7. Data Cable
• A data cable is a cable that provides
communication between devices
• Ex : VGA, DVI, HDMI - connects
monitor to a computer and allow it to
display a picture on the monitor
• Ex : CAT5, SATA, USB, PS/2
8. Power Cable
• A power cable is any cable that powers
the device.
• Ex : Power cord, Molex
11. POWER SUPPLIES
• Computer power supply is the electric source of all
components of a computer.
• The function of power unit is to convert the electrical power
(AC) comes from wall socket to a suitable type and voltage
(DC) so that each component of a computer works properly.
• The power supply receives 120V or 230V and converts into
3.3V, 5.5V and 12V. Why different converted power?
12. Choosing Computer Power
Supply
• Usually, power units comes with a case.
• Power supplies available on the market
have different size and shape that will fit
into a particular type of computer case.
• There are different power supply form
factors, but ATX and LPX are the popular
types found in most systems.
13. Types of Power Supply
• There are 3 types of power supply in
common use:
• AT Power Supply - used in very old PCs.
• ATX Power Supply - still used in some
PCs.
• ATX-2 Power Supply - commonly in use
today.
14. The power supply connectors
4 Pin Berg Connector
Used to connect the PSU to small
form factor devices, such as
3.5" floppy drives.
available in: AT, ATX & ATX-2
4 Pin Molex Connector
This is used to power various
components, including hard drives
and optical drives.
available in: AT, ATX & ATX-2
15. The power supply connectors
20 Pin Molex ATX Power
Connector
This is used to power
the motherboard in ATX systems.
available in: ATX( ATX-2 have four
extra pins)
4 Pin Molex P4 12V Power
Connector
Used specifically for Pentium 4
Processor Motherboards.
available in: ATX (integrated into the
power connector in ATX-2)
6 Pin AUX Connector
Provides +5V DC, and two
connections of +3.3V.
available in: ATX/ATX-2
16. Grouping Task
• In a group of 5, find the figure of personal
computer ports, named it and the
appropriate cable for each port.
• Explain the features and function of each
ports and cables.
18. HOW COMPUTER HANDLES
INFORMATION
STORAGE
Is used to convey
the information
generated by a computer
to a user.
INPUT OUTPUT
PROCESSOR
Allows a user
to enter
data and commands
into the memory
of a computer.
is used to record
and retrieve
data, instructions,
data information
to and from
a storage medium.
Is the electronic device
that interprets and carries
out the instructions
that operate the computer.
19. Data Representation
• How is a letter converted to binary form
and back?
Step 1.
The user presses
the capital letter D
(shift+D key) on
the keyboard.
Step 2.
An electronic signal for the
capital letter D is sent to the
system unit.
Step 3.
The signal for the capital letter D
is converted to its ASCII binary
code (01000100) and is stored in
memory for processing.
Step 4.
After processing, the binary
code for the capital letter D is
converted to an image, and
displayed on the output device.
21. • 1.1.1 Identify Cases And Power Supplies
a) Cases
b) Power Supplies
1.1 UNDERSTAND THE PERSONAL
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
22. CASES
Meaning:
• The computer case serves mainly as a way to physically mount and
contain all of the actual components inside of a computer.
• The computer case is also known as a tower, box, housing, chassis,
and cabinet
• Computer cases come in two main configurations - desktop or
tower.
• Towers - the more prevalent - come in three sizes - mini tower, mid
tower or full tower.
23. CASES
Desktop cases
Mini Tower Cases Mid Tower Cases Full Tower Cases
• Better for Watercooling
• Better for Airflow
• Better for More Hardware
• Use for =
Home servers, DAW, video editing
Use for= Workstations, gaming PC
24. i. Voltage (V) is a measure of the force required to push electrons
through a circuit. Voltage is measured in volts. A computer power
supply usually produces several different voltages.
ii. Current (I) is a measure of the amount of electrons going through
a circuit. Current is measured in amperes, or amps (A). Computer
power supplies deliver different amperages for each output
voltage.
iii. Power (P) is voltage multiplied by current. The measurement is
called watts (W). Computer power supplies are rated in watts.
iv. Resistance (R) is the opposition to the flow of current in a circuit.
Resistance is measured in ohms. Lower resistance allows more
current to flow through a circuit.
Four Basic Units of Electricity
25. • There is a basic equation that expresses
how three of the terms relate to each
other. It states that voltage is equal to the
current multiplied by the resistance. This is
known as Ohm's Law. V = IR
• In an electrical system, power (P) is equal
to the voltage multiplied by the current. P =
VI
Ohm’s Law
26. 1.1.2 Internal Components
a) Motherboards
b) CPUs
c) Cooling Systems
d) ROM
e) RAM
f) Memory modules
g) Adapter Cards And Expansion Slots
h) Storage Drives And RAID
i) Internal Cables
1.1 UNDERSTAND THE PERSONAL
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
27. • The motherboard is the main printed circuit board.
• Contains the buses, or electrical pathways found in a
computer. Buses allow data to travel among the various
components.
• Accommodates CPU, RAM, expansion slots, heat
sink/fan assembly, BIOS chip, chip set, sockets, internal
and external connectors, various ports, and the
embedded wires that interconnect the motherboard
components
Motherboards
28. • The form factor of motherboards pertains to the size and
shape of the board.
• It also describes the physical layout of the different
components and devices on the motherboard.
• Various form factors exist for motherboards.
i. AT – Advanced Technology
ii. ATX – Advanced Technology Extended
iii. Mini-ATX – Smaller footprint of ATX
iv. Micro-ATX – Smaller footprint of ATX
v. LPX – Low-profile Extended
vi. NLX – New Low-profile Extended
vii. BTX – Balanced Technology Extended
Motherboard Form Factors
33. • The CPU is known as the brain of the
computer. It is also referred to as the
processor.
• The CPU executes a program, which is a
sequence of stored instructions.
• Two major CPU architectures related to
instruction sets:
i. Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)
ii. Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
34. • Some CPUs incorporate hyperthreading to enhance the performance of the CPU.
• The amount of data that a CPU can process at the one time depends on the size of the
processor data bus.
• Overclocking is a technique used to make a processor work at a faster speed than its
original specification.
• MMX is a set of multimedia instructions built into Intel processors.
• The latest processor technology has resulted in CPU manufacturers finding ways to
incorporate more than one CPU core onto a single chip.
– Dual core CPU,
– Triple Core CPU
– Quad Core CPU
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
(CPU)
35. Cooling Systems
• Computer cooling is required to remove
the waste heat produced by computer
components, to keep components within
permissible operating temperature limits.
36. Cooling Systems
Cooling Solutions
1) A heat sink is a passive cooling system that cools
a component by dissipating heat. Prevent Your
PC From Overheating
2) The thermal compound fills any air gaps between
the heat-producing component and the heat sink
allowing more efficient transfer of heat.
37. Cooling Systems
Cooling Solutions
3) Fans force air to move, so the hot air is blown away
from heat-generating components and expelled from
the desktop or laptop PC‘s case
4) Water cooling involves a pump that pumps water
through tubes that travel throughout your PC’s case.
The cool water in the tubes absorb heat as it moves
through your case.
38. ROM (Read Only Memory)
• Hold permanent data and data will not lost
when electrical power is turned off.
• Normal operation – data can only be read
from it. No new data can be written on it.
39. RAM (Random Access Memory)
• Contents of RAM will be read or write
many times as computer executes
program.
• It require fast read and write cycle times
so it will not slow down the operation.
• Disadvantages – volatile (lose data when
power off).
40. i. Dynamic RAM (DRAM
ii. Static RAM (SRAM)
iii. Fast Page Mode (FPM)
iv. Extended Data Out (EDO)
v. Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)
vi. Double Data Rate (DDR)
vii. Double Data Rate 2 (DDR2)
viii.RAMBus DRAM (RDRAM)
Types of RAM
41. Memory Modules
Primary Memory Secondary Memory
As internal memory. Called mass storage with massive
amount of data without the need of
electrical power.
Communicate constantly with
process
Operates at slower speed, stores
program and data that are not
currently being used by CPU.
Typical secondary memory – floppy
disk, CD-ROM, magnetic disk,
magnetic tape
42. Memory Modules
Below is an image of a 512MB Dual in-line Memory Module (DIMM) computer
memory module
Single In-line Memory Module, SIMM.
Today, the SIMM is rarely used and have been replaced by DIMMs.
43. Adapter Cards
• An adapter card is any internal expansion card that
allows the computer to communicate with
another peripheral such as a monitor.
• For example, the video card is an adapter card.
PCI Sound Adapter Card Multimedia Adapter Card
44. Expansion Slots
• An expansion slot is connection or port located inside
a computer on the motherboard or riser board that allows
a computer hardware expansion card to be connected.
• For example, if you wanted to install a new video card in
the computer, you'd purchase a video expansion card
and install that card into the compatible expansion slot.
45. Expansion Slots
Computer expansion slots
• AGP - Video card
• AMR - Modem, Sound card
• CNR - Modem, Network card, Sound card
• EISA - SCSI, Network card, Video card
• ISA - Network card, Sound card, Video card
• PCI - Network card, SCSI, Sound card, Video card
• PCI Express - Video card, Modem, Sound Card, Network Card
• VESA - Video card
48. RAM
• Static RAM (SRAM)
• Is used for cache memory, does not need
to be refreshed to retain information
• Faster than Dynamic RAM
• More expensive
49. RAM
• Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
• Used on single and dual in-line memory
modules (SIMMs dan DIMMs)
• Need to be refreshed
• Replaced with Synchronous DRAM
(SDRAM)
50. Secondary Storage
• Secondary memory can be external
devices like CD, floppy magnetic discs etc.
• Secondary storage cannot be directly
accessed by the CPU and is also external
memory storage
51. RAID
• A Redundant Array of Independent
Disks (RAID) installation can provide
data protection or increased
performance when connecting multiple
hard drive.
– Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks is
an assortment of hard drives connected and
setup in ways to help protect or speed up
the performance of a computer's disk
storage
54. Internal Cables
Internal power splitter
Molex to Floppy
1.8m-VGA-to-VGA-
Monitor-Cable
3-pin Fan Power Extension
Cable for Computer and
CPU Fans, 18"
IDE Molex Internal Power
Extension Cable Computer
Power Supply PSU 12V/5V
55. • 1.1.3 Identify external ports and cables
a) Video ports and cables
b) Other ports and cables
1.1 UNDERSTAND THE PERSONAL
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
58. • 1.1.4 Identify Input And Output Devices
a) Input Devices
b) Output Devices
c) Monitor characteristics
1.1 UNDERSTAND THE PERSONAL
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
60. Input/Output (I/O) device
• An input/output (I/O) device is a hardware device that has the ability
to accept inputted, outputted or other processed data. It also can
acquire respective media data as input sent to a computer or send
computer data to storage media as storage output.
• Input devices provide input to a computer, while output devices
provide a way for a computer to output data for communication with
users or other computers. An I/O device is a device with both
functionalities.
• Examples of I/O storage devices are CD/DVD-ROM drives, USB
flash drives and hard disk drives. Examples of communication I/O
devices are network adapters, Bluetooth adapters/dongles and
modems.
61. Input Devices
Following are few of the important input devices, which are used in Computer
Systems:
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Joystick
• Light pen
• Track Ball
• Scanner
• Graphic Tablet
• Microphone
• Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR)
• Optical Character Reader (OCR)
• Bar Code Reader
• Optical Mark Reader
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_input_devices.htm
62. • Input devices are used to enter data or
instructions into a computer:
i. Mouse and Keyboard
ii. KVM switch
iii. Digital camera and digital video camera
iv. Biometric authentication device
v. Touch screen
vi. Scanner
Input Devices
63. • Monitors and Projectors:
i. Cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitor is the most common
monitor type
ii. Most televisions also use this technology.
iii. Liquid crystal display (LCD) is commonly used in
laptops and some projectors
iv. LCD comes in two forms, active matrix and passive
matrix.
v. Digital light processing (DLP) is another technology
used in projectors.
vi. Monitor resolution refers to the level of image detail that
can be reproduced
vii. Higher resolution settings produce better image quality.
Output Devices
64. • Printers and Fax Machines are output
devices that create hard copies of
computer files.
• Scanners create electronic file version of
paper documents.
• Speakers and headphones are output
devices for reproducing audio signals.
Output Devices
