This document summarizes the casting process and identifies the key parts of a green sand mold. Casting involves pouring liquid material into a mold cavity to form a desired shape that solidifies. Common casting materials are metals and materials like epoxy that harden after mixing components. Casting is useful for making complex shapes. The document then lists and describes the various tools used in the green sand molding process, including shovels, sprinkles, riddles, rammers, strike bars, vent wires, trowels, slicks, lifters, swabs, draw screws, bellows, gate cutters, molding boards, gaggers, and shake bags. Each tool has a specific purpose in preparing,

1. Experiment no 1
Objective:
Understanding of casting process and different parts of green sand mold
Theory:
Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a
mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The
solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete
the process. Casting materials are usually metals or various cold setting materials that cure after
mixing two or more components together; examples are epoxy, concrete, plaster and clay.
Casting is most often used for making complex shapes that would be otherwise difficult or
uneconomical to make by other methods.
Different parts of greensand mold:
Shovel:
A shovel is used for mixing sand and tempering mould sand and moving the sand from
pile to the flask. A clean wellkept shovel is badge of worksman.
Sprinkle:
A common garden watering can with a rose head sprinkle is ideal for watering down and
tempering the molding sand.
Riddle:
It is also called a screen, it is circular or rectangular wooden frame with a wire mesh bottom.
It is used for removing foreign material, such as nails shot metal splitters of wood etc. from the
molding sand the size of opening in mesh indicates the size of riddle.
Benchrammer:
It is wooden tool used for packing or ramming the sand in the mold. One end
called peen is edge shaped and opposite and had flat surface.
Strike of bars:
The strike of bars is piece of metal or wood with a straight edge. It is used to strike
off the excess sand at the top of the cop and at the bottom of the drag, after the remaining has
been completed
Vent wire:
Molding must be vented permit gases and steam to ease cap. With the molten metal
is begin poured. It is used to make a serious of small holes called went that purposes.

2. Trowels:
Trowels are used for making joint and finishing flate surface of a mould. There are many
different kinds of this for example finishing square end, heat and spear.
Slicks:
Slicks are used for repairing and finishing molds. There are many types e.g. oval spoon,
heat and spoon, double spoon and double head most commonly used is oval spoon.
Lifters:
Lifters are used for deep sections of a mould and removing loose sand from pockets of
mould lifters.
Swab:
The swab is made of flax is used to point water on the corners of the mould
before the pattern is removed.
Draw screw:
Draw nail are draw pin is used to lift the pattern in the mould so that it can be draw
with out damage to the mould
Bellows.
It is used to loose sand out of the mold.
Gate cutters:
Gate cutter is small piece e of sheet metal used to cut the opening that connects
sprue and runner with mould.
Molding board:
These are smooth and flate wooden sheet boards. Flask or molding box and
pattern are placed on the them while starting molding.
Gaggers:
These are iron rods bent at one end or both ends. These are used to reinforce sand in the top
position of the molding box and for supporting bodies of the sand.
Shake bag
The shake bag is used to dust the parting compound of the mould. This item of
equipment can easily be made for the used in foundry from a loosely woven cloth.