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Tectonic Plates
Plate Tectonics
•   Pieces of the lithosphere that move around
•   Each plate has a name
•   Fit together like jigsaw puzzles
•   Float on top of mantle similar to ice cubes
    in a bowl of water
Continental Drift
              •Alfred Wegener 1900’s
              Continents were once a single
              land mass that drifted apart.

              •Fossils of the same plants
              and animals are found on
              different continents

              •Called this supercontinent
              Pangea, Greek for “all Earth”
Pangea
Evidence of Pangea
Sea Floor Spreading
Sea Floor Spreading
• Mid Ocean Ridges – underwater mountain
  chains that run through the Earth’s Basins
• Magma rises to the surface and solidifies
  and new crust forms
• Older Crust is pushed
  farther away from the ridge



    Two Volunteers to
      Demonstrate
Sea Floor Spreading
How Plates Move




http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/unanswered.html
Different Types of Boundaries




Animations
Divergent Boundary –
Arabian and African Plates
Divergent Boundaries
• Places where plates are coming apart
• Forms a central valley called a rift
• Earthquakes occur along the faults
• Volcanoes form where the magma reaches the
  surface.
• Plate separation is a slow process. For
  example, divergence along the Mid Atlantic ridge
  causes the Atlantic Ocean to widen at only about 2
  centimeters per year.
    Animation
Divergent Boundary –
       Iceland
Divergent Boundary - Oceanic
Divergent Boundary - Continental
Convergent Boundary
•Places where plates crash or
crunch together

•Collisions are very slow and
last millions of years

•Mountains, earthquakes, and
volcanoes form where plates
collide

•Rockies in North
America, the Alps in
Europe, the Pontic Mountains
in Turkey, the Zagros
Mountains in Iran, and the
Himalayas in central Asia
were formed by plate
Convergent Boundary – Indian and Eurasian Plates




                                     Himalayas
Transform Boundaries
•Places where plates slide past each other

•Marked in some places by linear valleys
where rock has been ground up by the sliding
Transform Boundary – San Andreas Fault in California
Subduction Zone
• When two oceanic plates collide, the younger of the two plates,
because it is less dense, will ride over the edge of the older plate.
Review
•   Name the 3 main layers of the Earth.
•   What is a tectonic plate?
•   What was Pangea?
•   What is Sea-Floor spreading?
•   Name the three different types of plate
    boundaries and one location on Earth for each
    one
1. In your basket
   you should
   have wax
   paper, a plastic
   spoon, fruit
   roll-up and a
   graham
   cracker
2. I will come
   around and
   put a small
   amount of
   icing on your
   wax paper.
1. Divergent
   Boundary
  –   Notice how the
      frosting is
      exposed and
      pushed up where
      the plates are
      separated?
  –   This is how
      magma comes to
      the surface where
      plates are moving
      apart at divergent
      boundaries
  –   When plates
      begin to pull apart
1.   Continent-Oceanic
     Convergent
     Boundary
     –   The graham
         cracker
         represents the
         continental
         crust, which is
         thicker and less
         dense than
         oceanic crust
         (fruit roll-up).
     –   After you
         complete Step
         3, the oceanic
         plate will be
         subducted
         below the
         continental one.
1. Continent – Continent
   Convergent Boundary
  –   This is when two
      continents collide
  –   Notice how the wet
      edges crumble?
  –   This is how mountains
      are made at
      convergegnt plate
      boundaries.
  –   When continents
      move toward each
      other, there is
      nowhere for the rock
      to go but up.
Snack Tectonics
1. Transform
   Boundary

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Plate tectonics

  • 2. Plate Tectonics • Pieces of the lithosphere that move around • Each plate has a name • Fit together like jigsaw puzzles • Float on top of mantle similar to ice cubes in a bowl of water
  • 3. Continental Drift •Alfred Wegener 1900’s Continents were once a single land mass that drifted apart. •Fossils of the same plants and animals are found on different continents •Called this supercontinent Pangea, Greek for “all Earth”
  • 7. Sea Floor Spreading • Mid Ocean Ridges – underwater mountain chains that run through the Earth’s Basins • Magma rises to the surface and solidifies and new crust forms • Older Crust is pushed farther away from the ridge Two Volunteers to Demonstrate
  • 10. Different Types of Boundaries Animations
  • 11. Divergent Boundary – Arabian and African Plates
  • 12. Divergent Boundaries • Places where plates are coming apart • Forms a central valley called a rift • Earthquakes occur along the faults • Volcanoes form where the magma reaches the surface. • Plate separation is a slow process. For example, divergence along the Mid Atlantic ridge causes the Atlantic Ocean to widen at only about 2 centimeters per year. Animation
  • 15. Divergent Boundary - Continental
  • 16. Convergent Boundary •Places where plates crash or crunch together •Collisions are very slow and last millions of years •Mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes form where plates collide •Rockies in North America, the Alps in Europe, the Pontic Mountains in Turkey, the Zagros Mountains in Iran, and the Himalayas in central Asia were formed by plate
  • 17. Convergent Boundary – Indian and Eurasian Plates Himalayas
  • 18. Transform Boundaries •Places where plates slide past each other •Marked in some places by linear valleys where rock has been ground up by the sliding
  • 19. Transform Boundary – San Andreas Fault in California
  • 20. Subduction Zone • When two oceanic plates collide, the younger of the two plates, because it is less dense, will ride over the edge of the older plate.
  • 21. Review • Name the 3 main layers of the Earth. • What is a tectonic plate? • What was Pangea? • What is Sea-Floor spreading? • Name the three different types of plate boundaries and one location on Earth for each one
  • 22. 1. In your basket you should have wax paper, a plastic spoon, fruit roll-up and a graham cracker 2. I will come around and put a small amount of icing on your wax paper.
  • 23. 1. Divergent Boundary – Notice how the frosting is exposed and pushed up where the plates are separated? – This is how magma comes to the surface where plates are moving apart at divergent boundaries – When plates begin to pull apart
  • 24. 1. Continent-Oceanic Convergent Boundary – The graham cracker represents the continental crust, which is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust (fruit roll-up). – After you complete Step 3, the oceanic plate will be subducted below the continental one.
  • 25. 1. Continent – Continent Convergent Boundary – This is when two continents collide – Notice how the wet edges crumble? – This is how mountains are made at convergegnt plate boundaries. – When continents move toward each other, there is nowhere for the rock to go but up.