The document discusses several components of a computer including RAM, hard drives, power supplies, CPUs, and motherboards. RAM is used for short-term memory storage and comes in various sizes. Hard drives are used for long-term storage of data and programs, and can connect via SATA cables. Power supplies convert AC to DC power and supply the right amount of power to components. CPUs carry out instructions and are measured in hertz/megahertz. Motherboards connect all hardware components and are essential for a computer to function.