The document discusses the properties and states of water, explaining that water is essential to life on Earth and can be found naturally in its solid, liquid, and gas forms. It moves continuously through the hydrologic cycle of evaporation, precipitation, and flow towards the oceans due to solar energy and gravity. Proper management of water resources is needed to ensure a sustainable supply of fresh water for all uses including human consumption, agriculture, industry, and recreation.
The document provides a landscape worksheet asking the reader to describe what they can see in the landscape and then complete sentences about the landscape by filling in blanks describing what is in different directions relative to other landscape features such as a lake, bay, fields, and mountain. The reader is meant to visualize the landscape and provide words to describe features that are north, east, south, and west of other landmarks.
The document provides instructions for a pair speaking activity where students will draw landscapes using selected natural and human elements. They are to complete a table describing their own landscape and then ask their partner questions to fill in the table for their partner's landscape. It includes lists of natural and human elements to choose from and sample questions and answers to populate the table.
The document discusses water on Earth. It states that:
- Most of Earth's water is found in oceans and seas, which cover over 70% of the planet's surface. The water in oceans and seas is salty.
- Fresh water is found in glaciers, rivers, lakes, and underground aquifers.
- Water is essential for human life and is used for cooking, drinking, industry, agriculture, and more. It moves between oceans, atmosphere, and land through the water cycle of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and flow towards oceans.
The document discusses the hydrosphere and the water cycle. It defines the hydrosphere as all water on Earth's surface, including oceans (97% of which is salt water), lakes, rivers, groundwater, glaciers, ice caps, and clouds. It describes the three stages of the water cycle: evaporation and transpiration of water into the atmosphere, condensation of water vapor into clouds, and precipitation of water back to the surface through rain, snow, or hail. It also lists some properties of water and ways to conserve water resources.
Precipitation. The rain falling from clouds corresponds to the precipitation step of the water cycle. Other items that correspond to steps include:
- Evaporation from the surface of the ocean/lakes
- Condensation of water vapor into clouds
- Runoff of water flowing into streams/rivers after rain falls on land
- Accumulation of water in oceans, lakes, soil, and groundwater
This document discusses water, its properties, states, and importance for life. It describes the water cycle where water evaporates from oceans and lakes, rises as vapor, condenses to form clouds, and falls as precipitation to collect in bodies of water again. It emphasizes that water is a limited resource and stresses conserving it through practices like fixing leaks, turning off taps, and reusing water. A quiz at the end reviews these key points about water.
The document provides a landscape worksheet asking the reader to describe what they can see in the landscape and then complete sentences about the landscape by filling in blanks describing what is in different directions relative to other landscape features such as a lake, bay, fields, and mountain. The reader is meant to visualize the landscape and provide words to describe features that are north, east, south, and west of other landmarks.
The document provides instructions for a pair speaking activity where students will draw landscapes using selected natural and human elements. They are to complete a table describing their own landscape and then ask their partner questions to fill in the table for their partner's landscape. It includes lists of natural and human elements to choose from and sample questions and answers to populate the table.
The document discusses water on Earth. It states that:
- Most of Earth's water is found in oceans and seas, which cover over 70% of the planet's surface. The water in oceans and seas is salty.
- Fresh water is found in glaciers, rivers, lakes, and underground aquifers.
- Water is essential for human life and is used for cooking, drinking, industry, agriculture, and more. It moves between oceans, atmosphere, and land through the water cycle of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and flow towards oceans.
The document discusses the hydrosphere and the water cycle. It defines the hydrosphere as all water on Earth's surface, including oceans (97% of which is salt water), lakes, rivers, groundwater, glaciers, ice caps, and clouds. It describes the three stages of the water cycle: evaporation and transpiration of water into the atmosphere, condensation of water vapor into clouds, and precipitation of water back to the surface through rain, snow, or hail. It also lists some properties of water and ways to conserve water resources.
Precipitation. The rain falling from clouds corresponds to the precipitation step of the water cycle. Other items that correspond to steps include:
- Evaporation from the surface of the ocean/lakes
- Condensation of water vapor into clouds
- Runoff of water flowing into streams/rivers after rain falls on land
- Accumulation of water in oceans, lakes, soil, and groundwater
This document discusses water, its properties, states, and importance for life. It describes the water cycle where water evaporates from oceans and lakes, rises as vapor, condenses to form clouds, and falls as precipitation to collect in bodies of water again. It emphasizes that water is a limited resource and stresses conserving it through practices like fixing leaks, turning off taps, and reusing water. A quiz at the end reviews these key points about water.
Water makes up a large percentage of the human body and Earth. It has several unique properties that are essential for life. Water is an excellent solvent that can dissolve many substances, enabling nutrients to be transported in living things and waste removed. It has a high specific heat, allowing it to buffer temperatures without much change in its own temperature. Solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water, meaning ice floats, which prevents aquatic life from being trapped under frozen surfaces. These properties make water well-suited as the medium for life on Earth.
This document provides an introduction to desalination. It discusses water scarcity issues driven by growing freshwater use and depletion of resources. It explains that seawater is saline due to minerals dissolved from soil and rocks being deposited in oceans over millions of years. The document then describes different desalination technologies including membrane processes like reverse osmosis and thermal processes like multi-stage flash. It also discusses future options for desalination technology that could improve efficiency and reduce costs.
This document discusses key properties of water and the water cycle. It describes how water's polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds gives it unique properties like having a high heat capacity and existing as a liquid over a wide range of temperatures. These properties are important for moderating Earth's climate and supporting life. The water cycle is driven by the sun and involves processes like evaporation, transpiration, precipitation, runoff, infiltration and storage as fresh water or groundwater before repeating.
"Earthsoft Foundation of Guidance (EFG) is working as an NGO/NPO for students - Education & Career
guidance and for Professionals for soft skills enhancements. We are working speading , sharing
knowledge; experience globally.It has uploaded important presentations at http://myefg.in/downloads.aspx.
Also visit www.slideshare.net and search using key word - earthsoft
Read http://tl.gd/jm1gh5 and view picture http://twitpic.com/cept60
http://www.slideshare.net/rrakhecha/efg-activities-of-one-year27-mar2013
Be mentor using your education, knowledge & experience to contribute for a social cause & do conduct
free training/ workshop seeking help of existing platforms
Kindly spread to your friends.Thank you!
- Earthsoft Foundation of Guidance
Let us make earth little softer..
"
This document discusses various topics related to physical geography of water:
- Water is found on Earth as oceans (97% of water), seas, rivers, lakes, groundwater, and glaciers. It circulates through the water cycle.
- Rivers start from springs, lakes, glaciers or rainfall and flow into larger rivers and basins, providing water and resources for human uses.
- Oceans and seas contain almost all liquid water and provide food, resources, tourism, and transport but are threatened by pollution and overuse.
- Currents, tides, and waves influence ocean water and climate while lakes form inland from precipitation or glaciers, with the largest including the Great Lakes and Lake Victoria.
This document provides an overview of water, including its chemical composition, states, sources, uses, and the water cycle. It notes that water is made of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and covers three fourths of the Earth's surface. However, only 0.01% is available for human consumption due to most being trapped in oceans, glaciers, or unavailable due to pollution. The water cycle involves the four stages of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection, through which water circulates from land to sky and back again.
1. Dissolved oxygen - Low DO can cause fish stress and death.
2. pH - Extreme pH outside the tolerance range of fish can kill them.
3. Ammonia - High ammonia is toxic to fish.
4. Temperature - Sudden temperature changes can shock and kill fish.
Testing these basic water quality parameters will help the students determine if pollution or low oxygen caused the fish kill.
The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, which exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Most water is liquid, with three-quarters of the planet covered by oceans and seas, which are salty. Water also exists as ice sheets and glaciers on land (solid state) and as water vapor in the atmosphere (gas state). The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water between these states through evaporation, precipitation, and collection. Inland waters make up a small percentage of liquid freshwater in rivers, lakes, wetlands, and underground aquifers and glaciers. Oceans and seas are dense and salty due to dissolved mineral salts, and their temperatures and movements vary by latitude,
The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, which exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Most water is liquid, with oceans containing the vast majority as salt water. A small percentage of water is fresh water found in inland lakes, rivers, glaciers, and groundwater. Water cycles between these states through the hydrologic cycle of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and collection. It is an essential component of all life on our planet.
The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, which exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Most water is liquid, with oceans containing salt water and inland waters like lakes and rivers containing fresh water. Water cycles between these states through evaporation, precipitation, and collection. It moves through oceans and inland waters in waves, tides, currents, and river flows. Groundwater also exists underground within aquifers and is replenished by rain and snowmelt.
The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, which exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Most solid water is ice found in glaciers and polar ice caps. Liquid water makes up oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers. Water vapor is the gas state found in the atmosphere through evaporation. The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water between these states through evaporation, precipitation, and collection. Inland fresh water includes rivers, lakes, wetlands, and groundwater stored underground in aquifers. Salt water found in oceans and seas is denser and varies in temperature based on depth and latitude. Tides and ocean currents influence the regular movement of seas.
Water is a common chemical substance that is essential to all known forms of ...puvakrish
This document discusses water, including its chemical properties, distribution on Earth, and importance to life. Key points:
- Water is a polar molecule made of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. It exists in solid, liquid, and gas forms and has unique properties like surface tension and polarity that make it essential for life.
- Most of Earth's water is located in oceans, with smaller amounts in ice caps, groundwater, lakes/rivers, and the atmosphere. Water cycles through evaporation, precipitation, and runoff.
- Water's properties allow it to moderate climate and serve as a solvent, making it vital for all known lifeforms, which have mostly developed on Earth within the liquid water zone suitable for life.
Ocean water is a mixture of gases, salts, and minerals dissolved in water. The average salinity is 35 parts per thousand, ranging from 33-38 ppt depending on evaporation and freshwater input. Salinity increases with depth and influences ocean layering, with warmer, fresher water at the surface and colder, saltier water in the deep zone. Density increases with depth and salinity, and decreases with temperature, influencing global ocean circulation patterns.
Water is the most abundant liquid on Earth, covering about 70% of the planet's surface. It has unique physical properties like a high heat capacity and heat of vaporization. Water exists in three states - liquid, solid (ice), and gas (water vapor) - and its density peaks at 3.98°C in its liquid form. In addition to moderating Earth's climate, water is widely used as a coolant in power plants and heat exchange systems due to its heat transfer abilities.
Unit 2 the importanceofwaterandriverspp(revised2006)mpiskel
This document discusses water and rivers, including key concepts like the water cycle, characteristics of rivers, and how humans interact with and impact rivers. It explains that water cycles through evaporation, transpiration, precipitation, and either infiltration into the ground or runoff into rivers. Rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediment over time. Humans can help rivers through conservation but also harm them with pollution and activities like channelization that disrupt natural processes.
The document summarizes the hydrosphere, or Earth's water system. It describes the three states water can be in - solid, liquid, and gas. Most water is found as liquid in oceans and seas, which covers about three quarters of the planet's surface. Water also exists as solid ice in glaciers and polar ice caps, and as a gas in the form of water vapor in the atmosphere. The water cycle describes how water is continuously circulated and recycled between these states through evaporation, transportation by wind and air currents, precipitation, and collection in rivers, lakes, oceans, and underground. Fresh water makes up a small percentage and is found in rivers, lakes, wetlands, and underground aquifers and glac
The document discusses water pollution and freshwater treatment. It covers the hydrologic cycle and sources of fresh water. Various types of water pollution are described, including biodegradable organic substances, nutrients, pathogens, salinity, heavy metals, and thermal pollution. The document also discusses parameters for characterizing water quality, such as pH, alkalinity, hardness, and methods for measuring biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. Wastewater treatment methods including preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary treatments are also outlined.
Introduction to water treatment, objectives for water treatment, water pollution and its effects on human health, BIS values for drinking water, Types of intake Structures.
Water exists in three states - liquid, solid (ice), and gas (steam). It is vital for life on Earth, covering 71% of the planet's surface, though only 2.5% is freshwater. The presentation by Nejc Grbec and Gašper Jugovac from Slovenia discusses the water cycle and different types of water found on Earth, including saltwater in oceans and seas, freshwater in lakes and rivers, steam used for power and sterilization, and ice used for sports and food preservation.
The document discusses the unique properties of water that make it essential for life on Earth. It notes that water is 70% of the human body and is crucial for all living things. Unlike other liquids, water freezes from the top down, allowing life to exist beneath ice sheets. If water froze from the bottom up, oceans would become solid ice, making life impossible. The document argues these properties show water was specially designed for life and that this was revealed in the Quran centuries ago.
UNIT 09.- THE BIODIVERSITY AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION (Worksheet) Toribio Florez Lopez
Here are the answers:
1. Adaptation is the change in living organisms that allow them to live successfully in an environment. There are several types of adaptations:
- Adaptations to move: The extremities change form according to the environment in which the animal lives: fins or paws in form of oars in the aquatic animals, wings for the air environment, running paws and extremities to climb in the terrestrial environment, etc
- Adaptations to feed: Plants have roots and animals have different types of dentures or beaks according to their feeding.
- Adaptations to breathe: According to the animal type and the environment where they live, animals have different organs to breathe: lungs for the air environment, gills
The document provides information about the universe, what composes the universe, constellations, units of measurement used by astronomers, and details about the solar system. It explains that the universe is made up of galaxies, nebulas, stars, planets, and other celestial bodies. It describes the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system and notes that Galileo proved the heliocentric model. It provides details about the sun, planets, dwarf planets, comets, asteroids, and satellites that make up the solar system. Finally, it discusses the difference between natural and artificial satellites and defines key terms.
Water makes up a large percentage of the human body and Earth. It has several unique properties that are essential for life. Water is an excellent solvent that can dissolve many substances, enabling nutrients to be transported in living things and waste removed. It has a high specific heat, allowing it to buffer temperatures without much change in its own temperature. Solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water, meaning ice floats, which prevents aquatic life from being trapped under frozen surfaces. These properties make water well-suited as the medium for life on Earth.
This document provides an introduction to desalination. It discusses water scarcity issues driven by growing freshwater use and depletion of resources. It explains that seawater is saline due to minerals dissolved from soil and rocks being deposited in oceans over millions of years. The document then describes different desalination technologies including membrane processes like reverse osmosis and thermal processes like multi-stage flash. It also discusses future options for desalination technology that could improve efficiency and reduce costs.
This document discusses key properties of water and the water cycle. It describes how water's polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds gives it unique properties like having a high heat capacity and existing as a liquid over a wide range of temperatures. These properties are important for moderating Earth's climate and supporting life. The water cycle is driven by the sun and involves processes like evaporation, transpiration, precipitation, runoff, infiltration and storage as fresh water or groundwater before repeating.
"Earthsoft Foundation of Guidance (EFG) is working as an NGO/NPO for students - Education & Career
guidance and for Professionals for soft skills enhancements. We are working speading , sharing
knowledge; experience globally.It has uploaded important presentations at http://myefg.in/downloads.aspx.
Also visit www.slideshare.net and search using key word - earthsoft
Read http://tl.gd/jm1gh5 and view picture http://twitpic.com/cept60
http://www.slideshare.net/rrakhecha/efg-activities-of-one-year27-mar2013
Be mentor using your education, knowledge & experience to contribute for a social cause & do conduct
free training/ workshop seeking help of existing platforms
Kindly spread to your friends.Thank you!
- Earthsoft Foundation of Guidance
Let us make earth little softer..
"
This document discusses various topics related to physical geography of water:
- Water is found on Earth as oceans (97% of water), seas, rivers, lakes, groundwater, and glaciers. It circulates through the water cycle.
- Rivers start from springs, lakes, glaciers or rainfall and flow into larger rivers and basins, providing water and resources for human uses.
- Oceans and seas contain almost all liquid water and provide food, resources, tourism, and transport but are threatened by pollution and overuse.
- Currents, tides, and waves influence ocean water and climate while lakes form inland from precipitation or glaciers, with the largest including the Great Lakes and Lake Victoria.
This document provides an overview of water, including its chemical composition, states, sources, uses, and the water cycle. It notes that water is made of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and covers three fourths of the Earth's surface. However, only 0.01% is available for human consumption due to most being trapped in oceans, glaciers, or unavailable due to pollution. The water cycle involves the four stages of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection, through which water circulates from land to sky and back again.
1. Dissolved oxygen - Low DO can cause fish stress and death.
2. pH - Extreme pH outside the tolerance range of fish can kill them.
3. Ammonia - High ammonia is toxic to fish.
4. Temperature - Sudden temperature changes can shock and kill fish.
Testing these basic water quality parameters will help the students determine if pollution or low oxygen caused the fish kill.
The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, which exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Most water is liquid, with three-quarters of the planet covered by oceans and seas, which are salty. Water also exists as ice sheets and glaciers on land (solid state) and as water vapor in the atmosphere (gas state). The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water between these states through evaporation, precipitation, and collection. Inland waters make up a small percentage of liquid freshwater in rivers, lakes, wetlands, and underground aquifers and glaciers. Oceans and seas are dense and salty due to dissolved mineral salts, and their temperatures and movements vary by latitude,
The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, which exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Most water is liquid, with oceans containing the vast majority as salt water. A small percentage of water is fresh water found in inland lakes, rivers, glaciers, and groundwater. Water cycles between these states through the hydrologic cycle of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and collection. It is an essential component of all life on our planet.
The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, which exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Most water is liquid, with oceans containing salt water and inland waters like lakes and rivers containing fresh water. Water cycles between these states through evaporation, precipitation, and collection. It moves through oceans and inland waters in waves, tides, currents, and river flows. Groundwater also exists underground within aquifers and is replenished by rain and snowmelt.
The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, which exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Most solid water is ice found in glaciers and polar ice caps. Liquid water makes up oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers. Water vapor is the gas state found in the atmosphere through evaporation. The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water between these states through evaporation, precipitation, and collection. Inland fresh water includes rivers, lakes, wetlands, and groundwater stored underground in aquifers. Salt water found in oceans and seas is denser and varies in temperature based on depth and latitude. Tides and ocean currents influence the regular movement of seas.
Water is a common chemical substance that is essential to all known forms of ...puvakrish
This document discusses water, including its chemical properties, distribution on Earth, and importance to life. Key points:
- Water is a polar molecule made of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. It exists in solid, liquid, and gas forms and has unique properties like surface tension and polarity that make it essential for life.
- Most of Earth's water is located in oceans, with smaller amounts in ice caps, groundwater, lakes/rivers, and the atmosphere. Water cycles through evaporation, precipitation, and runoff.
- Water's properties allow it to moderate climate and serve as a solvent, making it vital for all known lifeforms, which have mostly developed on Earth within the liquid water zone suitable for life.
Ocean water is a mixture of gases, salts, and minerals dissolved in water. The average salinity is 35 parts per thousand, ranging from 33-38 ppt depending on evaporation and freshwater input. Salinity increases with depth and influences ocean layering, with warmer, fresher water at the surface and colder, saltier water in the deep zone. Density increases with depth and salinity, and decreases with temperature, influencing global ocean circulation patterns.
Water is the most abundant liquid on Earth, covering about 70% of the planet's surface. It has unique physical properties like a high heat capacity and heat of vaporization. Water exists in three states - liquid, solid (ice), and gas (water vapor) - and its density peaks at 3.98°C in its liquid form. In addition to moderating Earth's climate, water is widely used as a coolant in power plants and heat exchange systems due to its heat transfer abilities.
Unit 2 the importanceofwaterandriverspp(revised2006)mpiskel
This document discusses water and rivers, including key concepts like the water cycle, characteristics of rivers, and how humans interact with and impact rivers. It explains that water cycles through evaporation, transpiration, precipitation, and either infiltration into the ground or runoff into rivers. Rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediment over time. Humans can help rivers through conservation but also harm them with pollution and activities like channelization that disrupt natural processes.
The document summarizes the hydrosphere, or Earth's water system. It describes the three states water can be in - solid, liquid, and gas. Most water is found as liquid in oceans and seas, which covers about three quarters of the planet's surface. Water also exists as solid ice in glaciers and polar ice caps, and as a gas in the form of water vapor in the atmosphere. The water cycle describes how water is continuously circulated and recycled between these states through evaporation, transportation by wind and air currents, precipitation, and collection in rivers, lakes, oceans, and underground. Fresh water makes up a small percentage and is found in rivers, lakes, wetlands, and underground aquifers and glac
The document discusses water pollution and freshwater treatment. It covers the hydrologic cycle and sources of fresh water. Various types of water pollution are described, including biodegradable organic substances, nutrients, pathogens, salinity, heavy metals, and thermal pollution. The document also discusses parameters for characterizing water quality, such as pH, alkalinity, hardness, and methods for measuring biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. Wastewater treatment methods including preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary treatments are also outlined.
Introduction to water treatment, objectives for water treatment, water pollution and its effects on human health, BIS values for drinking water, Types of intake Structures.
Water exists in three states - liquid, solid (ice), and gas (steam). It is vital for life on Earth, covering 71% of the planet's surface, though only 2.5% is freshwater. The presentation by Nejc Grbec and Gašper Jugovac from Slovenia discusses the water cycle and different types of water found on Earth, including saltwater in oceans and seas, freshwater in lakes and rivers, steam used for power and sterilization, and ice used for sports and food preservation.
The document discusses the unique properties of water that make it essential for life on Earth. It notes that water is 70% of the human body and is crucial for all living things. Unlike other liquids, water freezes from the top down, allowing life to exist beneath ice sheets. If water froze from the bottom up, oceans would become solid ice, making life impossible. The document argues these properties show water was specially designed for life and that this was revealed in the Quran centuries ago.
Similar to UNIT 06.- LA HIDROSFERA _Worksheet_ (20)
UNIT 09.- THE BIODIVERSITY AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION (Worksheet) Toribio Florez Lopez
Here are the answers:
1. Adaptation is the change in living organisms that allow them to live successfully in an environment. There are several types of adaptations:
- Adaptations to move: The extremities change form according to the environment in which the animal lives: fins or paws in form of oars in the aquatic animals, wings for the air environment, running paws and extremities to climb in the terrestrial environment, etc
- Adaptations to feed: Plants have roots and animals have different types of dentures or beaks according to their feeding.
- Adaptations to breathe: According to the animal type and the environment where they live, animals have different organs to breathe: lungs for the air environment, gills
The document provides information about the universe, what composes the universe, constellations, units of measurement used by astronomers, and details about the solar system. It explains that the universe is made up of galaxies, nebulas, stars, planets, and other celestial bodies. It describes the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system and notes that Galileo proved the heliocentric model. It provides details about the sun, planets, dwarf planets, comets, asteroids, and satellites that make up the solar system. Finally, it discusses the difference between natural and artificial satellites and defines key terms.
1. The document discusses the properties of matter and how it is measured. It explains that all matter in the universe is made up of the same basic materials, including what forms the Earth, Moon, Jupiter, and Sun.
2. Matter is defined as anything that has mass and volume. Properties include specific properties that differentiate materials from each other, like color and size, as well as general properties all matter shares, such as mass and volume.
3. Measurement is described as comparing a property or magnitude of matter, like length, mass, or time, to a standard unit within the International System of Units. Common units include meters, kilograms, and seconds.
The document discusses the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas. It explains that matter is made up of particles that are in continuous motion. The properties of the particles, including their arrangement and attraction forces, vary between the different states. Solids have tightly packed, ordered particles that do not flow and cannot be compressed. Liquids have disordered particles that flow and take the shape of their container. Gases have widely separated particles that are highly compressible and will expand to fill any available space.
The document contains vocabulary activities related to various science topics including the universe, Earth, matter, living things, plants and fungi, water and atmosphere. The activities include lists of scientific terms, definitions, abbreviations, and singular/plural forms in both English and Spanish. The vocabulary covers topics such as galaxies, minerals, cells, ecosystems, weather, climate change and more.
The document discusses the history of models of the solar system. For thousands of years, the geocentric model placed Earth at the center. Ptolemy created an influential geocentric model in the 2nd century AD. In 1543, Copernicus published a heliocentric model placing the Sun at the center, though he was afraid to publish it while alive due to religious opposition. Galileo's observations of Jupiter's moons in 1609 provided further evidence supporting the heliocentric model.
The document discusses various topics related to the Earth and its movement in space. It describes the moon's phases and movements around the Earth. It also discusses eclipses of the moon and sun which occur when one celestial body blocks the sun's or moon's light from reaching the Earth. The document notes that tides on Earth are caused by gravitational forces from the moon and sun, and are highest during spring tides when their forces are aligned. It provides information about the Earth's rotation and revolution around the sun which cause day/night and seasons. Additional topics covered include constellations, layers of the Earth, natural resources, and sustainable development.
Este documento describe los diferentes tipos de cuerpos geométricos. Explica que los poliedros son cuerpos formados por caras planas y se clasifican en prismas y pirámides. También describe los cinco poliedros regulares. Además, define los cuerpos de revolución como aquellos formados por una superficie que gira alrededor de un eje, incluyendo cilindros, conos y esferas. Por último, explica las unidades de medida de volumen como metro cúbico, decímetro cúbico y cent
The document summarizes key information about minerals and rocks found in Earth's crust, including:
- Minerals are solid substances with a defined chemical composition that can be expressed with a formula, while rocks do not have a defined composition.
- Common elements in minerals include oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium. Silicates are formed from oxygen and silicon, and other compounds contain other elements.
- Physical properties of minerals include density, hardness, color, luster, cleavage, and transparency.
- Minerals can be useful as ores for extracting metals like iron, copper, lead, zinc, and aluminum or as non-metallic materials for construction, jewelry
The Power of a Glamping Go-To-Market Accelerator Plan.pptxRezStream
Unlock the secrets to success with our comprehensive 8-Step Glamping Accelerator Go-To-Market Plan! Watch our FREE webinar, where you'll receive expert guidance and invaluable insights on every aspect of launching and growing your glamping business.
How To Talk To a Live Person at American Airlinesflyn goo
This page by FlynGoo can become your ultimate guide to connecting with a live person at American Airlines. Have you ever felt lost in the automated maze of customer service menus? FlynGoo is here to rescue you from endless phone trees and automated responses. With just a click or a call to a specific number, we ensure you get the human touch you deserve. No more frustration, no more waiting on hold - we simplify the process, making your travel experience smoother and more enjoyable.
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Planning to climb Mount Kilimanjaro is an exciting yet detailed process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you prepare for this incredible adventure.
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Wayanad-The-Touristry-Heaven to the tour.pptxcosmo-soil
Wayanad, nestled in Kerala's Western Ghats, is a lush paradise renowned for its scenic landscapes, rich biodiversity, and cultural heritage. From trekking Chembra Peak to exploring ancient Edakkal Caves, Wayanad offers thrilling adventures and serene experiences. Its vibrant economy, driven by agriculture and tourism, highlights a harmonious blend of nature, tradition, and modernity.
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Assessing the Influence of Transportation on the Tourism Industry in Nigeriagsochially
This research dissertation investigates the complex interplay between transportation and the tourism industry in Nigeria, aiming to unravel critical insights that contribute to the enhancement of the overall tourist experience. The study employs a multi-faceted approach, literature review establishes a robust theoretical framework, incorporating The Service Quality and Satisfaction Theory to guide the research questions and hypotheses.
The methodology involves the distribution of a structured questionnaire, ensuring a representative sample and facilitating a comprehensive analysis of the gathered data.
Key findings include the nuanced perceptions of transportation infrastructure adequacy, safety and security concerns, financial influences on travel decisions, and the cultural and ecological impacts of transportation choices. These findings culminate in a comprehensive set of recommendations for policymakers and practitioners in the Nigerian tourism industry. The findings contribute to the existing literature by providing actionable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers in the Nigerian tourism sector.
The recommendations encompass gender-sensitive planning, infrastructure enhancements, safety measures, and strategic interventions to address financial constraints, ensuring a holistic and sustainable development of the tourism industry in Nigeria.
Author: Imafidon Osademwingie Martins
1. UNIT: 6.- LA HIDROSFERA
EL AGUA ES UNA SUSTANCIA ASOMBROSA.
• El agua: Es una sustancia muy común en la Tierra y en otros lugares del Universo. En la tierra es la única sustancia
que se encuentra en los tres estados de forma natural.
Es un compuesto químico formado por moléculas. Cada molécula está formada por dos átomos de hidrógeno y un
átomo de oxígeno (H2O).
La forma y la naturaleza de su molécula le dan al agua propiedades asombrosas:
- Al bajar la temperatura de 4 ºC a 0 ºC, el agua se dilata (lo contrario que las demás sustancias). Esto hace que
cuando se congela (a los 0 ºC), la densidad disminuye.
- El agua congelada, al tener menos densidad, flota en el agua líquida. Gracias a esto, en ríos, lagos y mares, los
peces pueden vivir en invierno aunque la superficie esté congelada.
PROPIEDADES DEL AGUA.
• El agua como disolvente: El agua es el mejor disolvente conocido. Lo disuelve casi todo, menos las grasas.
• Salinidad del agua: El agua puede disolver sales minerales, la cantidad de sales minerales disuelta en agua se llama
salinidad.
- Agua dulce: Se llama agua dulce si contiene menos de un 1 % de sales disuelta.
- Agua salada: Se llama agua salada si contiene más de un 1 % de sales disuelta.
• Propiedades térmicas del agua: El agua necesita mucho calor para que su temperatura aumente, pero también pierde
calor muy despacio (las demás sustancias pierden calor más rápidamente).
LOS ESTADOS DEL AGUA.
• El agua en estado líquido: La mayor parte del agua de la Tierra está en estado líquido.
El agua líquida se encuentra en:
- Océanos y mares: están formados por agua salada y cubre las tres cuartas partes de la superficie de la Tierra.
- Aguas continentales: están formadas generalmente por agua dulce. La encontramos en: ríos, lagos, arroyos,
torrentes, lagunas, charcas, pozos, aguas subterráneas, etc.
- Las nubes: están formadas por acumulaciones de pequeñísimas gotas de agua dulce.
• Agua en estado gaseoso: Es una mínima parte del total y forma parte de la atmósfera.
• Agua en estado sólido: La mayor parte del agua en estado sólido se concentra en las regiones polares. El resto está en
zonas muy frías, como las cumbres de las montañas.
Se distribuye así:
- Las banquisas polares: son las capas de hielo que cubren los océanos Ártico y Antártico (en los Polos Norte y
Sur).
- Los glaciares: son grandes masas de hielo, acumuladas sobre la Tierra.
EL CICLO DEL AGUA.
• Ciclo del agua: La energía del Sol y la gravedad hacen que el agua de la Tierra esté en continuo movimiento.
Tiene tres grandes etapas:
1.- El agua pasa a la atmósfera: la energía del Sol calienta el agua de océanos, mares, ríos, lagos, etc. El agua se
evapora y pasa a la atmósfera.
Los seres vivos con su
transpiración también transmiten
agua a la atmósfera.
2.- El agua vuelve a la superficie
terrestre: Al llegar a las capas altas
y frías de la troposfera, el vapor de
agua se enfría y se condensa. Se
forman las nubes y el viento las
desplaza.
En determinadas condiciones, el
agua cae en forma de lluvia, nieve o
granizo.
3.- El agua circula por la corteza
terrestre: La gravedad terrestre
hace que el agua se desplace hacia
abajo. Se forman: torrentes, arroyos,
ríos, etc. hasta llegar a lagos, mares u
océanos.
Parte de esta agua se infiltra y
forma las aguas subterráneas.
2. USOS DEL AGUA.
• ¿Para qué usamos el agua?: El consumo de agua se ha incrementado alarmantemente.
La usamos para:
- Satisfacer las necesidades básicas: alimentación, higiene, etc. (unos 5 litros diarios por
persona).
- Mejorar nuestra calidad de vida: lavar, limpiar, etc. (unos 80 litros diarios por persona).
- Generar riqueza: agricultura, industria, transporte, etc. (unos 3.200 litros diarios por
persona).
- Actividades recreativas: mantenimiento de instalaciones, etc.
Para la mayor parte de estas actividades se necesita agua potable. El agua potable es una
pequeñísima parte del agua terrestre (el 2,5 %).
DESTRUIMOS LA HIDROSFERA.
• Contaminación de las aguas: Es cualquier alteración de las propiedades del agua que puede
perjudicar nuestra salud y la de los demás seres vivos. Esta contaminación se puede producir por
vertidos de aguas residuales, vertidos de sustancias químicas, metales, plásticos, pilas, etc.
• Agotamiento de las reservas: Si consumimos el agua a un ritmo mayor al de su regeneración.
• Modificación del entorno: Grandes construcciones como presas, embalses o carreteras pueden
modificar profundamente el paisaje.
GESTIÓN DEL AGUA.
• Agua de calidad para todos: Debemos vigilar la calidad de las aguas y comprometernos en su
cuidado:
- En ríos, lagos, embalses, aguas subterráneas, etc. debemos evitar arrojar sustancias
contaminantes y no debemos transformar los cauces naturales.
- Ahorro de agua sobre todo en la agricultura, industrias y en los hogares.
- Depurar y reutilizar las aguas, para ello debemos depurar el agua de las ciudades antes de
verterla sobre ríos o mares, o utilizarla para riego o limpieza de las calles.
• Medidas para gestión sostenible del agua:
1.- Extracción racional: Es decir coger el agua en épocas de abundancia y almacenarla para las
épocas de escasez.
2.- Tratamiento y distribución: Para que llegue a todos los puntos en cantidad suficiente y en las
condiciones adecuadas.
3.- Reducción del consumo: Por medio de ahorro en agricultura, industria y en nuestros hogares.
4.- Depuración de las aguas residuales: Para que se puedan reutilizar o ser vertida a la naturaleza
sin que peligre la salud de las personas ni de los ecosistemas.
3. NAME: _________________________________________ DATE: ________ 1º ESO ___ (Bilingual)
UNIT: 6.- THE HYDROSPHERE
WATER IS AN AMAZING SUBSTANCE.
• Water: is a very common substance on the Earth and in other places of the Universe. On Earth, it
is the only substance that can be found in the three states in a natural way.
It is a chemical compound formed by molecules. Each molecule is formed by two atoms of
hydrogen and one oxygen atom (H2O).
The form and the nature of its molecules give water some astonishing properties:
- When the temperature goes down from 4 ºC to 0 ºC, water expands (the opposite of the other
substances). Therefore, when it freezes (at 0 ºC), the density diminishes.
- Frozen water, having a lower density, floats on liquid water. Thanks to this, in rivers, lakes and
seas, fish can live in winter although the surface is frozen.
1.- Copy this information:
2.- Translate the following words:
Water: molecule:
Hydrogen oxygen:
Atom: chemical compound:
Expand: density:
Frozen water: frozen surface:
3.- Look at the picture on the right and draw a water molecule
4.- How is the water molecule formed?:
5.- Why does ice float?
Answer: Ice floats because frozen water, when having
__________ density, _________ on the liquid water.
6.- Why is it important that the ice floats?:
4. 7.- Which is the chemical formula of water:
8.- Complete:
The ________ and the ___________ of its molecules give ____________ some astonishing
properties:
- When the __________________ goes down from ________ to ________, water ____________
(the opposite of the other substances). Therefore, that when it ______________ (at 0 ºC), the
_____________ diminishes.
-___________ water, having a lower ____________, _________ on _______________________.
Thanks to this, in rivers, lakes and seas, _________ can live in winter although the surface is
_____________.
9.- Why is water an amazing substance?
10.- Look at the chart and complete the graphic. Use a red pen for water, a blue pen for iron and a
black pen for aluminium.
-5 ºC -4 ºC -3 ºC -2 ºC -1 ºC 0 ºC 1 ºC 2 ºC 3 ºC 4 ºC 5 ºC 6 ºC 7 ºC 8 ºC 9 ºC
Water 1cm3 1.1cm3 1.2cm3 1.3cm3 1.4cm 1.5cm 1.4cm 1.3cm 1.2cm 1.1cm 1.2cm 1.3cm 1.4cm 1.5cm3 1.6cm3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Iron 1cm3 1.05cm3 1.1cm3 1.15cm3 1.2cm3 1.25cm3 1.3cm3 1.35cm3 1.4cm3 1.45cm3 1.5cm3 1.55cm3 1.6cm3 1.65cm3 1.7cm3
Aluminium 1cm3 1.1cm3 1.2cm3 1.3cm3 1.4cm3 1.5cm3 1.6cm3 1.7cm3 1.8cm3 1.9cm3 2cm3 2.1cm3 2.2cm3 2.3cm3 2.4cm3
10º C
9º C
8º C
7º C
6º C
5º C
4º C
3º C
2º C
1º C
0º C
–1º C
–2º C
–3º C
–4º C
–5º C
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
3
Volume (cm )
5. NAME: _________________________________________ DATE: ________ 1º ESO ___ (Bilingual)
PROPERTIES OF WATER.
• Water as a solvent: Water is the best known solvent. It dissolves almost everything, except fats.
• Salinity of water: Water can dissolve mineral salts, the quantity of mineral salts dissolved in water
is called salinity.
- Fresh water: It is called fresh water if it contains less than 1 % of dissolved salts.
- Salt water: It is called salt water if it contains more than 1 % of dissolved salts.
• Thermal properties of water: Water needs a lot of heat for its temperature to increase, but it also
loses heat very slowly (the other substances lose heat more quickly).
1.- Copy this information:
2.- Translate the following words:
Solvent: fats:
Salinity: fresh water:
Salt water: thermal properties:
3.- Complete:
____________ of water: Water can dissolve ___________________, the quantity of mineral
salts dissolved in water is called ______________.
- _________ water: It is called fresh water if it contains ______than ____ of dissolved salts.
- _________ water: It is called salted water if it contains ______ than ____ of dissolved salts.
4.- Write down whether the water in the pictures is fresh water or salt water.
5.- What is fresh water?
6.- What is salt water?
6. 7.- If water dissolves these substances write “Yes”. If water doesn’t dissolve these substances write
“No”
8.- What are the differences between the thermal properties of water and the thermal properties
of other substances?
9.-Why is water a good solvent?
10.- Look at these pictures. The percentage is the salinity of each glass of water. Write down ‘fresh
water’ or ‘salt water’
0.1 %
1.1 %
2.1 % 0.7 % 0.99 %
0.19 % 2.01 % 3.1 %
1.01 % 10.1 %
7. NAME: _________________________________________ DATE: ________ 1º ESO ___ (Bilingual)
THE STATES OF WATER.
• Water in liquid state: Most of the water on the Earth is in liquid state.
There is liquid water in:
- Oceans and seas: They are formed by salt water and cover three fourths of the Earth’s surface.
- Continental water: It is generally formed by fresh water. We find it in: rivers, lakes, streams,
torrents, lagoons, ponds, wells, underground waters, etc.
- The clouds: they are formed by accumulations of very small drops of fresh water.
• Water in gaseous state: It is a minimum part and it is part of the atmosphere.
• Water in solid state: Most of the water in its solid state is concentrated in the Polar Regions. The
rest is located in very cold areas for example on mountain tops.
It is spread this way:
- The polar icefields: they are the ice layers that cover the Artic and Antarctic oceans (in the
North and South Poles).
- The glaciers they are big masses of ice, accumulated on the Earth
1.- Copy this information:
2.- Translate:
Liquid state: solid state: North Pole:
Gaseous state: oceans: Glaciers:
Seas: continental water: underground waters:
Rivers: torrents: Icefields:
Lakes: lagoons: Cloud:
3.- Complete:
a) __________ in liquid state: Most of the water of the Earth is in _________________.
There is liquid water in:
b) ____________ and ___________: they are formed by _____________________ and cover
_______________________ of the Earth’s surface.
c) ______________________ water: It is generally formed by ______________________. We
find it in: __________, lakes, streams, ____________, ______________, ponds, wells,
_________________ waters, etc.
8. 4.- Match the three columns with arrows
Rivers
Lakes Solid state:
Fresh water Oceans
Torrents
Water vapor Gaseous state:
Lagoons
Salt water Glaciers
Seas Liquid state
Polar icefields
5.- How much salt water is there on the Earth?
6.- What are the glaciers?
7.- What are the polar icefields?
8.- Where are the icefields?
9.- Order the water on the Earth from the highest amount to the lowest amount: ‘liquid state’,
‘gaseous state’, ‘solid state’
1.- ________________________
2.- ________________________
3.- ________________________
10.- a) Where is the liquid water found?
b) Where is the gaseous water found?
c) Where is the solid water found?
9. NAME: _________________________________________ DATE: ________ 1º ESO ___ (Bilingual)
THE WATER CYCLE.
• The water cycle: Solar energy and gravity put the water of the Earth in continuous movement.
It has three big stages:
1.- The water goes up into the atmosphere: Solar energy heats the water of oceans, seas, rivers,
lakes, etc. The water evaporates and goes up into the atmosphere.
The living beings also transmit water to the atmosphere with their transpiration.
2.- The water returns to the terrestrial surface: When it arrives to the high and cold layers of the
troposphere, the water vapor
cools down and condenses.
Clouds are formed and the
wind makes them move.
Under certain conditions,
the water falls down in the
form of rain, snow or hail.
3.- The water circulates
through the terrestrial
crust: The terrestrial gravity
makes the water move down.
Torrents, streams, rivers, etc.
are formed, until they arrive
to lakes, seas or oceans.
A part of this water
infiltrates and forms the
underground waters.
1.- Copy this information (only the text):
2.- Translate the following words:
the water Cycle: water storage in oceans:
Gravity: Evaporation:
Precipitation: Infiltration:
Ground water storage: Surface runoff:
10. 3.- Complete:
The water cycle has three big stages:
1.- The water _____________________________________________________________
2.- The water _____________________________________________________________
3.- The water _____________________________________________________________
4.- Draw the water cycle and write down the words in English (with a red pen) and in Spanish
(with a blue pen):
5.- What does the water cycle put in continuous movement?
6.- How do the living beings transmit water to the atmosphere?
7.- How does the water return to the Earth’s surface?
8.- How does the water circulate through the terrestrial surface?
9.- What are the underground waters?
10.- The water falls down as: ________________, ___________________ or ___________.
11. NAME: _________________________________________ DATE: ________ 1º ESO ___ (Bilingual)
USES OF WATER.
• What do we use the water for?: The consumption of water has increased alarmingly.
We use it:
- To satisfy the basic needs: feeding, hygiene, etc. (about 5 daily liters per person).
- To improve our quality of life: to wash, to clean, etc. (about 80 daily liters per person).
- To generate wealth: agriculture, industry, transport, etc. (about 3,200 daily liters per person).
- For recreational activities: maintenance of facilities, etc.
For most of these activities drinkable water is needed. Drinkable water forms a very small part of
the terrestrial water (2.5 %).
1.- Copy this information:
2.- Translate:
Recreational activities: Consumption:
Maintenance of facilities: To wash:
Drinkable water: To clean:
basic necessities: Generate wealth:
3.- Write a “T” if the phrase is true and “F” if the phrase is false.
a) The consumption of water has increased alarmingly.
b) We use water to satisfy the basic arithmetic.
c) To generate wealth about 100 daily liters per person are used.
d) Drinkable water forms a very small part of the terrestrial water.
4.- How many liters of water do we need to satisfy the basic needs?:
5.- Is the terrestrial water drinkable?
12. WE ARE DESTROYING THE HYDROSPHERE.
Water pollution: It is any alteration of the properties of water that can harm our health and the health
of other living beings. This pollution can be produced by waste waters, chemical substances, metals,
plastics, batteries, etc. .
• Exhaustion of the reserves: If we consume water faster than it regenerates.
• Changes of the environment: Big constructions like dams, reservoirs or highways can gravely
modify the landscape.
6.- Translate the following words:
Water pollution: Chemical substances:
Exhaustion of the reserves: Changes of the environment:
Batteries: waste waters:
7.- Complete:
Water __________________: It is any alteration of the _______________ of _________ that can harm
our _____________ and the hearth of other ___________ __________. This pollution can be produced
by __________________, chemical substances, metals, ___________, ____________, etc.
8.- What can change the environment?
9.- When can there be an exhaustion of the reserves?
10.- Write below every picture “polluted landscape” or “non polluted landscape”.
13. NAME: _________________________________________ DATE: ________ 1º ESO ___ (Bilingual)
WATER MANAGEMENT.
• Quality water for all: We should watch over the quality of the water and commit to take care of it:
- In rivers, lakes, reservoirs, underground waters, etc. we should avoid putting in polluting
substances and we should not transform the natural riverbeds.
- Saving water mainly in agriculture, industries and in homes.
- To purify and to recycle water, we should purify the water of the cities before draining it into
rivers or seas, or use it for watering or cleaning the streets.
• Measures for sustainable water management:
1.- Rational extraction: That is to say to catch the water in times of abundance and to store it for
times of shortage.
2.- Treatment and distribution: So that it arrives to all the points with quantity and in the
appropriate condition.
3.- Reduce the consumption: By means of saving in agriculture, industry and in our homes.
4.- Purification of the waste waters: So that it can be reused or drained into nature without
endangering people’s health or the ecosystems.
1.- Copy the measures for sustainable water management:
2.- Translate the following words:
Quality water: Agriculture, industry and home:
Rational extraction: Purification of the waste water:
Riverbed: Reduce consumption:
Ecosystems: Sustainable water management:
3.- Complete:
Measures for sustainable management ______________:
a) _____________________: That is to say to catch the water in times of abundance and to store it for
times of shortage.
b) _______________________: So that it arrives to all the points with enough quantity and in the
appropriate condition.
c) ____________________________: By means of saving in agriculture, industry and in our homes.
d) ____________________________: So that it can be reused or drained into nature without
endangering people’s health or the ecosystems.
4.- How can we reduce consumption?:
14. 5.- Should we purify the waste waters?:
Answer: Yes, So that it can be reused __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
6.- How can we have quality water for all?:
_____________________________________________, ___________________________________
and __________________________________________.
7.- What does ‘rational extraction’ mean?
8.- Where do we mainly save water?:
9.- When should we purify the water?
10.- Draw a clean landscape and then the same landscape contaminated