Unit 1--VEHICLE STRUCTURE AND ENGINES
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This document discusses different types of automobiles and their classification. It describes vehicles classified by purpose (passenger, goods), weight (heavy, light, medium), fuel type (petrol, diesel, gas, electric), capacity (heavy transport, light transport), number of wheels (two, four, three, six), and driver seat location (left, right hand drive). It also describes the chassis of vehicles, including its main parts and classifications based on engine fitting and number/driving wheels. Aerodynamic forces on vehicles like drag, lift, and crosswind forces are explained.
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Unit 1--VEHICLE STRUCTURE AND ENGINES
This document discusses different types of automobiles and their characteristics. It describes vehicles based on their purpose, weight, fuel used, capacity, number of wheels, and driver seat location. Vehicle types include passenger vehicles, goods carriers, heavy/light/medium weight vehicles running on petrol, diesel, gas or electric. Vehicles also vary based on the number of wheels from two to six. The document then discusses the chassis of vehicles, including its frame, wheels, axle, yoke, body and different classifications based on engine fitting and number of wheels. It lists characteristics of a good chassis and its main components. Finally, it covers vehicle aerodynamics and the different aerodynamic forces acting on a vehicle.
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This document discusses different types of automobiles and their characteristics. It describes vehicles based on their purpose, weight, fuel used, capacity, number of wheels, and driver seat location. Vehicle types include passenger vehicles, goods carriers, heavy/light/medium weight vehicles running on petrol, diesel, gas or electric. Vehicles also vary based on the number of wheels from two to six. The document then discusses the chassis of vehicles, including its frame, wheels, axle, yoke, body and different classifications based on engine fitting and number of wheels. It lists characteristics of a good chassis and its main components. Finally, it covers vehicle aerodynamics and the different aerodynamic forces acting on a vehicle.
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This document discusses different types of automobiles classified based on purpose, weight, fuel used, capacity, number of wheels, and driver seat location. It describes the key parts of a bullock cart including the frame, wheels/axle, yoke, body/superstructure, and how they are divided. Vehicle chassis are classified based on engine fitting location and number/driving wheels. Desirable chassis characteristics and components such as the frame, suspension, steering, braking, engine, and drivetrain are outlined. Finally, the aerodynamic forces acting on vehicles and their causes including drag, lift, and crosswinds are summarized.
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This document discusses different types of automobiles classified based on purpose, weight, fuel used, capacity, number of wheels, and driver seat location. It describes the key parts of a bullock cart including the frame, wheels/axle, yoke, body/superstructure, and how they are divided. Vehicle chassis are classified based on engine fitting location and number/driving wheels. Desirable chassis characteristics and components such as the frame, suspension, steering, braking and powertrain systems are outlined. Finally, the aerodynamic forces acting on vehicles and their causes are summarized.
Unit i VEHICLE STRUCTURE AND ENGINES
This document discusses different types of automobiles classified based on purpose, weight, fuel used, capacity, number of wheels, and driver seat location. It describes the key parts of a bullock cart including the frame, wheels/axle, yoke, body/superstructure, and how they are divided. Vehicle chassis are classified based on engine fitting location and number/driving wheels. Desirable chassis characteristics and components such as the frame, suspension, steering, braking, engine, and drivetrain are outlined. Finally, the aerodynamic forces acting on vehicles and their causes including drag, lift, and crosswinds are summarized.
Unit i
This document discusses different types of automobiles classified based on purpose, weight, fuel used, capacity, number of wheels, and driver seat location. It describes the key parts of a bullock cart including the frame, wheels/axle, yoke, body/superstructure, and how they are divided. Vehicle chassis are classified based on engine fitting location and number/driving wheels. Desirable chassis characteristics and components such as the frame, suspension, steering, braking and powertrain systems are outlined. Finally, the aerodynamic forces acting on vehicles and their causes are summarized.
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This document discusses vehicle structure and engines. It begins by describing different types of automobiles based on purpose, weight, fuel used, passenger capacity, number of wheels, and driver seat location. It then covers vehicle construction, including chassis classification based on engine location and number of wheels. Frame construction and materials are explained. The components of an automobile engine are defined, including the cylinder block, cylinder liners, piston, connecting rod, piston rings, crankshaft, camshaft, and valves. The document concludes by classifying internal combustion engines and discussing valve timing and variable valve timing.
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The document discusses the key components of an automobile, including the basic structure, power unit, transmission system, auxiliaries, controls, and superstructure. It describes the frame, suspension system, axles, wheels, and tires that make up the basic structure. It then explains the different systems that transmit power from the engine to the wheels, including the transmission, drivetrain, clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, and differential. Finally, it briefly touches on the different body styles of automobiles like sedans, hatchbacks, coupes, convertibles, and station wagons.
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This document provides an overview of vehicle body engineering, including:
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This document discusses different types of automobiles classified based on purpose, weight, fuel used, capacity, number of wheels, and driver seat location. It describes the key parts of a bullock cart including the frame, wheels/axle, yoke, body/superstructure, and how they are divided. Vehicle chassis are classified based on engine fitting location and number/driving wheels. Desirable chassis characteristics and components such as the frame, suspension, steering, braking, engine, and drivetrain are outlined. Finally, the aerodynamic forces acting on vehicles and their causes including drag, lift, and crosswinds are summarized.
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This document discusses different types of automobiles classified based on purpose, weight, fuel used, capacity, number of wheels, and driver seat location. It describes the key parts of a bullock cart including the frame, wheels/axle, yoke, body/superstructure, and how they are divided. Vehicle chassis are classified based on engine fitting location and number/driving wheels. Desirable chassis characteristics and components such as the frame, suspension, steering, braking and powertrain systems are outlined. Finally, the aerodynamic forces acting on vehicles and their causes are summarized.
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This document discusses different types of automobiles classified based on purpose, weight, fuel used, capacity, number of wheels, and driver seat location. It describes the key parts of a bullock cart including the frame, wheels/axle, yoke, body/superstructure, and how they are divided. Vehicle chassis are classified based on engine fitting location and number/driving wheels. Desirable chassis characteristics and components such as the frame, suspension, steering, braking, engine, and drivetrain are outlined. Finally, the aerodynamic forces acting on vehicles and their causes including drag, lift, and crosswinds are summarized.
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The document provides information on the basic fundamentals of automobiles. It defines an automobile as a vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine that is used for transporting passengers and goods on ground. Automobiles can be classified based on load, number of wheels, fuel used, body, and body style. The key systems of an automobile include the power train system, running system, and comfort system. The power train system includes the engine, fuel system, intake system, exhaust system, cooling system, drive line, clutch, gearbox and other components. The document then provides details on various engine parameters, components, and support systems like the fuel system.
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UNIT-1-VEHICLE STRUCTURE AND ENGINES.ppt
VEHICLE STRUCTURE AND ENGINES
Types of automobiles, vehicle construction and different layouts, chassis, frame and body, resistances to vehicle aerodynamics (various resistances and moments involved), IC engines-components functions and materials, variable valve timing (VVT).
UNIT-1-VEHICLE STRUCTURE AND ENGINES.ppt
Types of automobiles – vehicle construction and different layouts – chassis, frame and body – resistances to vehicle aerodynamics (various resistances and moments involved) – IC engines - components, functions and materials – Variable Valve Timing (VVT).
Layout
The document provides an overview of the key components and systems of an automobile, including:
1. The basic structure or chassis, which includes the frame, suspension system, axles, wheels, and tires.
2. The power unit or engine, which can be gasoline or diesel powered.
3. The transmission system, which includes the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, and differential to transfer power from the engine to the wheels.
4. Additional systems like the controls, steering, and brakes.
It also discusses different suspension types, wheel types, body styles of cars, and classifications of automobiles.
Layout
The document provides an overview of the key components and systems of an automobile, including:
- The basic structure or chassis, which includes the frame, suspension system, axles, wheels, and tires.
- The power unit, typically an internal combustion engine.
- The transmission system, which includes the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, and differential.
- Auxiliary components like the controls and superstructure that are mounted on the chassis.
It also discusses different suspension types, powertrain configurations like front-engine rear-wheel drive, and ways that automobiles can be classified.
Layout
The document provides an overview of the key components of an automobile, including the basic structure (chassis), power unit (engine), transmission system, and body styles. It describes the frame, suspension system, axles, and wheels that make up the chassis. It then explains the different types of engines, transmissions, and drive configurations (front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, four-wheel drive). Finally, it outlines the various classifications and body styles of automobiles, such as sedan, hatchback, coupe, convertible, estate, and station wagon.
Automobile
An automobile is a motor vehicle used for transportation that runs on roads. Most have seating for 1-8 people and four wheels. Automobiles have various controls for driving, safety, and passenger comfort. Over time, additional features like backup cameras and entertainment systems have been added. Electric vehicles are becoming more commercially available. While automobiles provide transportation benefits, they also have societal costs like road maintenance and pollution. There are over 1 billion vehicles globally. Automobiles can be classified by purpose, size, fuel source, transmission, wheels, and side of driver seat placement. Key components include the frame, engine, transmission, controls, and accessories. Braking and four-wheel drive systems are important safety systems.
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M.tech 1st sem automobile that useful for development
M.tech 1st sem automobile that useful for development
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Factory Cost:
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Production Cost:
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◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
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原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
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Unit 1--VEHICLE STRUCTURE AND ENGINES
- 1. UNIT I VEHICLE STRUCTURE AND ENGINES
- 2. TYPES OF AUTOMOBILES • (i) with respect to the purpose • (a) Passenger vehicles. Ex. Car, bus, jeep, scooter, mopeds and motor cycles • (b) Goods carriers: ex. Trucks and lorries • (ii) weight of the vehicles: • - Heavy weight vehicle- buses, trucks and trailers • - Light weight vehicles - cars, jeeps • - Medium weigh vehicles – minibus and station wagon • (iii) With respect to the fuel: • - Petrol vehicles – scooters, cars motors cycles • - Diesel vehicles - Buses , trucks • Gas vehicles – Coal gas, LPG, CNG vehicles • Electric vehicle – Heavy cranes, battery truck, cars and fork lifts • Solar vehicles.
- 3. (iv) with respect to capacity: • Heavy transport vehicles – Bus lorries, trucks, tractors • Light transport vehicles _ Car, scooter, mopeds, motor cycles, jeeps (v) with respect to number of wheels: • Two wheelers – Scooters, mopeds • Four wheelers – car, jeep, buses, truckes • Three wheelers – Auto, tempos • Six wheelers - heavy trucks (vi) With respect to side of driver seat • - Left hand drive- American, European and UAE • -Right hand drive – Indian vehicles
- 4. CHASIS OF BULLOCK CART • Bullock cart consists of • (i) Frame (ii) wheels & axle • (iii) Yoke (iv) Body or superstructure and platform • These pars can be divided into two main portions • (i) Machine portion (ii)carriage portion
- 6. • Classification of chassis: According to the fitting of engine: - Full-forward – ex cars, mahindra jeeps -semi- forward – Tata Se series of vehicles - Bus chassis – Busses and trucks - Engine at back- Volkswagen cars, Leyland bus of England. - Engine at centre- Royal tiger world master buses of Delhi transport. According to the number of wheels fitted in the vehicles and number of driving wheels:
- 7. Characteristics of a good chassis: • Fast pickup, strength, safety, durability, dependability, ease of control, quietness, speed, power accessibility, economy of operation low centre of gravity stability load clearance, braking ability, simplicity of lubrication. • Chassis Components: Frame, suspension systems • steering system, braking system, internal combustion engine, clutch, gear box , propeller shaft, universal joint ,differential, springs
- 12. • VEHICLE AERODYNAMICS: • Resistance to vehicle motion: • 1.Air resistance or aerodynamic drag: • A vehicle travelling at a particular speed in air encounters a force resisting its motion. • A) Size of the vehicle (b) shape of the vehicle • C) Speed of the vehicle (d) wind velocity • 2. Gradient resistance: componentof the vehicle weight which is parallel to the plane of the road. • 3. Rolling resistance: of tyres on hard surfaces is due to hysteresis in the tyre material. Tyre rolling resistance Road rolling resistance Resistance due to tyre slip angle Resistance due to bearing friction and residual braking
- 13. Aerodynamics of Automobile body: • Various aerodynamic force acting on the vehicle. • (i) Drag force (Fx): Force of air drag is acting in the direction of vehicle motion with the wind acting along the longitudinal direction axis. • The main causes (i) shape drag (ii)Skin friction drag. • (ii) Lift force(Fz):Aerodynamics lift force is the vertical component of the resultant force caused by the pressure distribution on the body. • (iii) Cross wind force (Fy):It is acting in the lateral direction on the side of the vehicle. • These forces acting at the centre of pressure instead of centre of gravity & various cause of moments
- 14. • (i)Pitching moment (My): is caused by the drag force Fx or lift force Fz about Y axis. This moment makes the rear wheels lift off from the ground and further it reduces the available traction. • (ii) Yawing moment(Mz): Cross wind force Fy about Z axis • (iii) Rolling moment(Mx): Cross wind force Fy about X axis •