Biostatistics broadly deals with statistical applications in the context of biological problems, including medicine, pharmacy, and public health. Government organizations, research institutes and industry have been extensively using statistics and biostatistics
Organization and objectives of ICH, expedited reporting, ICSR, PSURs, post approval expedited reporting, pharmacovigilance Planning, good clinical practices
The NDA application is the vehicle through which drug sponsors, such as biotech and pharmaceutical companies, formally propose that the FDA approve a new pharmaceutical for sale and marketing
Introduction to Research - Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem Uni...Himanshu Sharma
This slide contains B.Pharm Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem. Unit-3 L2 topic- "Introduction to Research"
It contains topics:
1. Introduction to Research
2. Need for Research
3. Need for Design Experiments
4. Experimental Design Techniques
5. Plagiarism
Graphs(Biostatistics and Research Methodology) B.pharmacy(8th sem.)Pranjal Saxena
This slides contains the description about the Graphs(Histograms, Pie-Chart, Cubic Graph, Response surface Plot, Counter surface plot ) mainly Histograms with advantages, disadvantages and examples, Pie-chart with advantages, disadvantages and examples, Cubic Graph with examples, Response surface plot and Counter plot with examples and uses.
Organization and objectives of ICH, expedited reporting, ICSR, PSURs, post approval expedited reporting, pharmacovigilance Planning, good clinical practices
The NDA application is the vehicle through which drug sponsors, such as biotech and pharmaceutical companies, formally propose that the FDA approve a new pharmaceutical for sale and marketing
Introduction to Research - Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem Uni...Himanshu Sharma
This slide contains B.Pharm Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem. Unit-3 L2 topic- "Introduction to Research"
It contains topics:
1. Introduction to Research
2. Need for Research
3. Need for Design Experiments
4. Experimental Design Techniques
5. Plagiarism
Graphs(Biostatistics and Research Methodology) B.pharmacy(8th sem.)Pranjal Saxena
This slides contains the description about the Graphs(Histograms, Pie-Chart, Cubic Graph, Response surface Plot, Counter surface plot ) mainly Histograms with advantages, disadvantages and examples, Pie-chart with advantages, disadvantages and examples, Cubic Graph with examples, Response surface plot and Counter plot with examples and uses.
The Investigator's Brochure (IB) is a comprehensive document summarizing the body of information about an investigational product (IB) obtained during a drug trial.
Applications of statistics in medical Research and HealthrMuhammadNafees42
This will help you to understand the applications of basic statistics.The application of stat in medical health and research.
#nafeesupdates
#nafeesmedicos
The Investigator's Brochure (IB) is a comprehensive document summarizing the body of information about an investigational product (IB) obtained during a drug trial.
Applications of statistics in medical Research and HealthrMuhammadNafees42
This will help you to understand the applications of basic statistics.The application of stat in medical health and research.
#nafeesupdates
#nafeesmedicos
Introduction to Premarketing Phase
Limitation of Premarketing Phase and Importance of Phase IV period
Definition of DUS
History of DUS
Objectives of DUS
Types of Drug Use Information
Drug Utilization Cycle
Discovery of Drug and Introduction to Clinical Trial_Katalyst HLSKatalyst HLS
Introduction to Discovery of Drug and Introduction to Clinical Trials in Pharmaceuticals, Bio-Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices, Cosmeceuticals and Foods.
The basic metabolic defect in type 2 DM is either a delayed insulin secretion relative to glucose load (impaired insulin secretion), or the peripheral tissues are unable to respond to insulin (insulin resistance).
Diagnostic tests for GI disorders- include physical evaluation, blood tests, imaging techniques. Learn the methods of diagnosis in detail, for gastrointestinal disorders.
Anatomy & Physiology of GIT: It covers Organs of the Digestive system, Structure of the Alimentary canal, Mouth, Salivary glands, Pharynx, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine, Rectum & Anal canal, Pancreas, Liver, Biliary tract
Rheumatoid arthritis- diagnosis and treatment pharmacampus
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect more than just your joints. The condition can damage various body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels.
ACE inhibitors block the angiotensin-converting enzyme found throughout vascular tissue that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Let us know how do ACE Inhibitors work?
Bioavailability studies are designed to determine either an absolute BA or relative BA.
They can be used to compare different routes of administration.
Methods for Measurement of bioavailability pharmacampus
Which are the Methods for Measurement of bioavailability?- Pharmacokinetic method- Plasma level time studies, Urinary excretion studies.
Pharmacodynamic method: Acute pharmacologic response, Therapeutic response.
Which are the Factors affecting bioavailability?pharmacampus
Factors affecting bioavailability: The dosage form factors, food effects, cellular structure, pH environment, GI transit time, physiology-related factors, etc.
Bio-equivalence study of drugs: Let us know the Biopharmaceutical Classification System, why do we require a Bioequivalence study, and regulatory requirements.
Introduction to Bio-availability study pharmacampus
Bioavailability studies are done in clinical, academic, and regulatory interest. Objectives could be developing a new drug entity, Determination of the influence of Excipients, Patient-related factors.
Introduction to indian pharma industriespharmacampus
Introduction to Indian Pharma Industries: this highlights leading pharma producers, details of exports of medicines, growth statistics, and high potential generic market.
Growth drivers in Indian Pharma Industry pharmacampus
Indian pharma industry growth is driven by Supply Side Drivers, demand-side drivers, and government policy support.
References:
https://www.ibef.org/industry/pharmaceutical-india.aspx
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
2. Introduction:
• Biostatistics is that branch of statistics which
deals with problems in biological sciences.
• Biostatistics broadly deals with statistical
applications in the context of biological
problems including medicine, pharmacy and
public health.
• Biostatistics is developed during the period of
Sir Francis Galton (1822-1910) who is known
as father of biometry.
3. Applications of Biostatistics in Pharmacy
Biostatistics
applications
Quality controland quality
assurance of drugs
Birth rates, death rates, populationgrowth rates, infant
mortality rate, gross reproductionrate, age specific fertility,
life expectancy
Crop variations and soil fertility
Drug discovery and development process, design
of new drug delivery systems
Design of experiments (DOE), methods
to reduce experimental error
4. Applications of Biostatistics in Pharmacy
1. Biostatistics has been applied to a wide
variety of problems in pharmacy, medicine
and other health sciences.
5. Applications of Biostatistics in Pharmacy
2. Government organizations, research institutes
and industry have been extensively using
statistics and biostatistics.
• The census wing of the government
extensively uses biostatistics in the analysis of
data.
• In the interpretation of population
characteristics such as birth rates, death rates,
population growth rates, infant mortality rate,
gross reproduction rate, age specific fertility,
life expectancy etc.
6. Applications of Biostatistics in Pharmacy
3. Agricultural scientists depend on design of
experiments and analysis of variance in the study of
crop variations and soil fertility.
7. Applications of Biostatistics in Pharmacy
4. Biostatistics provides a lot of input to the research
institutes such as Indian Institute of Chemical
Technology (IICT), Central Drug Research Institute
(CDRI), Indian Council of Medical Research
(ICMR), Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(ICAR) and others.
For example, the study of growth and trends in the
incidence of various diseases, growth and spread of
various organs causing cancer etc. helps the scientist
in the invention of new treatments and new drugs.
8. Applications of Biostatistics in Pharmacy
5. Pharmaceutical industry makes use of
biostatistics in Drug discovery and development
process, design of new drug delivery systems and
formulation development, testing hypothesis in
developing new drugs, formulations and for
assessing the effectiveness of a drug in curing a
disease.
9. Applications of Biostatistics in Pharmacy
6. The pharmaceutical industry also
uses the tools of statistical control, and
theory of sampling for quality control
and quality assurance of drugs and
pharmaceuticals.
10. Specific Applications of Biostatistics
in Pharmacy Research
(i) Provides methods of data collection and presentation
and analysis of results for better understanding and for
drawing valid conclusions.
(ii) During the stage of planning the experiments, design
of experiments (DOE) provides inputs for planning
experiments to get the relevant information.
(iii) Provide methods to reduce experimental error in the
investigation
(iv) Provide methods to estimate sample size (n) or
replication needed for the given accuracy in the results
11. Specific Applications of Biostatistics
in Pharmacy Research
(v) Provides standard designs and methods of analysis suitable
for various experimental and observational studies.
(vi) Provides a variety of “tests of significance” to test the
significance of the observed results and to make comparisons.
(vii) Provides methods of analysis of bivariate population and
to evaluate the correlation between two variables.
(viii) Provides methods of regression and multiple regression
for establishing mathematical relationship between two or
more variables.
12. Specific Applications of Biostatistics
in Pharmacy Research
(ix) Provides methods of Probit Analysis
(method of analyzing the relationship between a
stimulus- dose and the quantal- all or nothing
response) for estimating LD50 and ED50 of new
drug substances.
(x) Provides statistical optimization techniques
for drug development, formulation development
and analytical method development.
