This document provides an introduction to CNC turning. It discusses the parts of a CNC machine, including the programming unit, machine control unit, and machine tool. It also covers fundamental CNC turning concepts like G-codes for linear and circular movements, M-codes for machine functions, and modal and non-modal G-codes. An example CNC turning program is included to demonstrate how G-codes are written to machine different shapes and features on a workpiece.

1. CNC TURNING
Submitted by
Ali Raza
Submitted to
Ali Shan

2.  INTRODUCTION
 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
 INSTRUCTION

3. 1. INTRODUCTION
 Ways of Turning
 Parts of CNC Machine
 Working Methods of CNC

4. Ways of Turning
 Conventional or Traditional
 Numerical Control (NC)
 Computer Numerical Control (CNC)

5. Difficulties with Conventional System
 Complex shapes are difficult to machine
 Depends on the human skill
 Frequent & repeated measurements are required
 Difficult to achieve consistency in product quality
 High Changeover Time
 Less productive hours
 More scrap is generated

6. Parts of NC/CNC Machine
 ProgrammingUnit
 Machine ControlUnit
NC
 Machine ToolUnit
CNC

7. Programming Unit
 Programmer
 Computer system
 User Interface device
 Data Storage and Transfer facility

8. Machine Control Unit
 Tape Reader
 Data Buffer
 Signal Output Channels to Machine Tool
 Feedback channels from the Machine Tool

9. Machine Tool
 Structure
 Extra Rigid
 Easy chip disposal System, eg: Use of Slant Bed
 Thermal Resistant
 Drives
 AC Induction motors
 DC motors

10. Example Program
[BILLET X55.0 Z40.0;
G99 G21 G40;
S1000 M13;
M06 T0101;
G00 X55.0 Z2.0;
G01 X55.0 Z0.0 F0.2;
G01 X -1.0 Z0.0 F0.1;
G00 X 55.0 Z2.0;
G00 X20.0;
G01 X20.0 Z-10.0 F0.1;
G01 X40.0 Z-10.0;
G01 X40.0 Z-25.0;
G01 X50.0 Z-25.0;
G01 X50.0 Z-35.0;
G01 X55.0 Z-35.0;
G00 X55.0 Z2.0;
G28 U0 W0;
M30;
0,0

11. Circular Path Function
 G02
 G03
Circular Movement Clockwise (CW)
Circular Movement Counter Clock
Wise (CCW)
Writing Format
G02 X 25.0 Z-10.0 R5.0 F0.1; G03 X 25.0 Z-10.0 R5.0 F0.1;

12. Types of Instructions
1. Movement Instruction
• G00, G01, G02, G03
2. Machine Instruction
• M00, M02, M03, M04, M05, M06, M08, M09, M30
3. Tool Instruction
• T0101
4. Technological Instruction
•
•
•
Cutting Speed
Spindle Speed
Feed
5. DimensionalInstruction
•
•
Metric
Inch

13. M-Codes
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M00: Program Stop, starts again when cycle start is pressed
M01: Optional Stop
M02: Program Reset
M30: Program Reset & Rewind
M03: Spindle Start in Clockwise Direction
M04: Spindle Start in Anti Clockwise Direction
M05: Spindle Stop
M06: Command Tool Change
M07/M08: Coolant ON
M09: Coolant OFF
M10: Chuck Open
M11: Chuck Close
M13: Spindle ON (CW) & Coolant on
M14: Spindle ON (CCW) & Coolant on
M25: Tailstock Quill Extend
M26: Tailstock Quill Retract
M98: Subprogram Call
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 M99: Return to Main Program

14. Modal & Non Modal G-Codes
 The G-Codes whose effect continue in the
program once specified until it is cancelled or
overridden by another code are known as
“MODAL”. Eg: G00, G01, G02, G03 etc.
 The G-Codes whose effect only in the block where
it is defined are known as Non-Modal Codes. Eg:
G04

15. https://hanzmanufact
uring.com/
https://www.mnbprecision.com/w
hat-is-cnc-turning/

16. Thank You