sound therapy, counseling, relaxation techniques, and in some cases medication or surgery. Tinnitus is a complex neurological phenomenon involving changes in the brain related to loss of normal auditory input, and it continues to be an active area of research seeking more effective treatment and management strategies.
Hearing Tests for Children
1. Hearing tests are important for children to identify any hearing loss as early as possible to help with speech and language development.
2. Common hearing tests for infants include otoacoustic emissions testing, auditory brainstem response testing, and auditory steady state response testing which are painless tests to check the infant's hearing.
3. Hearing tests for toddlers include visual reinforcement audiometry which uses visual rewards to condition the child's response to sounds, and play audiometry which uses games and toys to test hearing.
NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS ~ Shri.Dr.Ch.Ramanachary Ji, MS ENT
NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS !
~ Shri.Dr.Ch.Ramanachary Ji, MS ENT,
Professor and HOD Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences,
Karimnagar, Telangana State, India
sudden sensorineural hearing loss
This document discusses sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). It notes that SSNHL is devastating for patients and frustrating for doctors, with the cause often unknown. Key points include that the annual incidence is 5-20 cases per 100,000 people, 90% of cases are idiopathic, and potential causes include infection, trauma, vascular issues, tumors, and autoimmune disorders. Treatment options discussed include steroids, intratympanic steroids, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, carbogen, antivirals, and diuretics. The prognosis is generally good, with 65% recovering hearing within 2 weeks.
Tinnitus and hyperacusis
This document discusses tinnitus and hyperacusis. It defines tinnitus as any perceived sound that does not come from an external source. The most common causes are hearing loss and changes in the auditory system. Treatments include counseling, sound therapy like masking, and Tinnitus Retraining Therapy. Hyperacusis causes sounds to seem too loud and is often comorbid with tinnitus. Precautions must be taken when fitting hearing aids for patients with hyperacusis. Referral to an ENT is recommended if tinnitus or hyperacusis seems worse than the measured hearing loss.
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NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS ~ Shri.Dr.Ch.Ramanachary Ji, MS ENT
NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS ~ Shri.Dr.Ch.Ramanachary Ji, MS ENT
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4. otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a disease that causes fixation of the stapes bone in the middle ear, resulting in conductive hearing loss. It is caused by abnormal bone growth around the oval window or stapes footplate. Symptoms include progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, and occasionally vertigo. Diagnosis is made through audiometric testing showing conductive hearing loss. Treatment options include medication with sodium fluoride, hearing aids, or stapes surgery to remove the stapes bone and replace it with a prosthesis, improving hearing. Complications of surgery can include facial nerve injury, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss.
Otosclerosis ENT
Otosclerosis is a primary disease of the bony otic capsule characterized by abnormal bone remodeling. It typically causes conductive hearing loss in adults and is most common in those aged 15-45 years old. Diagnosis involves a history of progressive hearing loss, examination demonstrating conductive hearing deficits, and imaging showing areas of abnormal bone. Treatment options include hearing aids, medical management to slow progression, and surgical procedures like stapedotomy to reconstruct hearing. Complications can include sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo, and facial nerve injury but surgery is often successful in improving hearing.
Ear
The document describes various equipment, techniques, and procedures used in otolaryngologic examinations. It includes descriptions of:
- Examination chairs and mirrors used to examine patients' ears, nose, and throat
- Techniques for examining infants and children with an assistant's help
- Common tests performed including tuning fork tests, audiometry, and tympanometry
- Otoscopic examination techniques using different specula and equipment
- Examination of the ear drum and conditions that affect its appearance
- Surgical and non-surgical treatment options for various ear conditions
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a primary disease of the bony labyrinth that causes one or more foci of irregularly laid spongy bone to replace the normally dense bone of the otic capsule. It most commonly involves the stapes region, leading to stapes fixation and conductive hearing loss. The exact cause is unknown but factors like heredity, race, age, and endocrine changes have been proposed. Stapedectomy or stapedotomy with prosthesis placement is the treatment of choice for symptomatic cases. Complications can include injury to surrounding structures like the facial nerve or chorda tympani during surgery.
Otosclerosis
The document discusses otosclerosis, a primary metabolic bone disease that results in fixation of the ossicles and conductive hearing loss. It provides a historical overview of otosclerosis and stapes surgery, details the epidemiology and pathophysiology of otosclerosis, and describes the diagnostic evaluation, medical and surgical management options for treating otosclerosis. The surgical procedure of stapedectomy and potential complications are also outlined.
Otosclerosis 2013
Measure and mark
incus and oval window
Removal of stapes suprastructure
Stapedotomy vs.
stapedectomy
Drill vs. laser vs.
microscissors
Avoid injury to the
facial nerve and
cochlea
Remove all
suprastructure
Oval window preparation
Remove any
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with a diamond burr
Ensure a clean
circular opening
Avoid injury to the
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Seal any perilymph
leaks
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Otosclerosis
Este documento resume la otosclerosis, una enfermedad que causa hipoacusia progresiva. Es una osteodistrofia de la cápsula ótica que afecta más a mujeres y caucásicos. Puede causar hipoacusia conductiva o neurosensorial. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica, exámen físico y estudios como audiometría y tomografía. El tratamiento incluye observación, amplificación, medicamentos como fluoruro o cirugía como la estapedectomía.
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Otitis media
All Otitis media is middle-ear disease. Otitis media are of 2 major types: acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion.
Otosclerosis dr.p.kartyhikeyan,07.03.2016
This document provides an overview of otosclerosis, including its definition, etiology, types, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options. Otosclerosis is a primary disease of the otic capsule that causes conductive hearing loss by fixing the stapes footplate. It has an unknown etiology but may be hereditary or related to hormonal or enzymatic factors. Types include stapedial, cochlear, and malignant otosclerosis. Clinical features are conductive hearing loss and tinnitus. Diagnosis involves audiometric testing. Treatment options include sodium fluoride medication or stapedectomy surgery to improve hearing.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a metabolic bone disease that causes abnormal bone growth in the ossicles of the middle ear, commonly fixing the stapes bone. It most often presents between ages 15-45 and risk factors include family history and metabolic abnormalities. Symptoms include hearing loss and tinnitus. Diagnosis involves audiometry, otoscopic examination, and CT scan. Treatment options include stapedotomy or stapedectomy surgery as well as hearing aids or fluoride therapy for non-surgical candidates or those who decline surgery. The goal of treatment is to restore hearing by improving sound conduction through the middle ear.
Ent quiz questions
This document provides instructions for a quiz. It states that questions are labeled A through Z, with vowels marked as star questions worth 2 points each. No negative points will be given. Participants should not use mobile phones or they will be disqualified. The quizmaster's decision is final. It then provides sample quiz questions seeking identification of people, objects, movies, etc.
Earwax
Earwax is a protective coating in the ear canal composed of cerumen and skin cells. It serves to prevent dryness and trap dirt. Earwax production is normal but can build up due to narrow ear canals, excessive hair, or using Q-tips. Build up can cause hearing loss, pain, or infection. Treatment may involve softening earwax with drops followed by irrigation to remove it. There are two main types of earwax, wet or dry, which can impact how difficult it is to remove during irrigation.
Otitis part 2
1) Retraction pockets and atelectasis occur when parts of the eardrum lack an elastic layer, causing the eardrum to retract inward and accumulate debris.
2) Perforations of the eardrum can be central, marginal, or attic. Marginal perforations involve the fibrous annulus and are associated with bone disease and cholesteatoma formation.
3) Chronic otitis media can be non-suppurative (e.g. serous or glue ear) or suppurative (e.g. tubo-tympanic or attico-antral disease), which is more destructive and dangerous.
Child otitis media
This document discusses nursing care for a child with otitis media (ear infection). It provides goals for treatment, interventions to meet those goals, and expected outcomes. The goals are to: 1) manage pain, 2) treat infection, 3) support caregivers, 4) educate parents on infection prevention, and 5) ensure normal growth and development by addressing any hearing loss. Interventions include analgesic and antibiotic administration, caregiver education, developmental monitoring, and infection control measures. Expected outcomes are resolution of symptoms, prevention of recurrence, and normal development.
Ent quiz
This document contains miscellaneous trivia questions about people, places, movies, songs, books and more. It includes questions that can be answered by identifying people like Jayati Modi, Aishwarya Rajnikanth Dhanush, Bob Dylan, Irina Shayk; movies/shows like Just ID the man playing TT, Parathewala Galli; dishes/foods like Haleem, Tunday Kabab; books like Easy Exotic by Shakuntala Devi; concepts like Ouija boards, Bagatelle; and more. The document tests varied knowledge across many domains.
surgical management of ototsclerosis
The document discusses the history and surgical management of otosclerosis. It begins with an overview of the historical understanding and treatment of otosclerosis dating back to the 18th century. It then covers the evolution of stapes surgery techniques from early attempts in the late 19th century to modern laser and prosthesis approaches. Key aspects of stapedectomy and stapedotomy procedures are described, including indications, contraindications, outcomes, complications, and problems that can occur intraoperatively. Post-operative care and potential issues are also summarized.
Cholelithiasis:Early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
Understanding the pathophysiology of gallstone disease is important for prevention and treatment of the condition.
Otosclerosis
La otosclerosis es una enfermedad ósea primaria que causa fijación de los huesecillos del oído medio, limitada al hueso temporal. Esto produce una hipoacusia conductiva o mixta progresiva. Se trata quirúrgicamente mediante una estapedectomía o estapedotomía para restaurar la conducción ósea. La prótesis del estribo mejora la audición en la mayoría de los pacientes.
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This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It describes the three main parts of the ear - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them through the ear canal to the eardrum. The middle ear contains three small bones that transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The inner ear, which contains the cochlea, converts these vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve. The document outlines various causes of hearing loss in each part of the ear, such as ear infections, wax buildup, trauma, and certain medical conditions.
Diseases of the Ear.pptx
Cerumen impaction is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in adults. It occurs when excess cerumen blocks the ear canal. Symptoms include hearing loss, tinnitus, and fullness. Treatment options include ceruminolytic drops, manual removal, or syringing of the ear canal. Otitis externa is an infection of the outer ear canal that presents with pain, itching, discharge and fullness. Predisposing factors include swimming, mechanical cleaning, and devices that occlude the ear canal. Chronic suppurative otitis media is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear that results in a perforated eardrum and discharge from the ear.
Disorders of Special Senses (Eye & Ear.pptx
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Hearing disorders dr.bakshi, 21.03.2016
Types of hearing loss include conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. Common causes are otitis media, noise exposure, presbycusis, genetic factors, and certain drugs. Evaluation involves testing such as audiograms, tympanograms, and brainstem response audiometry. Management options depend on the type and severity of hearing loss and may include surgery, hearing aids, cochlear implants, or assistive devices.
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Let’s review
This document provides an overview of basic hearing evaluation procedures including audiometry and speech testing. It discusses puretone audiometry including air and bone conduction testing. Normal hearing thresholds and different types of hearing loss including conductive, sensorineural and mixed are defined. Common pathologies of the outer, middle and inner ear that can cause different types of hearing loss are described. The document also reviews different audiometric configurations and treatments for various hearing losses.
Comfort and loudness measures
This document discusses concepts related to loudness perception and discomfort for individuals with hearing loss. It defines key terms like dynamic range, loudness recruitment, most comfortable level, uncomfortable level, and loudness discomfort level. LDL testing involves using tones or noise to determine the level at which sounds become uncomfortably loud. LDLs measured in dB HL must be converted to dB SPL for real-ear comparison to hearing aid output, using RETSPL and RECD values. Comparing measured LDLs to real-ear saturation response can help ensure hearing aid output does not exceed discomfort levels.
Speech audiometry & masking
This document provides guidance on performing speech audiometry tests, including speech reception threshold (SRT), word recognition score (WRS), and speech-in-noise tests. It discusses procedures for determining SRT and WRS, considerations for non-native English speakers and those with hearing loss, and the clinical significance of test results including how they can indicate site of lesion. Masking procedures are also outlined to limit interference between ears during testing.
Audiometric masking
This document provides information about masking techniques used during audiometric testing. It defines masking and explains that the goal is to prevent the non-test ear from participating. Interaural attenuation values are discussed as well as when masking is needed for air and bone conduction tests. Types of masking noise, appropriate levels of noise, and risks of undermasking and overmasking are covered.
Audiogram interpretation
This document defines different types of hearing loss including conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. It describes the magnitude, type, and configuration of hearing loss. Normal hearing is defined as thresholds ≤15 dB. Degree of loss is categorized as slight, mild, moderate, etc. based on puretone average. Conductive loss shows normal bone conduction but abnormal air conduction with an air-bone gap. Sensorineural loss has equal abnormal air and bone conduction thresholds. Mixed loss has characteristics of both. Configuration can be flat, rising, sloping, or precipitous. Certain conditions require medical referral.
Acoustics and basic audiometry
This document provides an overview of acoustics and basic audiometry concepts. It defines key terms like frequency, intensity, pitch and loudness. It explains that frequency is a physical property of sound measured in Hertz, while pitch is the human perception of how high or low a sound is. Intensity is the physical measurement of sound pressure in decibels, while loudness is the human perception of sound intensity. The document also reviews concepts like pure tones, complex sounds, fundamental frequency, harmonics, and resonant frequency. It describes how to perform a basic audiologic assessment, including taking a case history, performing puretone audiometry to test air and bone conduction thresholds, and assessing speech recognition.
Vestibular disorders
The document discusses vestibular disorders and the anatomy and function of the inner ear's role in balance. It describes how the semicircular canals and otolith organs detect movement and orientation. Common causes of dizziness include Meniere's disease, BPPV, vestibular neuritis, and migraines. Diagnosis involves a case history and vestibular testing like VNG, rotary chair, and VEMPs. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause but may include medications, repositioning maneuvers, surgery, or vestibular rehabilitation therapy.
Tinnitus
Tinnitus is any sound perceived by the listener without an external source. It is commonly described as ringing, buzzing, or whooshing. Tinnitus affects 60 million Americans and is usually caused by hearing loss, though it can also be linked to other medical issues. While tinnitus cannot be cured, treatments like counseling, sound therapy, and tinnitus retraining therapy can help manage symptoms by reducing attention and stress around the condition. The document provides an overview of tinnitus causes, types, prevalence, and treatment options.
Hearing Conservation
This document discusses noise-induced hearing loss and prevention methods. It notes that hearing healthcare professionals often overlook prevention. Two questions are presented to help patients appreciate their hearing senses: favorite color and favorite sound. Regulations from OSHA on hearing protection in noisy workplaces are covered. Various types of hearing protection devices are defined, including earplugs, earmuffs, and dual protection. Proper insertion techniques for earplugs are emphasized. Risk factors for noise-induced hearing loss are noise level, duration of exposure, and individual susceptibility.
Acoustic Immittance Measurements
Acoustic immittance measurements objectively assess middle ear function using tympanometry, acoustic reflex thresholds, and acoustic reflex decay. Tympanometry involves placing a probe in the ear canal to measure how acoustic admittance changes as pressure is varied. Normal tympanograms are Type A, while abnormal types include flat (Type B), negative pressure (Type C), stiff (Type As), and flaccid (Type AD). Acoustic reflex thresholds measure the lowest level needed to elicit the stapedius muscle reflex, providing information about the middle ear, cochlea, auditory nerve and brainstem. Acoustic reflex decay tests the sustainability of the reflex over 10 seconds of continuous stimulation.
Audiologic testing
This document provides information on performing and interpreting basic hearing evaluations through audiometric testing. It discusses how to conduct puretone audiometry to test air and bone conduction thresholds and speech testing to obtain the speech reception threshold and word recognition score. These results are used to determine the type, degree, and configuration of any hearing loss. Conductive losses involve the outer/middle ear and show normal bone conduction with an air-bone gap. Sensorineural losses involve the inner ear/auditory nerve and show elevated air and bone conduction thresholds with no gap. Mixed losses combine both conductive and sensorineural components. Proper interpretation of an audiogram is important for medical diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Anatomy of the Auditory System: A Review
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the human auditory system. It discusses the two major subsystems - the peripheral and central auditory systems - and focuses on the structures of the peripheral system, including the outer, middle, and inner ear. Key components that are described in detail include the pinna, ear canal, tympanic membrane, ossicles, cochlea, and auditory nerve. Common pathologies that can affect each area are also listed. The roles of various professionals who work with hearing disorders are outlined. Finally, aspects of the audiometric evaluation process conducted during an ENT exam are briefly reviewed.
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This document discusses hearing aid basics and advanced hearing aid technology. It explains that hearing aids have microphones, amplifiers and speakers to pick up and amplify sounds. Modern hearing aids use non-linear processing like compression and expansion to fit sounds within patients' dynamic ranges and mimic the cochlea's non-linearity. Frequency transposition moves inaudible high frequencies down an octave. Hearing aids may affect the natural resonance of the ear canal. Conductive hearing losses are easier to treat with hearing aids than sensorineural losses.
Anatomy of speech production
This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of speech production. It explains that speech requires respiration to provide air flow from the lungs, phonation in the larynx where the vocal cords vibrate, and articulation using the tongue, lips and palate to form specific sounds. The four main components covered are respiration, phonation, articulation, and resonance. Respiration provides the air flow, phonation vibrates the vocal cords to produce sound, articulation shapes the sounds, and resonance is influenced by the size of the vocal tract.
Psychoacoustics of the pathologic ear
This document discusses the psychoacoustic effects of hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss causes the basilar membrane response to become more linear, resulting in loudness recruitment and reduced frequency selectivity. This impairs one's ability to perceive timbre and localize sounds. Conductive hearing loss does not affect the cochlea, so frequency tuning remains normal. However, sounds are softer and may have an unnatural tonal quality depending on the frequencies affected.
Disorders of the auditory nervous system
This document discusses disorders of the auditory nervous system, including acoustic neuromas and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. It begins by categorizing auditory nervous system disorders as affecting the auditory nerve, cochlear nuclei, or higher pathways. Acoustic neuromas are benign tumors of the auditory nerve that can cause hearing loss and tinnitus. Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder involves abnormal nerve transmission from the cochlea to brainstem. The document also covers evaluation, diagnosis and management of these conditions.
The central auditory system
The central nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord. The brain weighs about 3 pounds and contains over 100 billion neurons that transmit sensory information to be processed. The brain is divided into four lobes - frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital. The temporal lobe processes auditory information. The brain and auditory structures are protected by the skull. Key terms include afferent (ascending sensory pathways), efferent (descending motor pathways), ipsilateral (same side), and contralateral (opposite side). Sound is transmitted from the cochlea along the afferent auditory pathway through the brainstem and to the auditory cortex.
Difference limens & wrap up of acoustics
The document discusses key concepts in acoustics and psychoacoustics including:
1) The just noticeable difference or difference limen, which is the smallest difference between two sounds that can be perceived, and how it varies based on frequency and intensity.
2) How the minimum difference in frequency, intensity, and duration that can be perceived also varies based on the original frequency or intensity.
3) Key acoustic concepts such as wavelength, reflection, reverberation, periodic and aperiodic sounds, fundamental frequency, and resonant frequency.
His 120 tinnitus
Tinnitus is the perception of sound without an external source. It is commonly caused by hearing loss which leads to changes in neural activity that are interpreted as sound. While prevalent, only 20% of tinnitus cases are bothersome. Treatment options aim to mask the tinnitus sound or retrain the brain's reaction to it through counseling, sound therapy, and more. Approaches include masking, medication, cognitive behavioral therapy, tinnitus retraining therapy, and sound treatments like neuromonics.
His 120 vestibular disorders
The document discusses vestibular disorders and the anatomy and function of the vestibular system. It describes how the semicircular canals and otolith organs detect movement and maintain balance. Common vestibular disorders mentioned include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Meniere's disease, vestibular neuritis, and migraine-associated dizziness. Tests for evaluating vestibular function are also summarized, such as videonystagmography, rotary chair testing, and computerized dynamic posturography.
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Medical Imaging, Otitis Media, & Otosclerosis
- 1. Medical Diagnostics, Otitis Media, & Otosclerosis Ozarks Technical Community College HIS 125
- 2. Medical Diagnostics • Lab/Blood work • Imaging • CT Scan • Best at visualizing bony structures • Ossicles • Bony labyrinth • Temporal bone • MRI • Best at visualizing soft tissues • Auditory nerve • Brainstem/brain
- 3. Otitis Media • Definition: inflammation of the middle ear • Cause: usually bacterial; often accompanies/follows a cold, sore throat, or upper respiratory infection • Treatment: antibiotics, tubes if OM is chronic and not successfully responsive to medical treatment • More common in children (especially those <2 yo) due to smaller and more horizontal eustachian tubes and weaker immune systems • 90% of children in US will have at least one case of OM before age 6
- 4. Common Symptoms in Children • • • • • • • Tugging or pulling at the ear(s) Fussiness and crying Trouble sleeping Fever (especially in infants and younger children) Fluid draining from the ear Clumsiness or problems with balance Trouble hearing or responding to quiet sounds • *Increased risk in children who are bottle-fed, use a pacifier, exposed to smoke, attend group daycare Source: nidcd.nih.gov
- 5. Common Symptoms in Adults • • • • • • • • Pain Pressure Popping/crackling Drainage Hearing loss Tinnitus “I feel like I have water stuck in my ear” “My ear feels like it needs to be popped”
- 6. Otitis Media • Classified by type and duration of symptoms: • Type • 1. OM without effusion (fluid) • 2. OM with effusion • 3. OM with perforation of tympanic membrane • Duration • 1. Acute (0-21 days) • 2. Subacute (22 days-8 weeks) • 3. Chronic (>8 weeks)
- 7. Types of Effusion • 1. Serous • Watery, sterile • 2. Purulent • Pus-like, infected • 3. Mucoid • Thick mucus
- 9. Purulent OM • Note the pus-like fluid in the upper half of the middle ear (Image courtesy of Hawke Library)
- 10. Mucoid OM • This left tympanic membrane appears to be normal; however, on careful inspection you’ll see that the middle ear is filled with a gray fluid. • Mucoid fluid that was drained from a middle ear • Images courtesy of Hawke Library
- 11. Audiometric Findings in OM • Otoscopy • May see obvious signs of inflammation, redness • May see fluid and/or retraction of the TM • Tympanometry • Most commonly you will find significant negative pressure (Type C) or an immobile TM/flat tymp (Type B) • Audiometry • Slight-to-mild conductive hearing loss
- 12. If left untreated… • • • • • • Permanent HL Perforated TM Mastoiditis Cholesteatoma Ossicular discontinuity Tympanosclerosis (scarring of TM) • Meningitis • Encephalitis • Brain abscess Tympanosclerosis (Image courtesy of Hawke Library)
- 13. Otosclerosis • Occurs when excessive bone grows around the stapes footplate and fixates the stapes to the oval window • Results in a conductive component to hearing loss • Often hereditary, more common in women • Usually bilateral • Occurs most commonly in 30s or 40s (may occur after childbirth)
- 14. Common Symptoms of Otosclerosis • Hearing loss • Tinnitus
- 15. Audiometric Findings in Otosclerosis • Otoscopy • Usually WNL (within normal limits) • May see Schwartze’s sign=reddish and/or bluish coloration on TM • Tympanometry • Most commonly you will find either normal middle ear function (Type A) or hypocompliance (Type AS) • Audiometry • Conductive and/or mixed hearing loss, often with Carhart’s notch at 2 kHz Schwartze’s sign (L ear); image courtesty of Hawke Library
- 16. Audiogram - Otosclerosis • Carhart’s notch present at 2kHz • Note: This patient had normal tympanograms and absent acoustic reflexes
- 17. Treatment for Otosclerosis • Do nothing • Surgery • Stapedectomy (removal of stapes and prosthesis placement) • Amplification • Usually very easy to fit with a hearing aid(s) Image from: drmkotb.com