It gives info about all the thing need to learn about cell and micro oragnism

1. Science: 11.cell
structure And micro-
organism.

2. Contents
• Questionnaire .
• Cell.
• History of cells.
• Measurement & observation of cells.
• Cell size .
• Plant cell & Animal cell .
• Micro-organisms .
• Occurrence of micro-organisms .
• Nature of micro organisms.
• Types of cells
• Pathogens.

3. ◆ Questionnaire
• What is the name of minute components of
which our body is made up of ?
~All the living organism are made by minute components
which are called cells
○What gives a proper shape and size to our body and we can’t
see them?
~CELL.

4. Cells
• Cells are the fundamental structure of the living organisms.
• Cells are also known as building blocks of the life.
• They provide a structure to our body and give us a shape.
• They take in the nutrients and convert those nutrients into
energy and carry out several functions.
• Cells contain DNA.
• Whatever biological changes we have in body ,cells are
responsible for it .

5. History of cells
• Scientist Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665.
• M.J.Schleiden and Theodore Schwaan formulated a theory about
cellular structure which stated’All the living organisms are made
up of cells and the cell is fundamental component of living
organisms.
• Rudolph Virchow stated that all cell are formed from pre-existing
cells.

6. ROBERT
HOOKE
M.J.Schleiden
Theodore
Schwaan

7. Measurement and observation of cells.
• Generally,Cells are too small that we can’t observe them with our naked
eyes we need to see them by using compound microscope.
• In 1673,Anton Van leeuwenhoek Assemble various lenses to construct a
microscope.
• He was the first to observe live bacteria and protozoan cell under the
microscope.
1 cm = 100 mm,1 mm = 1000 micrometre,1 Micrometer {or Micron} =1000
nanometer (NM).

8. Parts of compound microscope
Eyepiece
Coarse focuse knob
Fine focus knob
Base
Tube
Objective
lenses
Stage
Illuminator

9. Cells size.
• There is a great variety of Shape in cells.
• Basically in cells by shape is mainly to their
function.
• For example: The cells which are Columnar in shape
are specialized for absorbtion .
• Cell can be of various shape for example
Circular,Rod,-shaped, columnar ,spiral ,oval,
rectangular , spindle etc.

10. Plant cell and Animal cell
• There are two main types of cell animal and plant cell.
• This cells contain various types of membrane-bound cell organelles.
• Plant cells have a definite shape cause of presence of cell wall around
them.
• Unlike animal cells plant cells contain single large vacuole.Thus this type
of cells are known as eukaryotics . Example: protozoa,fungi etc.
• cells who’s plasma membrane-bound ,cytoplasm, nucleoid are the only
components are termed as prokaryotic cells. Examples:Bacteria,Amoeba
,etc.

11. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell.

12. See the above picture and the numbers wrote on the workers.

13. The above pictures define the functions of
cell.Here cell is as a Factory (see the
image ad number of written on them).
1-nucleus.
2-cytoplasm.
3-mitochondria.
4-ribosome.
5-chloroplast.
6-vacuoles.
7-endoplasmic reticulum.
8-cell membrane.

14. Micro-organisms
The organism which can’t be seen with our
naked eyes but only be observed under a
microscope are called microorganism.

15. Occurrnce of micro-organisms
Microorganisms present in the earth ,water soil , garbage as well in
the bodies of plants and animals including humans. Some
microorganism solitary that is they are
unicellular,e.g.amoeba,paramoecium,On the other hand some live in
colonies,that is they live in groups.Some microorganism live on the
remains of dead plants and animals.

16. Nature of micro-organisms.
Some Microorganisms Like the fungus that grows on bread
or strands of algae in ponds are multi-cellular. However most
microorganism such as Bacteria and Viruses are Unicellular.

17. Growth of micro-organisms.
• Each microorganisms need a specific environment for their growth and
reproduction.
• Many microbes need oxygen for the growth where some microbes can grow
without oxygen.
• Some microorganisms can server even in extreme and adverse condition
like Ocean floor, ice in the polar regions hot water springs etc.
• During adverse condition micro-organisms form a thick covering around
itself and stop their life- processes.
• According to shape,and life-processes,micro-organisms are classified as
algae,fungi,protozao,bacteria and viruses.

18. Types of micro-organisms.
Useful micro-organisms
• The micro organisms that
help in process of some life
process of living beings are
termed as useful
microorganism . They are
also used for making
Medicines,several food item
etc.
Harmful micro-organisms
• There are a number of
micro-organisms that
are responsible for
food spoilage,diseases
and infections. Such
micro-organisms are
known as harmful
organisms
• For e.g. protozao.

19. ALGAE PROTOZAO

20. • Pathogens

21. Pathogens
• Pathogens be present in the water body contaminated
with sewage and dirt from the surroundings in food
left and uncovered in unhygienic condition with
housefly sitting on it etc.
• If such contaminated food or water is consumed we
may fall ill with disease of the alimentary canal like
amoebiasis,typhoid,cholera,hepatitis, gastro etc
• Pathogens are released in the air when a person having
a infection of respiratory tracts sneezes or coughs.
• A healthy person may get infected by such disease or
pathogens on breathing in same air by common
diseases like cough,cold,diphtheria, tuberculosis etc

22. THANKYOU….