health and disease for the health sciences

1. Concept of Health

3. Definition ofhealth
TheWorld Health Organization (WHO)
defines “Health is a state of complete
physical, mental and social well being
and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity”.

4. DEFINITIONS OFHEALTH
“The condition of being sound in body, mind
or spirit especially freedom from physical
disease or pain.” -Webster
“Soundness of body or mind that
condition in which its are dulyand
efficiently discharged .” - OxfordEnglish
Dictionary

5. ”
The soundness of body and mind is called Health.
A healthy person is one who is physically
and mentally fit in all respects.
Good health makes a man happy and
cheerful but some-times a healthy person
can also fall ill.
Person may get diseases like Viral fever,
Malaria etc.
The illness(or sickness) is called disease.

6. Characteristics of good health.
• The person has capability to do work.
• The person feels himself efficient to
take decisions and work accordingly .
• The person remains in sound mental
condition.
• The person remain free from any
disease.
• The person does not suffer from mental
tension.

7. Requirements of good health
We all know that , Good health essential for
Leading purposeful life.
For maintaning a good health
following conditions are essential.
1. Nutrition
2. Exercise and rest
3. Good habits

8. Nutrition
Nutritive materials provide energy to work.
A man should take care of following factors
for maintaining his good health:-
1. Taking rest in time.
2. Eating balanced diet.
3. Should take bath daily.
4. Food should be fresh. etc

9. Factors affecting Health:-
1. Social and economic factors
2. Environmental factors
3. Personal factors
4. Hereditary factors

10. Social and economic factors
There are many social factors which affects our
health.
For example,superstition,religious and social
beliefs etc.
In absence of proper treatment and care, effect
of disease can make the patient serious.

11. Environmental factors
The environment in which a man lives,
can also affect his health.
Environmental factors may be further
divided into two parts:-
(a) Internal factors
(b) External factors

12. Personal factors
Some personal factors also affects our health.
Ex- eating and sleeping, tension, refrain from
taking regular exercise etc.can make a healthy
person ill.

13. Hereditary factors
Some diseases like colorblindness,haemophilia
Diabetes etc.transfer from one generation to
other Generation, these situations called
hereditary-factors.

14. Dimensions of Health
Physical
Mental
Social
Spiritual
Emotional
Vocational
Political

15. Physical Health
It means adequate body weight, height and
circumference as per age and sex with
acceptable level of vision, hearing,
locomotion or movements, acceptable levels
of pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory
rate,chest circumference, head
circumference, waist hip ratio.

16. It means The body structure and functions
confirming to laid down standards within the
range of normal development and functions of
all the systems.

17. A good complexion
Clean skin
bright eyes
lustrous hairs
body with firm flush
not too fat
Sweet breath
Sign of physical health

18.  Good appetite
Sound sleep
Regular activity of bowel and bladder
Smooth easily coordinated bodily
movements
All organs of normal size and functioning
normally
Pulse rate, BP exercise tolerance within
normal ranges
Signs of physical health

19. Self assessment of overall health
Inquiry into symptom of ill health risk
factors
Inquiry into Medication
Inquiry into Fitness
Inquiry into Medical services
Clinical examination
Nutrition & dietary assessment
Evaluation of physical health

20. Mental health is not mere absence of mental
illness
Ability to respond to varied experiences of life
“ a state of balance between the individual and
surrounding world, a state of harmony between
oneself and others coexistencebetween the
relatives of the self andthat of other people and
that of the environment”.
Mental Health

21. A mentally normal person has the ability to
mix up with others, he/she makes friendship,
behaves in a balanced manner, keeps himself
tidy and observes adequate personal hygiene,
well oriented to time, place and person and
environments and he is unduly not suspicious of
others.

22. Characteristics of Mentally healthy person :
 Free from internal conflicts
Well adjusted
Searches for identity
Strong sense of self-esteem
Knows himself, his needs, problems and goals
Good self control
Coping with stress and anxiety
Mental well being

23. It means ability of a person to adjust with
others in his social life, at home, at work
place and with people. Men interact with
men and they inter-relate and inter
depend on each other and pay their
effective role in accordance with a
situation.
Social Health

24. Harmony and integration a) within the
individual b) between each individual and
other members of the society c) between
individuals and world in which they live
Definition :- Quantity and quality of an
individual’s interpersonal ties and the
extent of involvement with the community
Social Dimension

25. Possession of social skills,
 social functioning
Ability to see oneself as a member of
community
 Focuses on social and economic
conditions
Characteristic of social health

26. Spiritual health is connected with religious beliefs
and practices. It also deals withpersonal creeds,
principles of behavior and waysof achieving peace
of mind and being at peacewith oneself.
Itis intangible “something” that transcends
physiology and psychology.
It includes integrity, principle and ethics, the
purpose of life, commitment to some higher
being, belief in the concepts that are not
subject to “state of art” explanation.
Spiritual Health

27. The emotional dimension of wellness
emphasizes an awareness and acceptance of
one's feelings
Emotional Dimension

28. Work – fully adapted to human goals,
capacities and limitations
Work often plays a role in promoting both
physical and mental health
Sudden loss of Job / after Retirement
Vocational Dimension :

29. Philosophical
Cultural
Socioeconomic
Environmental
Educational nutritional
Curative dimension
Preventive dimension
Other dimension

30. Concept OfHealth
• An understanding of health is the basis of all
the health care.
• Health is not perceived the same way by all
the members of a community including
various professional groups (likebiomedical
scientists, social scientists, health
administrators, ecologists) giving rise to
confusion about the concept ofhealth.

31. • Health has evolved over the centuries from the
concept of individual concern to a worldwide
social goal.
• The variouschanging concepts of health as
follows:
1.Biomedical concept
2.Ecological concept
3.Psychosocial concept
4.Holistic concept

32. 1. Biomedicalconcept
• Traditionally health has been considered as an
absence of the diseases and if someone was
free from disease, then that person was
considered healthy.
• This concept is known as biomedical concept,
and it is based on the “germ theoryof the
disease.”

33. • Health means “absence ofdisease.”
• The medical profession viewed the human body
as a machine and disease is an outcome of the
breakdown of the machine, and one of the
doctor’s tasks was to repair the machine.
• This concept has minimized the role of the
environment, social and cultural determinantsof
the health.

34. • Developments in medical and socialsciences
led to the conclusion that the biomedical
concept of health wasinadequate

35. 2. Ecological Concept
• Deficiencies in the biomedical concept gaverise
to other concepts.
• The ecologists put forward theconcept of
ecological concept.
• Ecologists viewed health as a dynamic equilibrium
between man and his environment, and the
disease as a maladjustment of the human
organism toenvironment.

36. 3. Psychosocial Concept
•Advances in social sciences showed that health is
not only a biomedical phenomenon, but one which
is influenced by social, psychological, cultural,
economic and political factors of the people
concerned.
•These factors must be taken into consideration in
defining and measuringhealth.
•Thus health is both a biological and social
phenomenon

37. 4. Holistic Concept
• The holistic model is a synthesis of all the above
concepts.
•Holistic concept recognizes the strength of
social, economic, political and environmental
influences on health.
•It has been variously described as
multidimensional process involving thewellbeing
of the person asa whole.
•The emphasis is on the promotion and
protection of health.

38. • The holistic approach implies that all sectors of
the society have an effect on health, in particular
,
agriculture, animal husbandry, food, industry,
education, housing, public works and other
sectors.