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![Sociological Imagination
C. Wright Mills described the sociological
imagination as…
“the capacity to range from the most impersonal
and remote [topics] to the most intimate features
of the human self—and to see the relations
between the two.”
1) What does this mean?
2) Why would Mills think that all good sociologists
need to possess this?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sociologyunit1powerpoint-140222062627-phpapp01/75/Sociology-unit-1-power-point-15-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byMrTimBradley
Sociology unit 1 power point
This document provides an overview of the first unit of a sociology course. It includes: - An introduction to examining social life, including defining sociology and differentiating it from other social sciences. - An outline of the development of sociology from the 17th-19th centuries in Europe in response to industrialization and other social changes. Key early theorists who contributed to the field are identified. - An introduction to the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology - functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism - and how they differ in their levels of analysis. - An overview of how sociological research is conducted scientifically, using methods like surveys, observation, and experiments while following ethical standards
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- 1. First Day ofClass • Attendance • Fire Drill Procedures • Medical Team/Crisis Response Team • Bathroom Sign-out • Syllabus • Assign Books • Questions
- 2. Sociology Unit 1: Foundationsand Research
- 3. Unit 1 Overview UnitEQ: How does sociology view and think about society? You will need to be able to “Do” the following: • Explain origins of sociology • Explain the difference between the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology. • Analyze sociological research through a seven step research process and an ethical perspective.
- 4. You will needto be able to “Understand” the following: • Sociology is a social science that looks at human society. • Social upheaval in Europe during the 1700-1800’s led to the development of the academic discipline of sociology. • Sociology employs three major theoretical perspectives— functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism. • Sociologists use several approaches to conducting research, all sociologists follow a seven step research process, ,and sociologists are bound by ethical guidelines.
- 5. Unit 1 Outline Concept1: Examining Social Life Lesson 1 2 3 Concept 2: The Development of Sociology Concept 3: Modern Perspectives Concept 4: Conducting Sociological Research Lesson 1 2
- 6. Examining Social Life EQ:What is sociology? How does sociology differ from the other social sciences? Vocabulary • • • • • Social sciences Sociology Social interaction Social perspective Social imagination
- 7. Lesson 1: Sociologyand The Social Sciences Brainstorm the following questions: 1) What are social sciences? 2) What is sociology? After directed, discuss and explore using textbook (pg 5)
- 8.
- 9. Sociology and OtherSocial Sciences Compare and Contrast Sociology and the Other Social Sciences using textbook pages 5 & 6. Similarities Anthropology Psychology Economics Political Science History Differences
- 10.
- 11. Lesson 2: SociologicalPerspective Activator: Share Lunch Observations
- 12. Sociological Perspective • Sociologycan help you gain a new perspective on yourself and the world around you. • This new view involves looking at social life in a scientific, systematic way rather than depending on common-sense explanations usually found in the media. • You can look beyond commonly held beliefs to the hidden meanings behind human actions.
- 13. Sociological Perspective Cont. Itcan also be said that “sociological perspective can help you find an acceptable balance between your personal desires and the demands of your social environment.” • Identify one area in your life where you experience this tension. • Write it down and raise your hand when finished.
- 14. Case Study: Tattoos Readwith a Purpose Highlight the following from the article: • Old norms • Reasons given for subgroups to get them (assigned) • Limitations
- 15. Sociological Imagination C. WrightMills described the sociological imagination as… “the capacity to range from the most impersonal and remote [topics] to the most intimate features of the human self—and to see the relations between the two.” 1) What does this mean? 2) Why would Mills think that all good sociologists need to possess this?
- 16. The Development ofSociology EQ: How did sociology develop? Activator: Discuss Key Factors/Events that led to sociology Vocabulary • • • • • Auguste Comte Harriet Martineau Herbert Spencer Social Darwinism Karl Marx • Emile Durkheim • Max Weber • W.E. B. Du Bois
- 17. The Development ofSociology • Using the section The Development of Sociology on p. 9, create a web outlining the major factors that led to sociology becoming a distinct a field. Factors of Development
- 18. Effects of theIndustrial Revolution 1. Farms/cottage industry gives way to large scale production 2. Factories replaced the home 3. Growth of factories resulted in the growth of cities 4. Rapid growth of urban population produced many social problems • Housing shortages • Crime • Pollution • Difficulty adapting to impersonal urban life 5. Political movements (Revolutions)
- 19. Key Contributors toSociology Individuals Auguste Comte Harriet Martineau Herbert Spencer Karl Marx Emile Durkheim Max Weber W.E.B DuBois Key Contributions
- 20. Early European Scholars •Founder of sociology • Coined the term sociology • Scientific method to study social life • Studied social order/change • Established the focus of sociological study- marriage/family, race, education, and religion • Translated Comte’s work • Scholars should advocate for change
- 21. Early European Scholars • • • • • • Adoptedbiological model Society is a set of interdependent parts Influenced by Darwin Social change is a natural occurrence Social ills shouldn’t be corrected Survival of the fittest-Social Darwinism • Society is influenced by economy • Conflict between haves and havenots. (bourgeoisie v. proletariat) • Led to the development of 1 major sociological perspective—Conflict Theory.
- 22.
- 23. American Scholars: JaneAddams 18 Nationalities living in the area $9.44 Average weekly wage for garment workers 12 Hours per day worked by garment workers $1.25 Average daily wage for laborers 17-32 Weeks per year laborers were unemployed $8.47 Average monthly rent Answer the question on pg. 13 in the textbook.
- 24. American Scholars • FirstAfrican American to earn a doctorate at Harvard • First empirical community studies in the U.S. • Helped found the NAACP
- 25. Summarizing Activity • 3Factors that led to the development of sociology • 2 Contributors • 1 Question
- 26. Modern Perspectives EQ: Howdo the three theoretical perspectives differ in terms of their levels of analysis? Vocabulary • • • • • Functional perspective Conflict perspective Interactionist perspective Macrosociology Microsociology
- 27. Functionalist Perspective • AKAStructural Functionalism • Views society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system • Society is held together through consensus • Views the elements of society in terms of their function • • • • Function = positive consequences for society’s stability Dysfunction = negative consequences for society’s stability Manifest function = intended consequence of an element Latent function = unintended consequence of an element
- 28. Conflict Perspective • Focusis on the forces that promote competition and change • Competition over scarce resources is the basis of social conflict • Power/Wealth are in limited supply • Power dynamics between those in control and those who are not. • Once a group obtains power, it uses its power to create a system to keep them in power • men/women, different age groups, or racial groupings • Conflict leads to social change • Topics of interest: family, racial relationships, workplace
- 30. Interactionist Perspective • AKASymbolic Interactionism • Focus is on how individuals interact with one another in society • How do individuals respond to one another? • Interested in the meanings that individuals attach to their own actions and to the actions of others. • Interested in the role that symbols play • Symbol: anything that represents something else. Ex. Words, gestures, events • Ex. American flag, bald eagle, Fourth of July, Uncle Sam • Topics: child development, relationships with small groups and mate selection
- 31. Symbolic Interactionism 1. Symbolicinteraction theory analyzes society by addressing the subjective meanings that people impose on objects, events, and behaviors. 2. Subjective meanings are given priority because it is believe that people behave based on what they believe and not just on what is objectively true. 3. Thus, society is thought to be socially constructed through human interpretation. 4. People interpret one another’s behavior and it is these interpretations that form the social bond. EX. Studies find that teenagers are well informed about the risks of tobacco, but they also think that smoking is cool, that they themselves will be safe from harm, and that smoking projects a positive image to their peers. So, the symbolic meaning of smoking overrides that actual facts regarding smoking and risk.
- 33. Assignment • Locate amedia article on a social issue • Discuss the social issue in terms of Sociological Perspectives. • Articulate how each perspective would view the issue from your article. • Compose a small paragraph for each of the three perspectives.
- 34. Conducting Sociological Research EQ: Howis sociological research conducted? Vocabulary • • • • Scientific method Hypothesis Variable Correlation
- 35. Activator: 1. What roledo scientific methods play in sociology? 2. Steps of the Scientific Method
- 36. Durkheim and theScientific Method Step 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Durkheim Example
- 37.
- 38. Assignment Read: Causation andCorrelation pg. 22-23 1. What is the difference? 2. How are they related to variables?
- 40.
- 41. Summarizing Activity Steps ofthe Scientific Method and Questions Remaining
- 42. Conducting Sociological Research EQ: Howis sociological research conducted? Vocabulary • • • • • • • Scientific method Hypothesis Variable Correlation Survey Sample Historical method • • • • • • Content analysis Participant observation Case study Experiment Statistical analysis Ethics
- 43. Activator: 1. Other thanexperimentation, what other research methods are there? 2. Steps of the Scientific Method
- 44. Methods of SociologicalResearch In pairs, complete the chart below. Use p.24-27 in the textbook. Method Definition Advantages Survey Collect data on attitudes and opinions. (Interviews or Questionnaires) Large amount of information gathered quickly Analysis of Existing Documents Historical: Examining documents from the past. Content: counting the amount of times a idea, word or symbol appears. Observe behavior in actual social setting either from a distance or while involved. Sample needs to be random. Bias of response is a potential problem. Historical: Allows for comparison between time periods and trend study. Content: Inexpensive. Observation Disadvantage Behavior not changed by researcher presence. Experiment Using controlled conditions to gather data Variable can be controlled. Setting may not accurately reflect real life.
- 45. Enrichment Assignment In Pairs,Complete “Conducting Interviews on p. 24
- 46. Ethical Standards • Confidentiality •Deception • Informed Consent