Understanding human emotions and how they link to each other. Based on Baruch (Benedict de) Spinoza and the Buddha. Hierarchy of human emotions. Definition of most human emotions. Categorical Imperative.
Anger often considered as a bad emotion is a healthy, human emotion. It helps in reducing stress while balancing your physical and emotional distress but losing control of your actions after getting angry is the stage where things slip out of your hands. Anger management can refer to a psycho-therapeutic program that can help you in anger prevention and control. These slides cover the introduction or definition of anger, causes of anger, anger cycle, the ways to understand your anger, relaxation technique to manage anger, etc. to give you a better understanding of it...
Dear All,
Do you get angry often in your life that makes you loose focus on what is right and wrong? Is there been a time that you failed to see reason because you were very angry at something or someone? Do you scream at your spouse / children / friends / subordinates when you are angry? Welcome to the party - you are one among millions who are victims of this much devastating emotional volatility which is as good as a human bomb ready to explode any time!
Let me share with you this PPT on " How to stop getting angry ". Please do let me have your comments on the same.
With best regards
Shamim
Presented to a group of approx 20 leaders in the field of mentoring at the Friends for Youth Mentoring Conference, Thursday April 18, 2013 in Santa Clara, CA
Anger often considered as a bad emotion is a healthy, human emotion. It helps in reducing stress while balancing your physical and emotional distress but losing control of your actions after getting angry is the stage where things slip out of your hands. Anger management can refer to a psycho-therapeutic program that can help you in anger prevention and control. These slides cover the introduction or definition of anger, causes of anger, anger cycle, the ways to understand your anger, relaxation technique to manage anger, etc. to give you a better understanding of it...
Dear All,
Do you get angry often in your life that makes you loose focus on what is right and wrong? Is there been a time that you failed to see reason because you were very angry at something or someone? Do you scream at your spouse / children / friends / subordinates when you are angry? Welcome to the party - you are one among millions who are victims of this much devastating emotional volatility which is as good as a human bomb ready to explode any time!
Let me share with you this PPT on " How to stop getting angry ". Please do let me have your comments on the same.
With best regards
Shamim
Presented to a group of approx 20 leaders in the field of mentoring at the Friends for Youth Mentoring Conference, Thursday April 18, 2013 in Santa Clara, CA
Empathy: The Science of Feeling. Do You Have Enough Empathy to Reach Your Ful...UXPA International
Ever wondered what makes some practitioners truly great? Is there something in how they are wired that sets them apart and amplifies their contributions on products, projects, and within organizations?
Our presenters will explore how recent advances in brain science and empathic competency may offer practice owners and businesses measurable ways to hire and cultivate individuals who can make a true difference in the success of their products and teams. The two will share findings from their 2015 survey of more than 500 practitioners throughout Europe, Canada and the United States on the importance of empathy in designing informational environments.
Join our presenters and hear how a conversation about hiring for fit, the role of certifications, and predicting team success resulted in a journey to understand what really makes us tick.
(Participant count will be updated after research fields to reflect actual participant numbers and respondent geographies).
The 5th of the 7 Highly Effectively Habits, it deals primarily with "the method to be effective with others".
Dr Steven .R Covey mentioned that there is a reason why the 7 Habits are sequenced in the way that he did. Every one of the Habit builds upon the previous one in a progressive manner.
In his own words, "The relationship & the sequence among the Habits are the key to the overall power."
It is most recommended that one learns all the 7 Habits in order.
So, if you have not yet gone through the 1st Habit - Be Proactive, 2nd Habit - Begin with the End in Mind & 3rd Habit - 1st Things 1st, 4th Habit - Think Win-Win, why not go through them 1st?
Here's the link for
Habit #1: http://www.slideshare.net/aoweiyang/habit-1-be-proactive-36473102
Habit #2: http://www.slideshare.net/aoweiyang/habit-2-begin-with-the-end-in-mind-36631027
Habit #3: http://www.slideshare.net/aoweiyang/habit-3-put-1st-things-1st
Habit #4: http://www.slideshare.net/aoweiyang/habit-4-think-winwin
For you guys who are new to this, you might like to first gain some fundamental ideas via "The 7 Highly Effective Habits Foundational Principles" deck before all else.That will definitely help strengthen your concept of what the whole idea is about.
Here's the link: http://www.slideshare.net/aoweiyang/the-7-highly-effective
What is Emotional Intelligence. How to develop your Emotional Intelligence.
Presentation made by Philippe Grall, Executive Coach & Trainer.
President of Equilibre Inc.
www.e-quilibre.jp
Empathy: The Science of Feeling. Do You Have Enough Empathy to Reach Your Ful...UXPA International
Ever wondered what makes some practitioners truly great? Is there something in how they are wired that sets them apart and amplifies their contributions on products, projects, and within organizations?
Our presenters will explore how recent advances in brain science and empathic competency may offer practice owners and businesses measurable ways to hire and cultivate individuals who can make a true difference in the success of their products and teams. The two will share findings from their 2015 survey of more than 500 practitioners throughout Europe, Canada and the United States on the importance of empathy in designing informational environments.
Join our presenters and hear how a conversation about hiring for fit, the role of certifications, and predicting team success resulted in a journey to understand what really makes us tick.
(Participant count will be updated after research fields to reflect actual participant numbers and respondent geographies).
The 5th of the 7 Highly Effectively Habits, it deals primarily with "the method to be effective with others".
Dr Steven .R Covey mentioned that there is a reason why the 7 Habits are sequenced in the way that he did. Every one of the Habit builds upon the previous one in a progressive manner.
In his own words, "The relationship & the sequence among the Habits are the key to the overall power."
It is most recommended that one learns all the 7 Habits in order.
So, if you have not yet gone through the 1st Habit - Be Proactive, 2nd Habit - Begin with the End in Mind & 3rd Habit - 1st Things 1st, 4th Habit - Think Win-Win, why not go through them 1st?
Here's the link for
Habit #1: http://www.slideshare.net/aoweiyang/habit-1-be-proactive-36473102
Habit #2: http://www.slideshare.net/aoweiyang/habit-2-begin-with-the-end-in-mind-36631027
Habit #3: http://www.slideshare.net/aoweiyang/habit-3-put-1st-things-1st
Habit #4: http://www.slideshare.net/aoweiyang/habit-4-think-winwin
For you guys who are new to this, you might like to first gain some fundamental ideas via "The 7 Highly Effective Habits Foundational Principles" deck before all else.That will definitely help strengthen your concept of what the whole idea is about.
Here's the link: http://www.slideshare.net/aoweiyang/the-7-highly-effective
What is Emotional Intelligence. How to develop your Emotional Intelligence.
Presentation made by Philippe Grall, Executive Coach & Trainer.
President of Equilibre Inc.
www.e-quilibre.jp
Although the study of emotional intelligence is no longer a new topic, many people are still unaware of what EI is. This presentation provides clarification on the subject of emotional intelligence and includes several easy to understand definitions.
Human beings require two kinds of education, viz., 1. for survival and 2. for leading a liberated blissful life. This slideshow reveals the fundamentals of the second.
This slide show was designed to present the body of research related to reconciliation\'s effects and guide teachers in useful methods of character development with their students.
The Road for Forgiveness and the Mediator's Role in the Journeyvirtualmediationlab
Cosponsored by the Association for Conflict Resolution Hawaii Chapter and the Hawaii State Bar Association ADR Section, this seminar on forgiveness in mediation was presented by Lou Chang.
Forgiveness is the key to most of the spiritual problems we face as Christians. God's love within us presses us to forgive others without conditions. unforgiving spirit is always restless and have no peace within. Be a forgiver Be in freedom! Be Blessed!
How to be happy when things go wrong: a Buddhist approach to staying calm!Kerry Prest
One of the six perfections of Mahayana Buddhism is called "Patience" which doesn't just mean gritting your teeth and waiting. It has a much wider context here. It's more about staying open and relaxed in the face of difficulties.
This was a presentation given at FPMT UK Buddhist groups in 2013. It follows and Indian Master Shantideva and Tibetan Master Lama Tsong Khapa (lamrim).
See more:
www.joyous-effort.com/patience
PowerPoint about collective intelligence and collaborative dialogue and thinking together at scale. Extracted and developed from the book "Collective Intelligence: Creating a Prosperous World at Peace" (2008, Earth Intelligence Network), Edited by Mark Tovey.
The significant concepts of Walter Kaufmann's book "Without Guilt and Justice." The New Integrity as a way to live one's life. Hopefully in an interesting and readable format.
Part three coaching_j_flaherty_09102105John Gillis
“This is heavy reading, but well worth it. Remember your college philosophy classes and associated textbooks? Well, Flaherty takes the beauty and probing questions of philosophy and creates practical use of them by applying them to the art of coaching. Flaherty relies heavily on a few of his favorite modern philosophers, and takes their discoveries and theories and converts them into assessment models, enrollment techniques, etc. What you end up with is a very lucid, free flowing book that allows the coach to see the client as a human being with varying motivations, competencies, agendas, etc., and frees us from the trap of attempting to coach our clients into becoming ourselves (someone with our values, motivations, etc.); instead allowing them to grow into their own self-correcting, self-generating person.” Amazon Customer "Child of the World.” She says it in a nutshell. Those philosophers include Fernando Flores, Humberto Maturana, and William Barrett, whom you might not have heard of; and several you probably have. But Flaherty simplifies into practicality and usability. If you coach, or want to be one, his work is stunningly necessary.
“This is heavy reading, but well worth it. Remember your college philosophy classes and associated textbooks? Well, Flaherty takes the beauty and probing questions of philosophy and creates practical use of them by applying them to the art of coaching. Flaherty relies heavily on a few of his favorite modern philosophers, and takes their discoveries and theories and converts them into assessment models, enrollment techniques, etc. What you end up with is a very lucid, free flowing book that allows the coach to see the client as a human being with varying motivations, competencies, agendas, etc., and frees us from the trap of attempting to coach our clients into becoming ourselves (someone with our values, motivations, etc.); instead allowing them to grow into their own self-correcting, self-generating person.” Amazon Customer "Child of the World.” She says it in a nutshell. Those philosophers include Fernando Flores, Humberto Maturana, and William Barrett, whom you might not have heard of; and several you probably have. But Flaherty simplifies into practicality and usability. If you coach, or want to be one, his work is stunningly necessary.
“This is heavy reading, but well worth it. Remember your college philosophy classes and associated textbooks? Well, Flaherty takes the beauty and probing questions of philosophy and creates practical use of them by applying them to the art of coaching. Flaherty relies heavily on a few of his favorite modern philosophers, and takes their discoveries and theories and converts them into assessment models, enrollment techniques, etc. What you end up with is a very lucid, free flowing book that allows the coach to see the client as a human being with varying motivations, competencies, agendas, etc., and frees us from the trap of attempting to coach our clients into becoming ourselves (someone with our values, motivations, etc.); instead allowing them to grow into their own self-correcting, self-generating person.” Amazon Customer "Child of the World.” She says it in a nutshell. Those philosophers include Fernando Flores, Humberto Maturana, and William Barrett, whom you might not have heard of; and several you probably have. But Flaherty simplifies into practicality and usability. If you coach, or want to be one, his work is stunningly necessary.
William Isaacs is a Senior Lecturer in the MIT Leadership Center at the MIT Sloan School of Management. His work builds on the roots of Lewin, Argyris, Senge, Bohm, et al. "…neither the enormous challenges human beings face today, nor the wonderful promise of the future on whose threshold we seem to be poised, can be reached unless human beings learn to think together in a very new way." http://www.ideaconnection.com/open-innovation-articles/00172-Thinking-Together-Part-1.html
William Isaacs is a Senior Lecturer in the MIT Leadership Center at the MIT Sloan School of Management. His work builds on the roots of Lewin, Argyris, Senge, Bohm, et al. "…neither the enormous challenges human beings face today, nor the wonderful promise of the future on whose threshold we seem to be poised, can be reached unless human beings learn to think together in a very new way." http://www.ideaconnection.com/open-innovation-articles/00172-Thinking-Together-Part-1.html
William Isaacs is a Senior Lecturer in the MIT Leadership Center at the MIT Sloan School of Management. His work builds on the roots of Lewin, Argyris, Senge, Bohm, et al. "…neither the enormous challenges human beings face today, nor the wonderful promise of the future on whose threshold we seem to be poised, can be reached unless human beings learn to think together in a very new way." http://www.ideaconnection.com/open-innovation-articles/00172-Thinking-Together-Part-1.html
William Isaacs is a Senior Lecturer in the MIT Leadership Center at the MIT Sloan School of Management. His work builds on the roots of Lewin, Argyris, Senge, Bohm, et al. "…neither the enormous challenges human beings face today, nor the wonderful promise of the future on whose threshold we seem to be poised, can be reached unless human beings learn to think together in a very new way." http://www.ideaconnection.com/open-innovation-articles/00172-Thinking-Together-Part-1.html
William Isaacs is a Senior Lecturer in the MIT Leadership Center at the MIT Sloan School of Management. His work builds on the roots of Lewin, Argyris, Senge, Bohm, et al. "…neither the enormous challenges human beings face today, nor the wonderful promise of the future on whose threshold we seem to be poised, can be reached unless human beings learn to think together in a very new way." http://www.ideaconnection.com/open-innovation-articles/00172-Thinking-Together-Part-1.html
Fragments of a real live analysis of a patient, Joseph Wortis, by Sigmund Freud, near the end of Freud's life. It captures Freud's words and opinions on key elements of psychoanalysis.
How the original migration of people from Europe to North America occurred. From 1500 AD through the 19th century, the displacement and migration of 50 million people.
Great book about leadership and management by the captain of a nuclear submarine, L. David Marquet. Modern, interesting, classic, tangible, and demonstrated effectiveness. Very interactive with applicable questions to your people and your organizations.
This is a great book about how to get your ideas across, how to communicate, what to do and what not to do. An important book that will only grow in importance as future communications will have to be in nanoseconds and nanobytes. Great for presentations.
Quantum Leap - The Future of TechnologyJohn Gillis
Quantum physics and digital computing merge. A quantum computer would be vastly more powerful than the computers of today. Excerpted from TIME magazine, 2-17-2014.
Exerpts of concepts from Michael E. Porter. From the books: Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; and a bit of Competitive Advantage of Nations. From the Course XIV.
Michael E. Porter, Jay W. Lorsch, and Nitin Nohria (Dean of the Harvard Business School) offer some surprising thoughts for new and about to be new CEOs.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
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We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
2. jgillis767@aol.com First Light 2
Like Freud, too, and Spinoza as well,
the Buddha believes that to
understand is to transcend.
3. jgillis767@aol.com First Light 3
The fire of life must be put out. For
everything in this world is on fire with
the fire of desire, the fire of hate, and
the fire of illusion.
5. jgillis767@aol.com First Light 5
An Approach
Set aside, if you will, all traditional concepts of good and
evil, right and wrong, pagan and Judeo-Christian and
Moslem and Hindu or any religion that may be part of
your mental framework; don’t deny them or throw them
away, just set them aside for a short while.
Take a fresh approach, if you will, to the fundamental
questions such as: What is God? What is Man? What is
Truth? What is Love?
6. jgillis767@aol.com First Light 6
Nature
Nothing comes to pass in nature which can be
understood as a flaw; for nature is always the same, and
everywhere one in the same in her results and effects
and power of action. True?
Nature’s laws and ordinances, in which all things come
to pass and change from one form to another, are
everywhere and always the same. True?
7. jgillis767@aol.com First Light 7
Nature
So one might assume that there should be one and the
same method of understanding the nature of all things
whatsoever, namely, through nature’s universal laws and
rules.
Thus the passions of hatred, anger, envy, and so on,
considered in themselves, follow from this same
consistent pattern of results and effects and power of
action.
8. jgillis767@aol.com First Light 8
Nature
And we, therefore, for a little while anyway, will consider
human actions and desires in exactly the same manner
as though we were concerned with lines, planes and
solids.
9. jgillis767@aol.com First Light 9
Mind and Body
No one knows how or by what means the mind moves
the body.
No one knows how the mind is “connected” to the body.
Body cannot determine mind to think, nor can mind
determine body to motion or rest.
One can say, “I will raise my hand,” and then raise a
hand. This is easy and simple. But one cannot “will” the
hand to rise.
Thus when people say that their minds “control” their
bodies, they are using words to describe a phenomenon
they do not really understand.
10. jgillis767@aol.com First Light 10
Mind and Body
Since no one understands the connection, yet everyone
knows there is a total connection, it perhaps is safe to
assume, at least for most intents and purposes, that
body and mind are one and the same thing – a thing that
can be thought of from (1) the angle of thought or mind
or (2) the angle of action or bodily function.
This is important when we consider that a mental
decision and a bodily appetite are simultaneous, or one
and the same thing, which we call (1) decision when it is
thought and (2) a conditioned state when it is the body in
action.
11. jgillis767@aol.com First Light 11
Emotions
Everyone shapes their actions according to their
emotions.
Desire may be stimulated by almost anything.
Experience abundantly shows that people can govern
anything more easily than their tongues, and restrain
anything more easily than their appetites.
12. jgillis767@aol.com First Light 12
Emotions
Emotions do not have only one satisfying object, but are
able to derive satisfaction from almost any object
whatsoever.
The most spiritual forms of human love have the same
emotional foundations as the most bestial forms of
human lust.
Anything can, accidentally, be the cause of pleasure,
pain, or desire.
13. jgillis767@aol.com First Light 13
Hope-Fear – Confidence-Despair
Joy-Disappointment
Hope is an inconstant pleasure in which we do not know
the result (in doubt).
Fear is an inconstant pain in which we do not know the
result (in doubt).
If the result becomes clear, hope becomes Confidence
(a more constant pleasure), and fear becomes Despair
(a more constant pain).
Joy is pleasure in the positive result of doubt.
Disappointment is pain in the negative result of doubt.
15. jgillis767@aol.com First Light 15
Pity-Approval – Envy-Pride
Compassion-Emulation
Pity is pain arising from another’s hurt (if the other
resembles ourselves).
Approval is pleasure toward a person who confers a
benefit on another (if the other resembles ourselves).
Envy is hatred, hence pain (but tinged with the pleasure
of pride).
Pride is a pleasure of thinking too highly of one’s self (or
too poorly of a hated object).
Compassion is an imitation of a negative emotion in
others (pain).
Emulation is an imitation of the desire in others.
17. jgillis767@aol.com First Light 17
Benevolence-Ambition-Kindliness
Praise-Blame – Honor-Shame
Benevolence is a will or appetite for doing good that
arises from compassion.
Ambition is a will or appetite for doing good that arises
from emulation and usually ignores benevolence.
Kindliness is ambition that does not ignore
benevolence.
Praise is a pleasure one shows at the action of others.
Blame is a pain one shows at the action of others.
Honor is a pleasure one feels at the perception of praise
from others.
Shame is a pain one feels at the perception of blame
from others.
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Love is pleasure accompanied by the
idea of an external cause, and hatred
is pain accompanied by the idea of an
external cause.
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The idea that our own likes and
dislikes should meet with universal
approval is really ambition. If
everyone thinks this way, then all
stand in each others way, and all
become mutually hateful.
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Jealousy
Jealousy is hatred combined with envy toward an object
of love.
Timidity causes a person to turn from what they wish
for.
Bashfulness is timidity because of shame.
Consternation is the timidity of not knowing which is the
lesser evil to choose, when a choice must be made.
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Anger-Cruelty-Revenge-Hatred
Gratitude-Thankfulness-Joy
Anger is the endeavor to injure someone we hate.
Cruelty is the endeavor to injure someone we hate,
especially if they have done nothing to deserve it.
Revenge is endeavor to repay in kind an injury done to
ourselves.
Gratitude is reciprocal love, or Thankfulness.
Hatred is increased by being reciprocated, and can on
the other hand be destroyed by love.
The Joy of Hatred or Revenge is always accompanied
by a certain pain.
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JoyJoy
ThankfulnessThankfulness
RevengeRevenge GratitudeGratitude
AngerAnger
JoyJoy
CrueltyCruelty
Hatred Love
PainPain
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Repentance-Complacency
Wonder-Horror – Veneration-Devotion
Contempt-Derision-Scorn
Repentance is pain with one’s self as cause.
Complacency is pleasure with one’s self as cause.
Wonder is incomparable awe.
Horror is incomparable evil.
Veneration is awe at people who we regard as far
surpassing ourselves in achieving the level of our
aspirations.
Devotion is love joined with veneration and awe.
Contempt is the opposite of wonder or awe.
Derision springs from contempt of what we hate or fear.
Scorn is contempt of what we deem stupid or ridiculous.
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Good and Evil
Good is every kind of pleasure, especially those which
satisfy our longings.
Evil is every kind of pain, especially those which
frustrate our longings.
We don’t desire something because we think it is good,
we think it is good because we desire it.
We don’t hate something because we think it is evil, we
think it is evil because we hate it.
So every person, according to their emotions, judges a
thing to be good or evil, useful or useless.
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Desire – Pleasure – Pain
Desire is the actual essence of the human
being – the primitive or primary Emotion Number One.
Desire is the raw material that is modified into the more
specific emotions.
Pleasure is Emotion Number Two. It is why emotions
feel good, when they feel good.
Pleasure is a transition from a lesser to a greater
perfection.
Pain is the Third Emotion. It is why emotions feel bad,
when they feel bad.
Pain is a transition from a greater to a less perfection.
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The “Only” Three
DesireDesire
PleasurePleasure PainPain
External
Cause
Customized
Emotion
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The “First Tier”
Love is pleasure with an external cause.
Hatred is pain with an external cause.
Inclination is pleasure with an accidental cause of the
pleasure.
Aversion is pain with an accidental cause of the pain.
Devotion is love (is pleasure) toward one whom we
admire.
Derision is pleasure in seeing a quality we despise in an
object we hate.
Hope is an inconstant pleasure.
Fear is an inconstant pain.
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WonderWonder HorrorHorror
InclinationInclination AversionAversion
DevotionDevotion DerisionDerision
Love Hatred
HopeHope FearFear
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The “Second Tier”
Confidence is pleasure caused by removal or lack of
some doubt. Confidence is a positive transition from
Hope.
Despair is pain caused by removal or lack of some
doubt. Despair is a negative transition from Fear.
Joy is pleasure caused by removal of all doubt.
Disappointment is pain caused by removal of all doubt.
Approval is love (pleasure) at one who has done good
to another.
Indignation is hatred (pain) at one who has done evil to
another.
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The “Third Tier”
Pity is pain at the misfortune of others.
Envy is hatred (pain) at another’s good fortune, and
pleasure at another’s evil fortune.
Sympathy is love (pleasure) at another’s good fortune,
and pain at another’s evil fortune.
Repentance is pain at something we have done that we
regret.
Regret is pain at the remembrance of something we
have done, or something that did not turn out well.
Self-abasement is pain at thinking too poorly of one’s
self and the power of our actions.
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The “Third Tier”
Self-approval is pleasure at the perception of ourselves
and the power of our actions.
Pride is the pleasure of thinking too highly of one’s self
from self-love.
Humility is pain arising from one’s feeling of one’s own
weakness of body or mind.
Partiality is the pleasure of thinking too highly of
someone because of love.
Disparagement is cutting someone because we think
too poorly of them.
Contempt is thinking so poorly of someone or something
that they’re not worth thinking about.
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The “Third Tier”
Gratitude is thankfulness, is pleasure, is love.
Benevolence is the desire to benefit one whom we pity.
Emulation is the desire of something because others
whom we admire have the same desire.
Anger is the desire (through hatred) to injure someone.
Revenge is the desire (trough hatred) to injure someone
who has injured us. A negative transition of anger.
Cruelty is when someone injures one whom we love or
pity.
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The “Third Tier”
Honor is pleasure at some act of our own which we
believe is praised by others.
Shame is pain at some act of our own which we believe
is condemned by others.
Daring is the desire to do something dangerous which
others fear to attempt.
Cowardice is the failure to do something because of
fear that others dare to do.
Ambition is the immoderate desire and love of power.
Avarice is the immoderate desire and love of riches.
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The “Third Tier”
Timidity is the desire to avoid a greater evil, which we
dread, by undergoing a lesser evil.
Consternation is not knowing what to do when faced
with evil.
Courtesy is a desire to act in a way that will please
others or not displease them.
Luxury is the immoderate desire and love of living
sumptuously.
Intemperance is the immoderate desire and love of
drinking alcohol.
Lust is desire and love in the matter of sexual
intercourse (whether immoderate or not).
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Analytic and Synthetic Concepts
An “analytic” concept is one in which the predicate is part
of the subject. Obvious.
A tall man is a man.
An equilateral triangle is a triangle.
A “synthetic” concept is one that is not “analytic.”
All concepts that we know only through experience of
ourselves or others are “synthetic.” Inferred.
Tuesday was a wet day.
Napoleon was a great general.
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Empirical and “a priori” Concepts
An “empirical” concept is something we cannot know
except by the help of the five senses, either our own or
that of someone else whose testimony we accept.
Experience of the senses. Observation.
The facts of history and geography are empirical.
So are the laws of science, whenever our knowledge of
their truth depends on observational data.
An “a priori” concept is seen to have a basis other than
experience. 2 + 2 = 4
Experience of certainty. Logic.
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Bibliography
Baruch de Spinoza. Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (written 1665-
1670, published 1670) (translated by R. H. M. Elwes, 1889).
Baruch de Spinoza. Ethica in Ordine Geometrico Demonstrata
(written 1662-1675, published 1677).
W. H. White and A. Stirling. Ethics (1894).
Bertrand Russell. A History of Western Philosophy (1945).
Dagobert D. Runes. Spinoza: The Road to Inner Freedom (The
Ethics) (written by Spinoza 1662-1675, translated by Elwes, edited
by Runes, published 1957).
Joseph Ratner (Ed.). The Philosophy of Spinoza (1926)
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The complete understanding of
emotions and of their causation
deprives them of their overmastering
quality.
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The Categorical Imperative
Hypothetical Imperative
“You must do so-and-so if you wish to achieve such-
and-such an end.”
Categorical Imperative
“A certain kind of action is objectively necessary,
without regard to any end.”
The categorical imperative is synthetic and “a priori.”
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The Categorical Imperative
The Categorical Imperative
“Act only according to a maxim by which you can at
the same time will that it shall be a general law.”
Or, stated another way, “Act as if the maxim of your
action were to become through your will a general
natural law.”
Theft and murder, for example, are condemned by the
categorical imperative.
Do unto others as you would like them to do unto you.
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Spinoza
Today, after having been one of the liberating thinkers of
mankind who was read but not honored, he is honored
but not read.
Spinoza implies that even at the risk of keeping our
heads empty, it is necessary we keep our minds simple
and pure.
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Spinoza
The necessary condition of human morality is
responsibility, not irresponsibility; reliability, not
unreliability; certainty, not uncertainty; a firm will, not a
“free” will.
Moralizing rules and theological ritual are anything but
the true road to ethics.
The very elements in people’s nature which cause them
to fall are the means by which they can make
themselves rise.
Pit one emotion against another and the stronger will not
merely win, it will win-over the weaker.
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On Marriage
In marriage, legal or religious or social ceremonial law
can at best secure man or woman wealth and social
position.
Happiness or blessedness lie beyond the powerful reach
of these laws.
Natural love, or love free from all ceremonial coercions,
is not merely a questionable source of marital happiness:
it is the only source.
It must be among our chief ethical rules to see that we
build the lofty structure of human society on the sure and
simple foundations of the human organism.
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Principal Emotions
Desire
Appetite
Will
Impulse
Pleasure
A passage from a less
to a greater
perfection
Pain
A passage from a
greater to a less
perfection
Wonder
Positive awe
Contempt
Negative awe
Love
Pleasure
Hatred
Pain
Inclination
Pleasure
Aversion
Pain
Devotion
Pleasure
Derision
Pleasure
Hope
Pleasure
Fear
Pain
Confidence
Pleasure
Despair
Pain
Joy
Pleasure
i
i
Sorrow
Astonishment
12
12
1212
12
20
22
22
22
22
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The pursuit of happiness requires
that we turn our back on it. If
happiness does come it is always as a
by-product, never the end product.
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If we did not desire, we would not be
frustrated; if we felt no attachment,
we would not be anxious; if we were
not involved with things, their
transience or imperfection could not
touch us.
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The Buddha possesses nothing, thirsts
for nothing. His symbol is the lotus, a
flower which springs from the filthiest
waters; but it floats on the surface and
is never wetted by them; it remains
untouched, cool and self-contained,
complete and perfect, a jewel floating
upon the waters.
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8-Fold Noble Path
Right views
Right aspirations
Right speech
Right conduct
Right livelihood
Right efforts
Right thoughts
Right contemplation
8 8
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“For my part, when I enter most
intimately into what I call myself, I
always stumble on some particular
perception or other, of heat or cold,
light or shade, love or hatred, pain or
pleasure. I never can catch myself at
any time without a perception and
never can observe anything but the
perception….”
David Hume
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Darshana – a particular point of view.
Synthesize the various darshanas into
one comprehensive word view, the
understanding of which will bring
emancipation. I believe in everything.
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The Nature of Human Knowledge
Three forms of human knowledge
Understanding, also called perception
Reason
Intuition, also called wisdom
A universe of knowledge in three buckets: what you
believe you know or don’t know; what you know because
it is purely logical (2 x 2 = 4); and what you know you
know because it is common to all men and women.
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Spinoza conceives of human beings as
mechanisms in nature that are
motivated by self-preservation and
individual advantage, and who, by the
mutual employment of reason, can
improve their way of life.
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Ethics, for Spinoza, is a knowledge of
“the right way of living,” that allows
people to rise above temporary desires
and reach a natural participation in an
“eternal blessedness.”
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Spinoza seeks improvement of the
mind not just as a theoretical
exercise, but as a remedy against
three ethical hindrances – the
overvaluing of wealth, fame, and
sensual pleasure.
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The human mind and the human body
are one. Therefore thoughts and
emotions are one, therefore ethics
includes both mental and physical.
Spinoza’s concept of ethics,
therefore, emphasizes the connection,
not the separation, between the mind
and the body.