The document discusses various topics related to the Earth and its movement in space. It describes the moon's phases and movements around the Earth. It also discusses eclipses of the moon and sun which occur when one celestial body blocks the sun's or moon's light from reaching the Earth. The document notes that tides on Earth are caused by gravitational forces from the moon and sun, and are highest during spring tides when their forces are aligned. It provides information about the Earth's rotation and revolution around the sun which cause day/night and seasons. Additional topics covered include constellations, layers of the Earth, natural resources, and sustainable development.
The document discusses key facts about the structure and composition of Earth. It is composed of layers, including the crust, mantle, and core. The crust and upper mantle make up the lithosphere, which is divided into thicker continental and thinner oceanic crust. Earth's layers can be studied using seismic waves. The core is mostly liquid iron, while the mantle becomes increasingly solid with depth. Seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis and its revolution around the sun.
The document summarizes various topics relating to Earth's seasons, phases of the moon, eclipses, and tides. It explains that Earth's rotation causes day and night, while its revolution around the sun causes years. It describes how the tilt of the Earth on its axis causes seasons. It also discusses the phases of the moon and how they are caused by the relative positions of the Earth, moon, and sun. Lunar and solar eclipses occur when the moon passes between the Earth and sun. Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on Earth's oceans.
The document summarizes key concepts about the Earth-Moon-Sun system. It describes the Earth's rotation, revolution around the Sun, and axial tilt, which cause day/night and seasons. It discusses the Moon's orbit and phases as it revolves around Earth. Eclipses occur when the Moon passes between Earth and Sun. The Moon causes tidal bulges on Earth related to its gravity, producing ocean tides.
1. The Earth rotates on its axis, taking 24 hours to complete one rotation.
2. This rotation causes day and night as different parts of the Earth face toward and away from the Sun.
3. The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees, which contributes to seasons and variation in day and night durations around the world.
This document discusses the relationships between planets, moons, and other celestial bodies. It explains that the Moon orbits the Earth and is considered our natural satellite. A satellite revolves around a planet. Lunar eclipses occur when the Moon passes behind Earth into its shadow, while solar eclipses happen when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun. The Moon's phases are caused by varying amounts of sunlight reflecting off its surface due to its orbit around Earth. Tides are also influenced by the Moon's gravity, with high and low tides occurring regularly due to the positions of the Moon and Sun relative to Earth.
The document discusses key facts about the structure and composition of Earth. It is composed of layers, including the crust, mantle, and core. The crust and upper mantle make up the lithosphere, which is divided into thicker continental and thinner oceanic crust. Earth's layers can be studied using seismic waves. The core is mostly liquid iron, while the mantle becomes increasingly solid with depth. Seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis and its revolution around the sun.
The document summarizes various topics relating to Earth's seasons, phases of the moon, eclipses, and tides. It explains that Earth's rotation causes day and night, while its revolution around the sun causes years. It describes how the tilt of the Earth on its axis causes seasons. It also discusses the phases of the moon and how they are caused by the relative positions of the Earth, moon, and sun. Lunar and solar eclipses occur when the moon passes between the Earth and sun. Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on Earth's oceans.
The document summarizes key concepts about the Earth-Moon-Sun system. It describes the Earth's rotation, revolution around the Sun, and axial tilt, which cause day/night and seasons. It discusses the Moon's orbit and phases as it revolves around Earth. Eclipses occur when the Moon passes between Earth and Sun. The Moon causes tidal bulges on Earth related to its gravity, producing ocean tides.
1. The Earth rotates on its axis, taking 24 hours to complete one rotation.
2. This rotation causes day and night as different parts of the Earth face toward and away from the Sun.
3. The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees, which contributes to seasons and variation in day and night durations around the world.
This document discusses the relationships between planets, moons, and other celestial bodies. It explains that the Moon orbits the Earth and is considered our natural satellite. A satellite revolves around a planet. Lunar eclipses occur when the Moon passes behind Earth into its shadow, while solar eclipses happen when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun. The Moon's phases are caused by varying amounts of sunlight reflecting off its surface due to its orbit around Earth. Tides are also influenced by the Moon's gravity, with high and low tides occurring regularly due to the positions of the Moon and Sun relative to Earth.
The document provides information about the solar system and related space topics from a 4th grade science perspective. It discusses that the Sun is at the center of the solar system with 8 planets revolving around it, including Earth which is the only planet that supports life. It also mentions that the solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy, and describes some of the other planets and objects that can be seen in the night sky like stars, constellations, comets, and meteors. Some key facts about the Sun and Earth are also highlighted such as their sizes, distances, and rotations.
This PPT describes the Inter-relation ship between the Earth, Moon and the Sun that explains the causes of Day and Night, Seasons on the Earth and the Tides in Oceans and Seas!
The document provides information about the Earth-Moon system including:
1) The Earth rotates daily and revolves yearly around the Sun, causing seasons to change. It is tilted on its axis.
2) The Moon rotates and revolves around the Earth, always showing the same face. It reflects sunlight and has phases as its illuminated portion changes daily.
3) Humans have explored the Moon through missions like Apollo and Clementine, landing astronauts on the Moon from 1969-1972.
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It has no atmosphere and its surface is marked by craters and dust. The same side always faces Earth. The Moon's diameter is about one quarter that of Earth and it has lower gravity and density than Earth. Temperatures vary greatly from 130°C during the day to -110°C at night. Large flat plains called maria cover parts of the near side, formed by ancient lava flows. Craters and long valleys called rilles are also features of its surface. The Moon orbits Earth about every 27 days in a cycle linked to eclipses.
The document summarizes key facts about the Moon's properties, surface characteristics, composition and formation history. It discusses how lunar exploration began with Soviet and American space programs in the late 1950s and 1960s, culminating in the Apollo 11 mission landing in 1969. It describes the Moon's surface features like highlands, maria, impact craters and lack of atmosphere or water. The composition is similar to Earth, consisting mainly of silicates. The widely accepted theory is that the Moon formed from debris after a giant impact between Earth and a Mars-sized object over 4 billion years ago.
The solar system is made up of the Sun, the planets that orbit the Sun, their satellites, dwarf planets and many, many small objects, like asteroids and comets. All of these objects move and we can see these movements. We notice the Sun rises in the eastern sky in the morning and sets in the western sky in the evening. We observe different stars in the sky at different times of the year.
The document discusses various terms related to the moon including its phases, features, effect on tides, and history of exploration. It defines waxing as when the moon appears to grow in size, waning as when it decreases in size, and gibbous as between a half circle and full circle of illumination. It notes the moon's seas are dark patches formed by ancient lava flows and that phases refer to how much is illuminated each day. A harvest moon is a full moon near the autumn equinox that rises earlier each night. The first men on the moon were Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin in 1969.
1) The Earth, Sun and Moon exist in a complex system of orbits where the Moon revolves around the Earth and the Earth revolves around the Sun.
2) As the Moon orbits the Earth, the illuminated portion that we see from Earth changes in a cycle called phases, ranging from new moon to full moon and back over about two weeks.
3) Lunar and solar eclipses occur when the Moon passes between the Earth and Sun, casting its shadow on either the Moon or Earth, and can be total or partial depending on the alignment of the three bodies.
The moon revolves around Earth once every 27 days, keeping the same side facing Earth. It reflects sunlight and its illuminated half changes shape in a cycle from new moon to first quarter to full moon to third quarter over 291⁄2 days. The moon is the closest celestial object to Earth at 384,000 km away. It has many impact craters and temperature extremes ranging from 127°C during the day to -173°C at night. Telescopes allow observation of details on the moon's surface.
The document discusses key facts about Earth's moon:
- The moon is a satellite that orbits Earth once per month and appears to change shapes (phases) due to its position relative to Earth and the Sun. It goes through eight phases each month.
- The moon is Earth's closest neighbor in space, located about 239,000 miles away. It does not produce its own light but rather reflects sunlight.
- Astronauts were first able to walk on the moon in 1969, and they left behind footprints that remain visible today since the moon has no atmosphere or weathering.
S6E1. Students will explore current scientific views of the universe and how those views evolved.
a. Relate the Nature of Science to the progression of basic historical scientific models (geocentric, heliocentric) as they describe our solar system, and the Big Bang as it describes the formation of the universe.
b. Describe the position of the solar system in the Milky Way galaxy and the universe.
c. Compare and contrast the planets in terms of Size relative to the earth Surface and atmospheric features Relative distance from the sun Ability to support life
d. Explain the motion of objects in the day/night sky in terms of relative position.
e. Explain that gravity is the force that governs the motion in the solar system.
f. Describe the characteristics of comets, asteroids, and meteors.
The document summarizes key concepts about the Earth, moon, sun, and universe. It describes how the Earth rotates daily and revolves yearly around the sun, causing day/night and seasons. It also discusses the moon's phases, tides, and eclipses due to the positions of the Earth, moon and sun. Finally, it briefly outlines historic models of our solar system and discoveries about gravity and our sun.
Rotation is the movement of the Earth spinning on its axis, causing day and night. Revolution is the Earth orbiting the sun, taking 365 days to complete one orbit. The results of rotation are day/night cycles and tides due to the moon's gravitational pull. The tilt of the Earth's axis as it revolves around the sun causes the seasons. The inner planets like Earth are rocky, while the outer planets are gaseous. Both revolve around the sun but the inner planets are smaller and denser, with solid surfaces, whereas the outer planets are larger and less dense balls of gas.
Power Point notes that I use in class. I did not make this presentation. I got it from the internet, the reference is on the first page. I may have altered it from it\'s origninal state though.
The document discusses the phases of the moon, including terminology like waxing, waning, and gibbous. It notes that the moon revolves around Earth every 28 days and goes through phases as the illuminated portion changes from new to full and back again. Key phases mentioned are new, crescent, quarter, and full moon. The document also briefly discusses lunar and solar eclipses.
The document discusses various aspects of the moon and lunar phenomena. It defines a lunar month as the time it takes for the moon to pass through each of its phases and return to its original position, which is approximately 29.5 days. It also describes the different lunar phases including new moon, full moon, and eclipses. Specifically, it notes that a lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes behind Earth, blocking the sun's rays from striking the moon. The document provides information about lunar orbits and the different types of eclipses like solar and lunar eclipses.
This is a PowerPoint that is about Exploring Earth Science. This is geared towards 3rd grade students. This is very picture heavy so it will easily keep the attention of young children. It is also full of helpful information
The moon revolves around the Earth over 28 days, going through phases from new moon to full moon and back again. It spends a few days in each phase as it waxes from crescent to gibbous to full and then wanes back to crescent. The moon's predictable phases cause patterns like tides on Earth.
Fold mountains form from massive compression that creates tall, folded peaks with anticlines and synclines visible in cross-section. They are characterized by capped mountain tops and great heights. A tsunami is unlikely to impact Singapore if triggered by the Sumatra Trench because the waves would have to overcome the island of Sumatra to reach Singapore. When an oceanic plate converges with a continental boundary, a deep sea trench forms as the denser oceanic plate is subducted under the continental plate. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge was formed as new oceanic crust is produced where two oceanic plates are moving away from each other at an underwater volcanic mountain range. Block mountains are formed when sections of crust are pulled apart by tensional
The document provides information about the solar system and related space topics from a 4th grade science perspective. It discusses that the Sun is at the center of the solar system with 8 planets revolving around it, including Earth which is the only planet that supports life. It also mentions that the solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy, and describes some of the other planets and objects that can be seen in the night sky like stars, constellations, comets, and meteors. Some key facts about the Sun and Earth are also highlighted such as their sizes, distances, and rotations.
This PPT describes the Inter-relation ship between the Earth, Moon and the Sun that explains the causes of Day and Night, Seasons on the Earth and the Tides in Oceans and Seas!
The document provides information about the Earth-Moon system including:
1) The Earth rotates daily and revolves yearly around the Sun, causing seasons to change. It is tilted on its axis.
2) The Moon rotates and revolves around the Earth, always showing the same face. It reflects sunlight and has phases as its illuminated portion changes daily.
3) Humans have explored the Moon through missions like Apollo and Clementine, landing astronauts on the Moon from 1969-1972.
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It has no atmosphere and its surface is marked by craters and dust. The same side always faces Earth. The Moon's diameter is about one quarter that of Earth and it has lower gravity and density than Earth. Temperatures vary greatly from 130°C during the day to -110°C at night. Large flat plains called maria cover parts of the near side, formed by ancient lava flows. Craters and long valleys called rilles are also features of its surface. The Moon orbits Earth about every 27 days in a cycle linked to eclipses.
The document summarizes key facts about the Moon's properties, surface characteristics, composition and formation history. It discusses how lunar exploration began with Soviet and American space programs in the late 1950s and 1960s, culminating in the Apollo 11 mission landing in 1969. It describes the Moon's surface features like highlands, maria, impact craters and lack of atmosphere or water. The composition is similar to Earth, consisting mainly of silicates. The widely accepted theory is that the Moon formed from debris after a giant impact between Earth and a Mars-sized object over 4 billion years ago.
The solar system is made up of the Sun, the planets that orbit the Sun, their satellites, dwarf planets and many, many small objects, like asteroids and comets. All of these objects move and we can see these movements. We notice the Sun rises in the eastern sky in the morning and sets in the western sky in the evening. We observe different stars in the sky at different times of the year.
The document discusses various terms related to the moon including its phases, features, effect on tides, and history of exploration. It defines waxing as when the moon appears to grow in size, waning as when it decreases in size, and gibbous as between a half circle and full circle of illumination. It notes the moon's seas are dark patches formed by ancient lava flows and that phases refer to how much is illuminated each day. A harvest moon is a full moon near the autumn equinox that rises earlier each night. The first men on the moon were Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin in 1969.
1) The Earth, Sun and Moon exist in a complex system of orbits where the Moon revolves around the Earth and the Earth revolves around the Sun.
2) As the Moon orbits the Earth, the illuminated portion that we see from Earth changes in a cycle called phases, ranging from new moon to full moon and back over about two weeks.
3) Lunar and solar eclipses occur when the Moon passes between the Earth and Sun, casting its shadow on either the Moon or Earth, and can be total or partial depending on the alignment of the three bodies.
The moon revolves around Earth once every 27 days, keeping the same side facing Earth. It reflects sunlight and its illuminated half changes shape in a cycle from new moon to first quarter to full moon to third quarter over 291⁄2 days. The moon is the closest celestial object to Earth at 384,000 km away. It has many impact craters and temperature extremes ranging from 127°C during the day to -173°C at night. Telescopes allow observation of details on the moon's surface.
The document discusses key facts about Earth's moon:
- The moon is a satellite that orbits Earth once per month and appears to change shapes (phases) due to its position relative to Earth and the Sun. It goes through eight phases each month.
- The moon is Earth's closest neighbor in space, located about 239,000 miles away. It does not produce its own light but rather reflects sunlight.
- Astronauts were first able to walk on the moon in 1969, and they left behind footprints that remain visible today since the moon has no atmosphere or weathering.
S6E1. Students will explore current scientific views of the universe and how those views evolved.
a. Relate the Nature of Science to the progression of basic historical scientific models (geocentric, heliocentric) as they describe our solar system, and the Big Bang as it describes the formation of the universe.
b. Describe the position of the solar system in the Milky Way galaxy and the universe.
c. Compare and contrast the planets in terms of Size relative to the earth Surface and atmospheric features Relative distance from the sun Ability to support life
d. Explain the motion of objects in the day/night sky in terms of relative position.
e. Explain that gravity is the force that governs the motion in the solar system.
f. Describe the characteristics of comets, asteroids, and meteors.
The document summarizes key concepts about the Earth, moon, sun, and universe. It describes how the Earth rotates daily and revolves yearly around the sun, causing day/night and seasons. It also discusses the moon's phases, tides, and eclipses due to the positions of the Earth, moon and sun. Finally, it briefly outlines historic models of our solar system and discoveries about gravity and our sun.
Rotation is the movement of the Earth spinning on its axis, causing day and night. Revolution is the Earth orbiting the sun, taking 365 days to complete one orbit. The results of rotation are day/night cycles and tides due to the moon's gravitational pull. The tilt of the Earth's axis as it revolves around the sun causes the seasons. The inner planets like Earth are rocky, while the outer planets are gaseous. Both revolve around the sun but the inner planets are smaller and denser, with solid surfaces, whereas the outer planets are larger and less dense balls of gas.
Power Point notes that I use in class. I did not make this presentation. I got it from the internet, the reference is on the first page. I may have altered it from it\'s origninal state though.
The document discusses the phases of the moon, including terminology like waxing, waning, and gibbous. It notes that the moon revolves around Earth every 28 days and goes through phases as the illuminated portion changes from new to full and back again. Key phases mentioned are new, crescent, quarter, and full moon. The document also briefly discusses lunar and solar eclipses.
The document discusses various aspects of the moon and lunar phenomena. It defines a lunar month as the time it takes for the moon to pass through each of its phases and return to its original position, which is approximately 29.5 days. It also describes the different lunar phases including new moon, full moon, and eclipses. Specifically, it notes that a lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes behind Earth, blocking the sun's rays from striking the moon. The document provides information about lunar orbits and the different types of eclipses like solar and lunar eclipses.
This is a PowerPoint that is about Exploring Earth Science. This is geared towards 3rd grade students. This is very picture heavy so it will easily keep the attention of young children. It is also full of helpful information
The moon revolves around the Earth over 28 days, going through phases from new moon to full moon and back again. It spends a few days in each phase as it waxes from crescent to gibbous to full and then wanes back to crescent. The moon's predictable phases cause patterns like tides on Earth.
Fold mountains form from massive compression that creates tall, folded peaks with anticlines and synclines visible in cross-section. They are characterized by capped mountain tops and great heights. A tsunami is unlikely to impact Singapore if triggered by the Sumatra Trench because the waves would have to overcome the island of Sumatra to reach Singapore. When an oceanic plate converges with a continental boundary, a deep sea trench forms as the denser oceanic plate is subducted under the continental plate. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge was formed as new oceanic crust is produced where two oceanic plates are moving away from each other at an underwater volcanic mountain range. Block mountains are formed when sections of crust are pulled apart by tensional
There are three main types of plate movements that result in different landforms: convergence, divergence, and transform. Convergence occurs when plates collide, forming subduction zones, fold mountains, or continental collisions. Divergence happens when plates move apart, seen at mid-ocean ridges and rifting continents. Transform boundaries are where plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes along faults like the San Andreas. Plate tectonics shapes the Earth's surface through these movements.
The document discusses plate tectonics and the structure of the Earth. It explains that Earth's outer layer is divided into plates that move over Earth's mantle in a constant state of motion. This motion of plates causes continental drift and is responsible for geological features and events like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building. The theory of plate tectonics developed in the 1960s to explain phenomena like sea floor spreading and the movement of continents over geologic time.
This worksheet provides questions about plate tectonics for students to answer. It includes diagrams of the Earth's cross-section and seafloor spreading to label, as well as questions asking students to explain why Wegener's theory of continental drift was initially ridiculed and how seafloor spreading provided evidence for continental drift. Students are to fill in their name, date, and provide responses directly on the worksheet.
This document discusses different types of plate boundaries including divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates collide, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another. It provides examples of each boundary type and describes the geological features and processes associated with each, such as the formation of oceanic trenches and volcanic island arcs at convergent boundaries, and the development of rift valleys and oceanic spreading ridges at divergent boundaries. It also discusses examples of hotspots, which are volcanic regions not located along plate boundaries.
This document contains a 9 question test about plates, earthquakes, and volcanoes. The test includes questions that require labeling diagrams, identifying true/false statements, matching terms to their definitions, explaining volcanic and tectonic processes, and describing potential hazards from earthquakes and volcanoes. Students are instructed to write their name, date, and other details before beginning the 50 point assessment.
This document provides an overview of the resources included in the Glencoe Science textbook for the chapter on plate tectonics. It includes reproducible student pages for hands-on activities, assessments, and materials for meeting individual student needs. It also provides transparency activities and teacher support materials such as lesson planning guides, answer keys, and Spanish translations.
Provides answers to the sponge labeed Destruct forces...
(Addresses some of the causes of destructive forces and how they cause changes in the earth's surface)
Presentation; The Earth in the universerafakarmona
The document discusses the Big Bang theory of the creation of the universe. It begins by stating that according to the Big Bang theory, all matter in the universe was originally concentrated in a single place, which then exploded and caused billions of particles to travel outward in all directions, later forming celestial bodies. It then poses some questions about the Big Bang and what existed before and after it.
The document provides information about astronomy and the structure of the universe. It begins with a vocabulary list for "Unit 1: The study of stars and space" and defines key terms related to the Big Bang theory, such as that all matter and energy was once condensed in a single point around 13.8 billion years ago. It then discusses evidence for the Big Bang, the expansion of the universe, properties and life cycles of stars, Earth's place in the universe, and characteristics of the moon such as its phases and the causes of tides.
Astronomy lunar phases eclipses and tidesMaria Donohue
The phases of the moon are caused by the changing positions of the sun, Earth, and moon relative to one another. A new moon occurs when the moon is between the Earth and sun so its night side faces Earth. A full moon happens when the moon is on the opposite side of Earth from the sun, so its full day side faces Earth. Eclipses occur when the sun, Earth, and moon align so that one passes in front of the other, casting a shadow. Lunar eclipses happen during a full moon when Earth blocks the sun's light from reaching the moon. Solar eclipses occur during a new moon when the moon passes between the sun and Earth, casting its shadow on Earth. The moon
The oldest galaxy is the most redshifted, as it is moving fastest away from us due to the expansion of the universe over the greatest time period since the Big Bang. The youngest galaxy shows the least redshift, as it has not been receding from us for as long.
The document discusses the movements of the Earth and how it affects seasons and tides. It explains that the Earth rotates on its axis, causing night and day, and revolves around the sun, causing seasons. It also describes the moon's phases and how its gravitational pull combined with the sun causes tides. Seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth's axis and its distance from the sun throughout the year.
The document describes lunar and solar eclipses. It explains that lunar eclipses occur during a full moon when the moon passes through the Earth's shadow, making it appear dark red. Solar eclipses happen during a new moon phase when the moon passes between the Earth and sun, blocking the sun's light. Eclipses only occur when the moon's orbit aligns it directly behind or in front of Earth relative to the sun. The simulation allows viewing eclipses from different angles to understand how they occur.
The document describes the phases of the moon and lunar calendar. It explains that the moon revolves around Earth once every 29.5 days, going through phases from new moon to full moon and back again. During a new moon, the dark side faces Earth so we cannot see the illuminated portion. As the moon orbits, we see less than half illuminated as a crescent moon, then exactly half illuminated at the quarter moon phase.
This document provides information about the Sun, Earth, and Moon through text and images. It compares the sizes of these celestial bodies and explains that the Sun would be the size of a basketball, Earth a pea, and the Moon a pinhead. It then discusses the key differences between the rotation and revolution of Earth and the Moon around the Sun. Finally, it summarizes how Earth's rotation causes day and night and its revolution causes seasons.
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and was formed from debris after a collision between Earth and a Mars-sized body. It orbits Earth every 27.3 days and rotates at the same rate, so the same side always faces Earth. Its phases are caused by the varying illumination of its surface as it orbits our planet. The Moon causes Earth's tides and has geological features like maria and craters.
This document provides information about space, including the sizes of the Sun, Earth, and Moon. It explains that the Sun would be the size of a basketball, the Earth a pea, and the Moon a pinhead. It also discusses the difference between rotation and revolution, and how the Earth's rotation causes day and night and its revolution causes seasons. Additional topics covered include the Moon's phases, tides, facts about the Sun and Moon, an overview of the solar system, and highlights of the NASA Apollo program that landed astronauts on the Moon.
Lab 6 Tides and Coastal processes Goals1. Understand wha.docxsmile790243
Lab 6: Tides and Coastal processes
Goals:
1. Understand what causes tides.
2. Understand how deep-ocean waves change and break when they reach a coastline.
3. Understand how shoreline transport of sediment occurs and how it is affected by human activities.
Tides
Tides are actually waves that move through the oceans and large lakes. In the oceans, they have periods of several hours and wavelengths of 1000s of kilometers. Depending on the wave period that dominates in different parts of the world, some places have only one high and one low tide a day (diurnal tides), whereas others have two high (about equal to each other) and two low tides (also about equal to each other) known as semidiurnal. A third type is mixed tides with two highs and two lows a day with different heights, (a high high, a low high, a high low and a low low). California, as the rest of the west coast has mixed tides.
The gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon causes tides on Earth. The gravitational influence of an object is directly related to its mass and its distance from another object. So even though the Sun has much more mass than the Moon, it is over 380 times farther away from the Earth than the Moon. Therefore, our little Moon wins out and has the most influence on the tides on Earth.
As the Earth spins about its axis, centrifugal force keeps water balanced on all sides of the planet. However, the Moon's gravitational forces disrupt this balance by pulling the water towards the Moon. A double "bulge" is formed—one side pulling toward the Moon and the opposite side pulling away from it, just like swinging a water balloon causes it to stretch both toward AND away from your hand. The areas where the bulging occurs experience high tides.
Tides are predictable, but their periods do not coincide with the 24 hour Earth day. The Moon takes about 24 hours and 50 minutes to line up again exactly with the same point on the Earth. Therefore, the timing of the tides shifts almost an hour a day. Because the relative positions of the Sun, Earth and Moon change over the course a day, a month and a year, the absolute heights of diurnal, semidiurnal and mixed tides vary over these periods. For example, even within the same ~25 hour period, the heights of the semidiurnal tides are not exactly the same, although they are close. Even more significant changes are seen over a monthly cycle, with higher-than-normalspring tides (not named for the season but because the water "springs" higher than normal) and the lower-than-normalneap tides.
Exercise 1.
Let's investigate the causes of spring and neap tides. Go to this websitehttp://aspire.cosmic-ray.org/Labs/Tides/tides_simulator.html . Pick the student version because the teacher version has an annoying note in the middle of the simulation screen—the teacher version will not give you any more information than the student version to answer these questions. Click on the tide simulator. Click the box to turn on spring/neap ...
The document summarizes key information about the Earth. It describes the Earth as a planet within the Solar System that is able to support life due to features like its temperature, atmosphere, and abundance of water. It discusses the Earth's shape as a spheroid called a geoid and its rotation on its axis, which causes day and night, as well as its revolution around the Sun, which causes the seasons. It also describes tools like maps, coordinates, and map projections that are used to represent and locate places on the Earth's surface.
The document discusses the phases of the moon and how they occur as the moon orbits the Earth. It describes the 8 phases from new moon to full moon and back again over the course of approximately 29.5 days. The phases occur due to the changing position of the moon in relation to the Earth and sun, which determines how much of the lit side is visible from Earth. The gravitational pull of the moon also causes the ocean tides on Earth.
The document discusses the phases of the moon and how they occur as the moon orbits the Earth. It describes the 8 phases as: new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent. As the moon orbits the Earth over approximately 29.5 days, the portion illuminated from our perspective changes in a cycle from new to full and back to new moon again.
The moon revolves around Earth and has characteristics such as dark lava plains called mare, impact craters, and a layer of dust and rocks called regolith. It formed from debris ejected when Earth collided with a Mars-sized body. The moon orbits Earth elliptically, with varying distances of closest and farthest approach. Its phases are caused by the changing illumination from the sun as it revolves around Earth over 27 days. The moon's gravity also causes Earth's tides, with higher tides occurring when the sun and moon align to increase their pull.
The document discusses eclipses and lunar phases. It begins by providing background information on the moon's orbit and how it reflects sunlight before explaining the different lunar phases. It then describes the causes of lunar phases and provides diagrams. The document also discusses the different types of solar and lunar eclipses, providing examples and upcoming dates. It concludes by briefly explaining the causes of ocean tides due to the moon and sun's gravity.
This document provides an overview of astronomy topics including:
- The basic properties of Earth, Moon, Sun and other planets in our solar system.
- How the tilt of Earth's axis causes the seasons and the celestial sphere model used to understand sky motions.
- Key events like solstices, equinoxes, and lunar phases that occur as Earth orbits the Sun and the Moon orbits Earth.
- The causes and viewing locations of solar and lunar eclipses when the Sun, Earth and Moon are directly aligned.
- Concepts like sidereal time, precession and time zones used to measure and communicate about time and sky positions.
The document discusses lunar phases and eclipses. It explains that the moon orbits the Earth at an angle and its phases (new, waxing crescent, first quarter, etc.) are caused by the changing portion of its surface that is illuminated by the sun. It describes three types of lunar eclipses that occur when the Earth passes between the sun and moon, casting its shadow on the moon. Solar eclipses happen when the moon passes between the Earth and sun, casting its shadow on parts of the Earth. The document also briefly discusses how tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on the Earth's oceans and atmosphere.
This document discusses the relationships between the Earth, Sun, and Moon, and how they affect day and night, years, and seasons. It explains that the Earth's rotation on its axis causes day and night, with a full rotation taking 24 hours. It also explains that the Earth revolves around the Sun over the course of 365 days, which divides the year into four seasons due to the tilt of the Earth's axis. Finally, it discusses how the Moon revolves around the Earth over 29 days, and how the changing positions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon cause the Moon's phases.
Similar to UNIT 02.-A SPACECRAFT CALLED EARTH (Worksheet) (20)
UNIT 09.- THE BIODIVERSITY AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION (Worksheet) Toribio Florez Lopez
Here are the answers:
1. Adaptation is the change in living organisms that allow them to live successfully in an environment. There are several types of adaptations:
- Adaptations to move: The extremities change form according to the environment in which the animal lives: fins or paws in form of oars in the aquatic animals, wings for the air environment, running paws and extremities to climb in the terrestrial environment, etc
- Adaptations to feed: Plants have roots and animals have different types of dentures or beaks according to their feeding.
- Adaptations to breathe: According to the animal type and the environment where they live, animals have different organs to breathe: lungs for the air environment, gills
The document provides information about the universe, what composes the universe, constellations, units of measurement used by astronomers, and details about the solar system. It explains that the universe is made up of galaxies, nebulas, stars, planets, and other celestial bodies. It describes the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system and notes that Galileo proved the heliocentric model. It provides details about the sun, planets, dwarf planets, comets, asteroids, and satellites that make up the solar system. Finally, it discusses the difference between natural and artificial satellites and defines key terms.
1. The document discusses the properties of matter and how it is measured. It explains that all matter in the universe is made up of the same basic materials, including what forms the Earth, Moon, Jupiter, and Sun.
2. Matter is defined as anything that has mass and volume. Properties include specific properties that differentiate materials from each other, like color and size, as well as general properties all matter shares, such as mass and volume.
3. Measurement is described as comparing a property or magnitude of matter, like length, mass, or time, to a standard unit within the International System of Units. Common units include meters, kilograms, and seconds.
The document discusses the properties and states of water, explaining that water is essential to life on Earth and can be found naturally in its solid, liquid, and gas forms. It moves continuously through the hydrologic cycle of evaporation, precipitation, and flow towards the oceans due to solar energy and gravity. Proper management of water resources is needed to ensure a sustainable supply of fresh water for all uses including human consumption, agriculture, industry, and recreation.
The document discusses the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas. It explains that matter is made up of particles that are in continuous motion. The properties of the particles, including their arrangement and attraction forces, vary between the different states. Solids have tightly packed, ordered particles that do not flow and cannot be compressed. Liquids have disordered particles that flow and take the shape of their container. Gases have widely separated particles that are highly compressible and will expand to fill any available space.
The document contains vocabulary activities related to various science topics including the universe, Earth, matter, living things, plants and fungi, water and atmosphere. The activities include lists of scientific terms, definitions, abbreviations, and singular/plural forms in both English and Spanish. The vocabulary covers topics such as galaxies, minerals, cells, ecosystems, weather, climate change and more.
The document discusses the history of models of the solar system. For thousands of years, the geocentric model placed Earth at the center. Ptolemy created an influential geocentric model in the 2nd century AD. In 1543, Copernicus published a heliocentric model placing the Sun at the center, though he was afraid to publish it while alive due to religious opposition. Galileo's observations of Jupiter's moons in 1609 provided further evidence supporting the heliocentric model.
Este documento describe los diferentes tipos de cuerpos geométricos. Explica que los poliedros son cuerpos formados por caras planas y se clasifican en prismas y pirámides. También describe los cinco poliedros regulares. Además, define los cuerpos de revolución como aquellos formados por una superficie que gira alrededor de un eje, incluyendo cilindros, conos y esferas. Por último, explica las unidades de medida de volumen como metro cúbico, decímetro cúbico y cent
The document summarizes key information about minerals and rocks found in Earth's crust, including:
- Minerals are solid substances with a defined chemical composition that can be expressed with a formula, while rocks do not have a defined composition.
- Common elements in minerals include oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium. Silicates are formed from oxygen and silicon, and other compounds contain other elements.
- Physical properties of minerals include density, hardness, color, luster, cleavage, and transparency.
- Minerals can be useful as ores for extracting metals like iron, copper, lead, zinc, and aluminum or as non-metallic materials for construction, jewelry
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
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In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 days
UNIT 02.-A SPACECRAFT CALLED EARTH (Worksheet)
1. UNIDAD: 2.- UNA NAVE ESPACIAL LLAMADA TIERRA
LUNA:
• Es el satélite de la Tierra.
• Movimientos de la Luna:
- Rotación: gira sobre si misma
- Traslación: gira alrededor de la Tierra.
• Fases de la Luna:
- Luna Nueva: la Luna no se ve porque el Sol la está iluminando por detrás.
- Cuarto Creciente: cada día vemos un poco más grande la parte iluminada de la Luna.
Tiene forma de D.
- Luna Llena: la Luna se ve totalmente iluminada por el Sol.
- Cuarto Menguante: cada día vemos un poco más pequeña la parte iluminada de la
Luna. Tiene forma de C.
ECLIPSE:
• Es un fenómeno por el cual un astro no se ve, porque queda oculto total o
parcialmente.
- Eclipse de Luna: Se produce cuando no se ve la Luna porque se mete en la sombra de la Tierra.
Puede ser eclipse total de Luna: si no vemos nada de la Luna, o eclipse parcial de Luna: si
vemos parte de la Luna.
- Eclipse de Sol: Se produce cuando no vemos el Sol porque la Luna se pone entre el Sol y la
Tierra. Puede ser eclipse total de Sol: si no vemos nada del Sol, o eclipse parcial de Sol: si vemos
parte del Sol.
LAS MAREAS:
• Son variaciones periódicas del nivel de las aguas de los océanos por efecto de las
atracciones de la Luna y del Sol (en menor medida).
• Cada día se producen dos mareas altas y dos mareas bajas.
• El nivel más alto del agua se llama pleamar y el nivel más bajo bajamar
• Cuando el Sol y la Luna están alineados, las atracciones de ambos astros se suman y
las mareas son más altas. A esta marea tan alta se le llama marea viva.
• Cuando el Sol y la Luna no están alineados (en ángulo de 90º), las atracciones de
ambos astros se contrarrestan un poco y las mareas no son tan altas. A esta marea se le llama
marea muerta.
MOVIMIENTOS DE LA TIERRA:
• Movimiento de Rotación: Es el giro sobre si misma. Tarda 24 horas (1 día) y es el
responsable de los días y las noches.
• Movimiento de Traslación: Es el giro de nuestro planeta alrededor del Sol. Tarda
365 días y 6 horas, y es el responsable, junto con la inclinación terrestre de las estaciones. Como el
año tiene 365 días, las seis horas se van guardando y al cabo de 4 años tenemos un año bisiesto con
366 días.
LAS ESTACIONES:
• Como el eje de la Tierra está inclinado, el Sol no incide sobre nuestro planeta de
igual manera a lo largo del año.
• Verano: Los rayos solares inciden sobre la Tierra más perpendicularmente y por eso
calientan más.
• Invierno: Los rayos solares inciden sobre la Tierra oblicuamente y por eso calientan
menos.
• Primavera: Es el caso intermedio entre el invierno y el verano.
• Otoño: Es el caso intermedio entre el verano y el invierno.
2. LAS CONSTELACIONES:
• Son grupos de estrellas que se ven próximas en el cielo y que parecen dibujos si se
unen con líneas. Hay muchas constelaciones: la Osa Mayor, la Osa Menor, Casiopea, Piscis, Tauro,
Sagitario,…
LAS CAPAS DE LA TIERRA:
• ATMÓSFERA: Es la capa gaseosa que rodea a la Tierra. Está formada por una
mezcla de gases que llamamos aire.
• HIDROSFERA: Es la capa formada por todo el agua que hay sobre el planeta:
océanos, mares, lagos, ríos, aguas subterráneas, etc.
• GEOSFERA: Es la capa sólida o fundida de la Tierra. Está formada por rocas y
minerales. Tiene a su vez tres capas:
- Corteza: es la capa sólida más externa.
- Manto: es la capa intermedia. Los materiales están fundidos.
- Núcleo: es la capa más profunda y compuesta sobretodo de metales. Tiene a su vez dos
partes: el núcleo externo y el núcleo interno.
• LA BIOSFERA: Es la parte de la Tierra donde habitamos los seres vivos. La
biosfera abarca tanto la parte baja de la atmósfera, como la hidrosfera y la parte superficial de la
geosfera.
• RECURSO NATURAL: Es cualquier material o energía que sea útil para el ser
humano y que se origine en un proceso natural.
• RECURSOS RENOVABLES: Son aquellos que se consumen, pero da tiempo a su
regeneración.
• RECURSOS NO RENOVABLES: Son aquellos que se consumen y no da tiempo a
que se regenere de forma natural.
• PROBLEMAS EN LA UTILIZACIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES: Al
buscar nuestro bienestar, incrementamos el consumo de los recursos naturales. Esto está
provocando:
- El agotamiento de los recursos naturales.
- La degradación del medio debido a la sobreexplotación de los recursos naturales.
- La existencia de grandes injusticias sociales, los países ricos se benefician de los
recursos naturales de los países pobres.
• UNA SOLUCIÓN: EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE: Debemos comprender
que un menor consumo de estos recursos no disminuye la calidad de vida. El desarrollo sostenible
consiste en:
- Reducir el consumo de recursos y repartirlos más equitativamente.
- Sustituir, cuando podamos, el uso de energías muy contaminantes (no renovables) por el
de energías menos contaminantes (renovables).
- Reducir la cantidad de residuos que generamos, reciclando y reutilizando materiales, y
reduciendo el consumo de materiales no biodegradables.
3. NAME: __________________________________________ DATE: ____________ 1º ___ (Bilingual)
UNIT: 2.- A SPACECRAFT CALLED EARTH.
THE MOON:
• It is the satellite of the Earth.
• Movements of the Moon:
- Rotation: The Moon rotates on itself.
- Revolution The Moon revolves around the Earth.
• The Phases of the Moon:
- New Moon: The Moon cannot be seen because the Sun illuminates its back.
- First quarter: With each passing day we see a slightly larger area of the moon
illuminated. It looks like a "D".
- Full Moon: The Moon is completely illuminated by the Sun.
- Last quarter: With each passing day we see a slightly smaller area of the moon
illuminated. It looks like a "C".
1. - Copy this information:
2. - Translates these words:
Rotation: Revolution:
First quarter: New Moon:
Full Moon: Last quarter:
3. - Look at the illustration (on the right). When the Moon looks
smaller than a First Quarter, is it Waxing Crescent or Waning
Gibbous? __________________
4. – Look at the illustration (on the left)
Which is this phase of the Moon?
_________________________
5. - Explain the movements of the Moon:
6. - What is the difference between Full Moon and New Moon?
4. ECLIPSE:
• It is a phenomenon by which a celestial body cannot be seen, because it remains
hidden in whole or in part.
- Lunar Eclipse: It occurs when the Moon cannot be seen because it is in the shadow of
the Earth. May be: Full eclipse of the Moon: If we cannot see anything of the Moon or Partial
eclipse of Moon if we see part of the Moon.
- Eclipse of Sun: It occurs when the Sun cannot be seen because the Moon is between the Sun and
the Earth. May be: Full eclipse of the Sun: If we cannot see anything from the Sun, or Partial
eclipse of the Sun if we see part of the Sun
7. - Translate the words:
Full eclipse of the Moon:
Partial eclipse of the Sun:
Partial eclipse of the Moon:
Full eclipse of the Sun:
8. - Look at the illustration. Is it an eclipse of the Moon or the Sun?
9. - Explain an eclipse of the Moon:
10.- Read the information above and complete:
a) ________________ : It is a phenomenon by which a celestial body cannot be seen, because it
remains hidden in whole or in part.
b) _________________: It occurs when the Sun cannot be seen because the Moon is between the Sun
and the Earth.
c) __________________: It occurs when the Moon cannot be seen because it is the shadow of the
Earth.
d) __________________: we don’t see anything of the Moon.
e) __________________: we see part of the Sun.
5. NAME: __________________________________________ DATE: ____________ 1º ___ (Bilingual)
THE TIDES:
• Are periodic variations of the level of the waters of the oceans caused by the
attractions of the Moon and of the Sun (in minor measure).
• Every day has two high tides and two low tides.
The highest level of water is called high tide and the lowest level is called low tide.
• When the Earth, the Sun, and the Moon are in a line, the gravitational forces of the
Moon and the Sun both contribute to the tides rising and the tides are higher. This very high tide is
called spring tide.
When the Earth, the Sun, and the Moon are not in a line (in angle of 90º), the attractions of both are
reduced a bit and the tides are not so high. This tide is called neap tide.
1. - Copy this information:
2. - How are the tides produced?
3. - Look at the pictures and say which type of tide corresponds to each drawing.
a)________________
b) __________________
c) _______________
4. - What celestial body has more influence on the tide?
6. 5.- a) Could there be three high tides in a day?:
b) What is a “high tide”?:
c) What is a “neap tide”?:
d) What is a “spring tide”?
e) What is a “low tide”?
MOVEMENT OF THE EARTH:
• Movement of Rotation: The Earth rotates on itself once every 24 hours (1 day) and
this is the cause of day and night.
• Movement of Revolution: The Earth turns around the Sun once every 365 days and
6 hours. This movement along with the inclination of the Earth is responsible for the seasons. As
the year has 365 days, six hours are left, and after 4 years we have a leap year with 366 days.
6. - Write tick if the phrase is correct, and cross X if the phrase is incorrect.
a) The Earth has three movements: rotation, revolution and ciclostatic.
b) The leap years have 366 days
c) The leap years have 365 days
d) The Earth turns around the Sun once every 24 hours
7. - Look at the pictures and write the name of each movement
_________________________ ___________________________
8. - Why is the inclination of the Earth important?
Answer: Because it is the cause of ______________.
9. - Read the information above and respond. Why is there a leap year each 4 years?
10 a). - What movement is responsible for day and night?
b). - How long does it take for the earth to revolve around the Sun?
NAME: __________________________________________ DATE: ____________ 1º ___ (Bilingual)
7. THE SEASONS:
• As the axis of the Earth is tipped, the Sun does not shine on our planet in the same
way throughout the year.
• Summer: The sun's rays hit the Earth more perpendicular and therefore produce
more heat.
• Winter: The sun's rays hit the Earth obliquely and therefore less heat.
• Spring: This is the season between winter and summer.
• Autumn (Fall): This is the season between the summer and winter.
1. - Copy this information:
2.- Translate these words:
Seasons: Winter:
Summer: Spring:
Axis: Sun:
Heat: Obliquely:
Fall: Perpendicular:
Autumn: Year:
3. - Write tick if the phrase is correct, and cross X if the phrase is incorrect.
a) The Earth has three seasons
b) In the summer, the Sun’s rays affect the Earth more perpendicular
c) Autumn is the season between summer and winter
d) Every three months, the season changes
4. - Write the names of the seasons:
8. 5. - Look at the pictures. We
live in the Northern
Hemisphere. What is each
season in the picture?
6. - In which season do the Sun's rays affect the Earth at the most direct angle?:
________________________
THE CONSTELLATIONS:
• They are groups of stars that seem to be near in the sky and that look like drawings
if they are joined with lines.
• There are many constellations: Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cassiopeia, Pisces, Taurus,
Sagittarius, etc
7. - Copy this information
8.- Translate:
Constellation: Sky:
Ursa Major: Ursa Minor:
Cassiopeia: Pisces:
Taurus: Sagittarius:
9. - Write the names of five constellations:
10. - What is a constellation?
9. NAME: __________________________________________ DATE: ____________ 1º ___ (Bilingual)
THE LAYERS OF THE EARTH:
• ATMOSPHERE: The gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth. It consists of a
mixture of gases we call air.
• HYDROSPHERE: The layer formed by all the water that there is on the planet:
oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, groundwater, etc..
• GEOSPHERE: The solid or molten layer of the Earth. It consists of rocks and
minerals. It in turn has three layers:
- Crust: is the solid layer most external.
- Mantle: is the intermediate layer. The materials are molten.
- Core: is the layer more internal and is a compound overcoat of metals. It has in turn two
parts: the outer core and the inner core.
• THE BIOSPHERE: Is the part of Earth that living creatures inhabit. The
biosphere covers the bottom of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and the superficial part of the
geosphere.
1. - Copy this information:
2. - Write the names of the layers of the Earth.
3. - What is the biosphere?
4. - Write the names of the layers of the geosphere:
5. - Translate the following words:
Atmosphere: Earth: Gaseous layer:
Air: Crust: Core:
Mantle: Ocean: Sea:
Lake: River: Groundwater:
10. 6. – a) Write on the left again the b) Write on the right the layers
layers of the Earth in English of the Earth in Spanish
7. - What is the hydrosphere?
8.- What is the core?
9.- What is the mantle?
10.- Match the two columns with arrows
ATMOSPHERE air
oceans
HYDROSPHERE inner core
gaseous layer
GEOSPHERE water layer
living creatures inhabit
THE BIOSPHERE Crust
solid or molten layer
11. NAME: __________________________________________ DATE: ____________ 1º ___ (Bilingual)
• NATURAL RESOURCE: It is any material or energy that it is useful for human
being and that originate in a natural process.
• RENEWABLE RESOURCES: They are those that waste away, but given time to
their regeneration.
• NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES: They are those that waste away and it doesn't
give time they can regenerate.
• PROBLEMS IN THE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES: When considering our
well-being, we increase the consumption of the natural resources. This is causing:
- The exhaustion of natural resources.
- The degradation of the environment due to the overexploitation of natural resources.
- The existence of great social injustices, as the rich countries benefit from the natural resources
of the poor countries.
• A SOLUTION: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: We should understand that
less consumption of these resources doesn't diminish our quality of life. Sustainable development
consists of:
- Reducing the consumption of resources and distributing them more equally.
- Substituting, when we can, the use of polluting energy (not renewable) for that of less
polluting energy (renewable).
- Reducing the quantity of residuals that we generate, recycling and reusing material, and
reducing the consumption of non biodegradable materials.
1. – Copy: natural resource, renewable resources and non renewable resources:
2. – Translate these words:
Natural resource: well-being:
Renewable resources: waste away:
Non renewable resources: useful:
3.- Translate these words:
Degradation of the environment:
Overexploitation of natural resources:
Exhaustion of natural resources:
Rich countries and poor countries:
Sustainable development:
Recycling and reusing material:
4.- What is a Natural resource?
12. 5. - What is the difference between Renewable resources and Non-renewable resources?
6. - What three important problems come from a bad use of natural resources?
7. - What are the three solutions of sustainable development?
8. – Fill-in the blanks:
_____________________: It is any ______________________ that it is useful for _____________
and that originate in a __________________.
_____________________: They are those that ______________________, but given time to their __________.
_____________________: They are those that _______________ and it doesn't give time they can
_____________.
9.- Complete with vowels:
W__ sh__ __ld __nd__rst__nd th__t l__ss c__ns__mpt__ __n __f th__s__
r__s__ __rc__s d__ __sn't d__m__n__sh __ __r q__ __l__ty __f l__f__.
10.- Write “T” if the statement is true, or “F” if the statement is false.
a) Natural resource: It is any energy or material that it is useful for human being and that
originate in a natural process.
b) Renewable resources: They are those that waste away and it doesn't give time they can
regenerate.
c) Non renewable resources: They are those that waste away, but given time to their
regeneration.