This presentation discusses underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems. It outlines some disadvantages of traditional HVAC systems, such as temperature variations and energy wasted moving air to unoccupied spaces. UFAD systems use an access floor plenum to distribute air through floor diffusers, exploiting thermal stratification for improved comfort and efficiency. Case studies of UFAD installations demonstrate strategies for primary air systems, perimeter systems, leakage control, and construction sequencing.
The document discusses the Skytherm roof pond system invented by Harold Hay in 1973. The system uses water and solar energy to heat and cool a building without electricity. It consists of water stored in plastic bags or tanks on the roof, covered with insulation panels. In hot climates, the system maintains indoor temperatures below 30°C with outdoor temperatures over 40°C. It works by collecting solar heat in the water during the day which is then radiated inside at night for heating in winter. In summer, the water cools at night by radiating heat and stays cool under insulation during the day. Studies show it can effectively heat and cool with no auxiliary systems.
The seminar document provides information on tensile architecture. It discusses how tensile structures carry only tension and use double curvature for strength and stability. Key concepts covered include the history of tensile structures from tents to modern designs by Frei Otto, common materials like tensile fabrics and cables, and basic forms like hypars and conics. Benefits are highlighted such as dynamic shapes, solar control, and use for temporary installations. The document also outlines design, engineering, manufacturing, and installation processes.
Objectives
- Introduction
Natural Ventilation
Mechanical Extract
- Traditional Systems
- Jet fan or induction systems
- Technology and material Jetfan
- Operation of JetFan
- Examples of Fans for induction systems
- A control system
- Installation of JetFans - Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
- References
This document provides case studies on several buildings that utilize passive cooling and heating systems to reduce energy usage. It summarizes the sustainable features of the Druk White Lotus School in Ladakh, India which uses passive solar heating and natural ventilation. It also describes the Indira Paryavaran Bhawan in Delhi which saves 40% energy and 55% water usage through passive design strategies like optimal building orientation and integration with nature. Finally, it discusses the passive cooling techniques used at the TERI campus in Bangalore like good cross ventilation and utilizing thick southern walls.
Intelligent buildings are buildings that through their physical design and IT installations are responsive, flexible and adaptive to changing needs from its users and the organizations that inhabit the building during its life time.
This document discusses mechanical ventilation systems for underground car parks. It describes the goals and types of such systems, including ducted and ductless options. Ductless systems are preferred due to lower costs and better smoke control. Key components of ductless systems include axial and jet fans, sensors, and control panels. Placement of fans and sensors is important to optimize air flow and smoke control. Computational fluid dynamics analysis can help determine the optimal configuration. Safety standards specify requirements for air changes per hour and contaminant level thresholds. The control sequence manages fans and jet fans based on sensor readings. High temperature rated products are needed, and bills of quantities are prepared based on national building code specifications.
Embodied energy and embodied embodied carbonCraig Jones
A visual presentation introducing the embodied energy and embodied carbon footprint of buildings and construction. The slides are highly visual and take the viewer through the life cycle stages of a building material, through to an assembled building or construction project.
Passive heating utilizes building design and orientation to heat buildings without energy consumption. It works by allowing sunlight to enter through apertures like windows, where it is absorbed by dark surfaces and transferred to thermal mass materials that store the heat. Common passive heating techniques include direct solar gain, thermal mass walls, and Trombe walls, which use glazing, high mass materials, and solar orientation to collect, store, and distribute solar heat within a building. Apertures, shading, and other design elements must be implemented intelligently to take advantage of winter sunlight while avoiding overheating in summer months.
The document discusses the Skytherm roof pond system invented by Harold Hay in 1973. The system uses water and solar energy to heat and cool a building without electricity. It consists of water stored in plastic bags or tanks on the roof, covered with insulation panels. In hot climates, the system maintains indoor temperatures below 30°C with outdoor temperatures over 40°C. It works by collecting solar heat in the water during the day which is then radiated inside at night for heating in winter. In summer, the water cools at night by radiating heat and stays cool under insulation during the day. Studies show it can effectively heat and cool with no auxiliary systems.
The seminar document provides information on tensile architecture. It discusses how tensile structures carry only tension and use double curvature for strength and stability. Key concepts covered include the history of tensile structures from tents to modern designs by Frei Otto, common materials like tensile fabrics and cables, and basic forms like hypars and conics. Benefits are highlighted such as dynamic shapes, solar control, and use for temporary installations. The document also outlines design, engineering, manufacturing, and installation processes.
Objectives
- Introduction
Natural Ventilation
Mechanical Extract
- Traditional Systems
- Jet fan or induction systems
- Technology and material Jetfan
- Operation of JetFan
- Examples of Fans for induction systems
- A control system
- Installation of JetFans - Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
- References
This document provides case studies on several buildings that utilize passive cooling and heating systems to reduce energy usage. It summarizes the sustainable features of the Druk White Lotus School in Ladakh, India which uses passive solar heating and natural ventilation. It also describes the Indira Paryavaran Bhawan in Delhi which saves 40% energy and 55% water usage through passive design strategies like optimal building orientation and integration with nature. Finally, it discusses the passive cooling techniques used at the TERI campus in Bangalore like good cross ventilation and utilizing thick southern walls.
Intelligent buildings are buildings that through their physical design and IT installations are responsive, flexible and adaptive to changing needs from its users and the organizations that inhabit the building during its life time.
This document discusses mechanical ventilation systems for underground car parks. It describes the goals and types of such systems, including ducted and ductless options. Ductless systems are preferred due to lower costs and better smoke control. Key components of ductless systems include axial and jet fans, sensors, and control panels. Placement of fans and sensors is important to optimize air flow and smoke control. Computational fluid dynamics analysis can help determine the optimal configuration. Safety standards specify requirements for air changes per hour and contaminant level thresholds. The control sequence manages fans and jet fans based on sensor readings. High temperature rated products are needed, and bills of quantities are prepared based on national building code specifications.
Embodied energy and embodied embodied carbonCraig Jones
A visual presentation introducing the embodied energy and embodied carbon footprint of buildings and construction. The slides are highly visual and take the viewer through the life cycle stages of a building material, through to an assembled building or construction project.
Passive heating utilizes building design and orientation to heat buildings without energy consumption. It works by allowing sunlight to enter through apertures like windows, where it is absorbed by dark surfaces and transferred to thermal mass materials that store the heat. Common passive heating techniques include direct solar gain, thermal mass walls, and Trombe walls, which use glazing, high mass materials, and solar orientation to collect, store, and distribute solar heat within a building. Apertures, shading, and other design elements must be implemented intelligently to take advantage of winter sunlight while avoiding overheating in summer months.
This document summarizes a seminar on sandwich composite materials. Sandwich composites consist of two thin, stiff skins bonded to a lightweight, thick core material. Common core materials include foams, wood, and honeycomb structures. The core provides bending stiffness while the skins provide strength, resulting in an overall lightweight, strong material. Some key applications mentioned include construction, vehicles, aerospace, and insulation panels. The document provides details on different types of sandwich panels used in various industries.
The document discusses acoustical products used in indoor stadiums. It describes timber acoustic panels that are easy to install and can be used in various spaces like schools and stadiums. It also describes perforated steel panels that provide sound reduction while being durable, and suspended acoustic baffles that reduce reverberation in large spaces like pools and stadiums. Using these acoustical products makes indoor stadiums better places to conduct events.
ALL INFORMATION ABOUT ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANEL, ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANEL (ACP)
ALSO ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE MATERIAL,
(ACM) IS A TYPE OF FLAT PANEL THAT
CONSISTS OF TWO THIN ALUMINIUM
SHEETS BONDED TO A NON ALUMINIUM
CORE. ACPS ARE FREQUENTLY USED FOR
EXTERNAL CLADDING OR FACADES OF
BUILDINGS, INSULATION, AND SIGNAGE.
ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANEL CLADDING
IS DONE WITH THE HELP OF 2" X 1" PLAIN
RECTANGULAR TUBE, ADHESIVE TAPE, ACP
SHEET, WEATHERING SEALANT AND TOP
QUALITY HARDWARE.
The document discusses various aspects of high-rise residential buildings including energy consumption distribution in a typical building, two case studies of residential towers (6 Remez Tower in Tel Aviv and Tree House Residence Hall in Boston), and strategies for water conservation, bird-safe design, electrochromic windows, photovoltaics, and building automation systems.
Presentation on the techniques used in two platinum rated intelligent buildings for reducing the energy consumption - United States Green Building Council (USGBC) Building (United States) and Suzlon-One Earth Building in Pune (India)
The document provides an overview of daylighting buildings, including potential benefits such as reduced energy loads and improved occupant satisfaction. It discusses concepts like daylight factor, useful daylight illuminance, and daylight autonomy. Rules of thumb are presented for factors like building orientation, external shading, and typical light levels. Software for daylighting analysis is reviewed, including Radiance and Daysim for static and dynamic simulations. Metrics and options for achieving LEED credits related to daylighting are also covered.
The document discusses various passive cooling architecture techniques including earth berming, earth air tunnels, wind towers, and thermal walls. Earth berming involves partially burying homes underground or behind earthen walls for insulation. Earth air tunnels use underground pipes to exchange air with stable earth temperatures for natural heating and cooling. Wind towers catch breezes at higher elevations and direct air downward into buildings. Thermal walls made of materials like concrete and brick absorb and store heat to moderate indoor temperatures without mechanical cooling.
CONTEMPORARY PROCESS ON ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Kethees Waran
This document discusses various types of digital architectures, including topological architectures, isomorphic architectures, animate architectures, metamorphic architectures, parametric architectures, and evolutionary architectures. Topological architectures use non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) to describe continuous curved surfaces. Isomorphic architectures are constructed from interacting "blobs" or fields of influence. Animate architectures use animation software and techniques like kinematics and dynamics to generate architectural forms defined by motion and force. Metamorphic architectures employ techniques like key shape animation and deformations to transform architectural geometries. Parametric architectures define relationships between objects using parameters and equations. Evolutionary architectures use genetic algorithms and computer models to simulate the evolution of architectural forms.
passive design strategy
what is passive design
what is solar enregy
advantage and disadvantages
passive heating system
passive cooling system
uses of passive design
The document analyzes the best HVAC system for a retail store called Discount Dan's located in Biloxi, Mississippi. It recommends a heat pump, split duct, single zone, constant volume system because it has low initial and operating costs, requires minimal maintenance, and would not cause the store to close if one component failed. The system was chosen because heat pumps are efficient, do not require gas lines, and could provide both heating and cooling for the store given its mild climate. Three COP 3 heat pump units with air handlers would meet the heating and cooling needs of the 15,000 square foot store.
General principles – Direct gain systems - Glazed walls, Bay windows,
Attached sun spaces etc. Indirect gain systems – Trombe wall, Water wall, Solar Chimney, Transwall, Roof
pond, etc - Isolated gain systems – Natural convective loop etc. Active Heating Systems : Solar water
heating systems
Passive cooling techniques maximize natural heat removal without mechanical devices. They rely on evaporation, convection and radiation. Some key techniques include:
- Natural ventilation uses wind pressure differences and tall spaces to induce air flow.
- Shading reduces solar heat gain through overhangs, louvers and window placement.
- Courtyards and wind towers use thermal stacks to circulate air.
- Earth air tunnels and evaporative cooling take advantage of underground temperature stability and water evaporation to lower indoor temperatures naturally. Passive down draught and roof sprays also enhance evaporative cooling. Together, these minimize cooling loads through strategic design.
Natural lighting is the primary source of illumination and consists of direct sunlight and sky illumination. For daylighting design, only sky illumination is considered. Good distribution of daylight is achieved through window height, width, and sill height recommendations. Artificial lighting may supplement daylight to meet illumination levels or for visual tasks requiring higher light levels. Different interior lighting concepts like room-related, task area, and work surface lighting provide appropriate illumination for various spaces and visual needs.
The Palazzetto dello Sport in Rome is an indoor arena built between 1956-1957 for the 1960 Olympics. It has a circular reinforced concrete shell dome structure 61 meters in diameter supported by flying buttresses. Pier Luigi Nervi collaborated with architect Annibale Vitellozzi on the innovative ribbed concrete dome design, which minimizes material usage through isostatic stress principles.
Passive solar, passive cooling and daylightinglaneycollege
This document discusses the history and principles of passive solar design. It explains that passive solar design has been used since ancient times to heat buildings using sunlight without mechanical systems. Key aspects of passive solar design include apertures to admit sunlight, thermal mass to store heat, and distribution of stored heat. The document also covers passive cooling techniques like shade trees, overhangs, and natural ventilation. Daylighting strategies are discussed as well, such as skylights and clerestories, which provide natural light while reducing energy use. The overall goal of passive design is to efficiently use sunlight and natural ventilation to provide thermal comfort in an environmentally friendly way.
Case Studies that related to Solar Oriented Design Principles, environmental responsive, in tropical climate. It was done as a group assignment, thus credits go to my group members as well.
The document provides an overview of HVAC systems and components. It discusses refrigeration processes, the history of artificial refrigeration, and defines HVAC. Common HVAC systems like split units, ductable units, and chilled water systems are described. The document also covers refrigeration cycles, air conditioning principles, components of air cooled and water cooled chillers, cooling towers, and chilled water piping insulation. Heat load calculations and duct fabrication are explained through diagrams.
This document summarizes a seminar on sandwich composite materials. Sandwich composites consist of two thin, stiff skins bonded to a lightweight, thick core material. Common core materials include foams, wood, and honeycomb structures. The core provides bending stiffness while the skins provide strength, resulting in an overall lightweight, strong material. Some key applications mentioned include construction, vehicles, aerospace, and insulation panels. The document provides details on different types of sandwich panels used in various industries.
The document discusses acoustical products used in indoor stadiums. It describes timber acoustic panels that are easy to install and can be used in various spaces like schools and stadiums. It also describes perforated steel panels that provide sound reduction while being durable, and suspended acoustic baffles that reduce reverberation in large spaces like pools and stadiums. Using these acoustical products makes indoor stadiums better places to conduct events.
ALL INFORMATION ABOUT ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANEL, ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANEL (ACP)
ALSO ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE MATERIAL,
(ACM) IS A TYPE OF FLAT PANEL THAT
CONSISTS OF TWO THIN ALUMINIUM
SHEETS BONDED TO A NON ALUMINIUM
CORE. ACPS ARE FREQUENTLY USED FOR
EXTERNAL CLADDING OR FACADES OF
BUILDINGS, INSULATION, AND SIGNAGE.
ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANEL CLADDING
IS DONE WITH THE HELP OF 2" X 1" PLAIN
RECTANGULAR TUBE, ADHESIVE TAPE, ACP
SHEET, WEATHERING SEALANT AND TOP
QUALITY HARDWARE.
The document discusses various aspects of high-rise residential buildings including energy consumption distribution in a typical building, two case studies of residential towers (6 Remez Tower in Tel Aviv and Tree House Residence Hall in Boston), and strategies for water conservation, bird-safe design, electrochromic windows, photovoltaics, and building automation systems.
Presentation on the techniques used in two platinum rated intelligent buildings for reducing the energy consumption - United States Green Building Council (USGBC) Building (United States) and Suzlon-One Earth Building in Pune (India)
The document provides an overview of daylighting buildings, including potential benefits such as reduced energy loads and improved occupant satisfaction. It discusses concepts like daylight factor, useful daylight illuminance, and daylight autonomy. Rules of thumb are presented for factors like building orientation, external shading, and typical light levels. Software for daylighting analysis is reviewed, including Radiance and Daysim for static and dynamic simulations. Metrics and options for achieving LEED credits related to daylighting are also covered.
The document discusses various passive cooling architecture techniques including earth berming, earth air tunnels, wind towers, and thermal walls. Earth berming involves partially burying homes underground or behind earthen walls for insulation. Earth air tunnels use underground pipes to exchange air with stable earth temperatures for natural heating and cooling. Wind towers catch breezes at higher elevations and direct air downward into buildings. Thermal walls made of materials like concrete and brick absorb and store heat to moderate indoor temperatures without mechanical cooling.
CONTEMPORARY PROCESS ON ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Kethees Waran
This document discusses various types of digital architectures, including topological architectures, isomorphic architectures, animate architectures, metamorphic architectures, parametric architectures, and evolutionary architectures. Topological architectures use non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) to describe continuous curved surfaces. Isomorphic architectures are constructed from interacting "blobs" or fields of influence. Animate architectures use animation software and techniques like kinematics and dynamics to generate architectural forms defined by motion and force. Metamorphic architectures employ techniques like key shape animation and deformations to transform architectural geometries. Parametric architectures define relationships between objects using parameters and equations. Evolutionary architectures use genetic algorithms and computer models to simulate the evolution of architectural forms.
passive design strategy
what is passive design
what is solar enregy
advantage and disadvantages
passive heating system
passive cooling system
uses of passive design
The document analyzes the best HVAC system for a retail store called Discount Dan's located in Biloxi, Mississippi. It recommends a heat pump, split duct, single zone, constant volume system because it has low initial and operating costs, requires minimal maintenance, and would not cause the store to close if one component failed. The system was chosen because heat pumps are efficient, do not require gas lines, and could provide both heating and cooling for the store given its mild climate. Three COP 3 heat pump units with air handlers would meet the heating and cooling needs of the 15,000 square foot store.
General principles – Direct gain systems - Glazed walls, Bay windows,
Attached sun spaces etc. Indirect gain systems – Trombe wall, Water wall, Solar Chimney, Transwall, Roof
pond, etc - Isolated gain systems – Natural convective loop etc. Active Heating Systems : Solar water
heating systems
Passive cooling techniques maximize natural heat removal without mechanical devices. They rely on evaporation, convection and radiation. Some key techniques include:
- Natural ventilation uses wind pressure differences and tall spaces to induce air flow.
- Shading reduces solar heat gain through overhangs, louvers and window placement.
- Courtyards and wind towers use thermal stacks to circulate air.
- Earth air tunnels and evaporative cooling take advantage of underground temperature stability and water evaporation to lower indoor temperatures naturally. Passive down draught and roof sprays also enhance evaporative cooling. Together, these minimize cooling loads through strategic design.
Natural lighting is the primary source of illumination and consists of direct sunlight and sky illumination. For daylighting design, only sky illumination is considered. Good distribution of daylight is achieved through window height, width, and sill height recommendations. Artificial lighting may supplement daylight to meet illumination levels or for visual tasks requiring higher light levels. Different interior lighting concepts like room-related, task area, and work surface lighting provide appropriate illumination for various spaces and visual needs.
The Palazzetto dello Sport in Rome is an indoor arena built between 1956-1957 for the 1960 Olympics. It has a circular reinforced concrete shell dome structure 61 meters in diameter supported by flying buttresses. Pier Luigi Nervi collaborated with architect Annibale Vitellozzi on the innovative ribbed concrete dome design, which minimizes material usage through isostatic stress principles.
Passive solar, passive cooling and daylightinglaneycollege
This document discusses the history and principles of passive solar design. It explains that passive solar design has been used since ancient times to heat buildings using sunlight without mechanical systems. Key aspects of passive solar design include apertures to admit sunlight, thermal mass to store heat, and distribution of stored heat. The document also covers passive cooling techniques like shade trees, overhangs, and natural ventilation. Daylighting strategies are discussed as well, such as skylights and clerestories, which provide natural light while reducing energy use. The overall goal of passive design is to efficiently use sunlight and natural ventilation to provide thermal comfort in an environmentally friendly way.
Case Studies that related to Solar Oriented Design Principles, environmental responsive, in tropical climate. It was done as a group assignment, thus credits go to my group members as well.
The document provides an overview of HVAC systems and components. It discusses refrigeration processes, the history of artificial refrigeration, and defines HVAC. Common HVAC systems like split units, ductable units, and chilled water systems are described. The document also covers refrigeration cycles, air conditioning principles, components of air cooled and water cooled chillers, cooling towers, and chilled water piping insulation. Heat load calculations and duct fabrication are explained through diagrams.
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
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Ashrae CRC presentation doas with chilled beambostjanpeterman
This document provides an overview of chilled beam systems and compares them to conventional VAV systems. Some key points:
- Chilled beams were developed in Norway in 1975 and have been widely used in Europe, with US installations now emerging as an alternative to VAV.
- There are passive, active, and multi-service chilled beams that provide radiant cooling via circulated water and can integrate other building services. Active beams also provide ventilation.
- Chilled beam systems have advantages like lower construction costs due to smaller ducts and AHUs, lower energy and maintenance costs, and increased comfort.
- While initial HVAC costs are higher, general construction costs can be lower due to reduced floor-to
This document discusses methods for controlling the environment in greenhouses, including active summer cooling, active winter cooling, ventilation, and computer systems. It describes different cooling systems like fan and pad cooling and fog cooling that are used to regulate temperature in greenhouses during hot summer months. Methods for active winter cooling like convection tube systems and HAF fans are also outlined. The document also covers natural and mechanical ventilation systems and how computer systems can precisely control different environmental factors in greenhouses.
Passive House in a Cold Climate @ BBBB 2015 WI ConferenceTE Studio
This is the lecture I gave at the 2015 Better Business Better Buildings conference at Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin. It is a primer on the Passive House building energy standard and its application in new construction and retrofit in a cold North American climate zone.
4 steps to quickly improve pue through airflow managementUpsite Technologies
This document discusses 4 steps to optimize data center cooling through improved airflow management (AFM).
1) Conduct research to identify opportunities by analyzing intake temperatures, hot/cold spots, and cooling capacity factors. Most data centers have excess cooling capacity.
2) Implement AFM best practices like sealing floor tiles and cable openings, using blanking panels, and containing hot/cold aisles.
3) Raise cooling unit setpoints to increase efficiency and release stranded capacity while still maintaining proper intake temperatures.
4) Adjust cooling unit fan speeds and quantities based on modeling results. Case studies showed cost savings from improved AFM within 1.4 years through energy reduction.
This document provides an overview of Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. (ACT), which develops and manufactures heat pipe-based energy recovery systems. It summarizes ACT's history and capabilities, including its facilities, certifications, employees, and equipment. The presentation then describes heat pipe technology, various energy recovery system types, performance testing procedures, and example applications of ACT's wrap-around heat exchanger systems. It provides specifications for properly specifying and installing a wrap-around system and examples of retrofitting such systems into existing air handling units.
The document discusses Earth Tube Heat Exchangers (ETHE). It describes ETHE as a system that uses underground pipes to exchange heat between the air and the more constant temperature of the earth. It explains the basic principles of how ETHE works to provide heating in the winter and cooling in the summer by using the earth as a heat source or sink. It also outlines several key factors to consider in the design of ETHE systems, such as tube depth, length, diameter, air velocity, and arrangement (open vs closed loop).
Complete hvac ppt by kk 354647.pptx 1234KRISHAN KUMAR
This document provides an overview of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It discusses the history and development of HVAC, including early innovations in refrigeration. The core components and functions of HVAC systems are described, such as furnaces, ducts, air conditioners, and heat pumps. Various types of HVAC installations and systems are covered, like central air, zoned heating, and radiant heat. Recent developments in HVAC technology and applications are also summarized along with the advantages and disadvantages of HVAC.
The document discusses active beam systems, including their origin, overview, function, construction, comparisons to other systems, air-side and water-side information, capacity, benefits, limitations, and applications. Active beams are a hydronic system that uses water to transport energy and induce room air through nozzles to provide heating or cooling. They can provide significant fan energy savings compared to all-air systems while maintaining thermal comfort. Proper design of the air-side and water-side is important to control humidity and achieve capacity.
The document describes various renewable energy and energy efficiency systems that can be used to heat, cool, and power buildings, including solar thermal panels, geothermal systems, HVAC systems with particle removal, and predictive energy management systems. It provides details on specific technologies like PACT particle removal, QairTerminal HVAC systems, geothermal heating/cooling using Hardin tubes, and LED lighting. Examples are given of both commercial and residential buildings fully powered by renewable energy and cooled by the earth.
The document describes upgrades made to the HVAC system at Blue Valley North High School in Overland Park, Kansas. The original 1986 system had issues with indoor air quality and energy efficiency. It was upgraded between 2002 and 2004 to a displacement ventilation system. This improved air quality, reduced energy usage by 16% for gas and 9% for electricity, and cost a total of $3.4 million to implement over two phases. The new system introduced high-efficiency features like pulse combustion boilers and variable speed pumping.
This document discusses air flow design in ventilation and air conditioning systems. It covers topics such as fan types, air measurement devices, duct systems, and duct materials. The objectives are to describe fans and blowers, explain air pressure and flow measurements, identify duct systems, and explain how conditioned air is distributed. Key points include descriptions of centrifugal and propeller fans, duct system types like plenum and loop systems, and common duct materials like galvanized steel and fiberglass. Balancing dampers are also introduced to control air flow in different parts of the system.
This document discusses hydronic radiant heating and cooling systems. It provides background on radiant panel systems, including their origins in Europe and increasing acceptance in North America due to green initiatives and rising energy costs. It also covers the principles of radiant panel system design for both the air-side and water-side, including parameters for cooling, heating, psychrometrics, capacity, and control sensors. Maintaining proper dew point control and limiting over-cooling are important considerations.
The document discusses points related to sub critical and super critical boiler design, including boiler design parameters, chemical treatment systems, operation, feedwater systems, boiler control, and startup curves. It provides explanations of sub critical and super critical boiler technologies, comparing drum type sub critical boilers to drumless super critical boilers. Key differences in operation and response to load changes are highlighted.
Afcom air control solution presentation stacygriggs
The document discusses improving air flow management in data centers to increase efficiency and savings. It recommends containing hot and cold aisles to better manage airflow, increasing temperature and humidity set points, and installing products like air curtains and blanks to isolate hot and cold air flows. Implementing these strategies increased the number of server racks operating within an optimal temperature range, allowed turning off one CRAC unit for an estimated $35,000 annual savings, and maximized the cooling capacity of CRAC units.
This document discusses supply devices and room air distribution in HVAC systems. It describes the basic components of forced air systems including blowers, air supply systems, filters, dampers, return air systems, and registers. It also discusses different types of fans used in HVAC like propeller fans, centrifugal fans, and axial fans. Finally, it provides an overview of additional HVAC equipment, air distribution methods, and improved ventilation strategies.
There are two main types of cooling towers: natural draft and mechanical draft. Mechanical draft towers use large fans to force or suck air through circulated water and come in designs like counter flow induced draft, counter flow forced draft, and cross flow induced draft. A cooling tower consists of a frame and casing, fill material, cold water basin, drift eliminators, air inlet, nozzles, and fans. Factors like fill material, approach, flow rate, range, heat load, and wet bulb temperature affect cooling tower performance. Efficient operation involves water treatment, minimizing drift loss, optimizing fans and pumps, and evaluating opportunities for energy savings.
HVAC system is very important part of a pharmaceutical company. So that we must know the basic term or procedure of a Pharmaceutical HVAC system. We are tying to give a brief description about HVAC system in our Slide. Hope all of u like it. Thank u..
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
3. • Temperature, Humidity, Ventilation all controlled by
a single Sensor
• Much Energy Expended in Moving Air Around
• Energy Expended for Conditioning Areas where
People Aren’t
• Poor Comfort Maintenance due to Space
Temperature Variation
DISADVANTAGES OF COMMON HVAC SYSTEMS
4. WHAT IS UNDERFLOOR AIR DISTRIBUTION?
• Use of an Access Floor Plenum as Supply Air
Path
• Use of Floor Diffusers to Supply Air to Space
• Exploitation of Space Temperature Stratification
• High Return
5. • Plenum Facilitates IT and Power Cabling
• Air Distribution Simplified by Floor Plenum
• Economical Accommodation of Space
Reconfiguration (Churn)
• Economical Provision of Personal HVAC Control
• Improved Indoor Air Quality because of
Stratification of Contaminants
WHY UNDERFLOOR AIR DISTRIBUTION?
6. COMPONENT TRADITIONAL UNDERFLOOR HVAC SYSTEM
Amounts $/SF $ $/SF $
3. Floors and Roof
Beam Penetrations 100,000 SF 0.25 $25,000 0 EA 0.00 $0
Premium for Structural details - SF 0.00 $0 100,000 SF 0.50 $50,000
Raised Floor - SF 0.00 $0 100,000 SF 8.50 $850,000
0.25 $25,000 9.00 $900,000
4. Interior Partitions
Electrified furn/partitions premlum 400 STN 1000.00 $400,000 $0
Drywall 4,000 LF 65.00 $260,000 4,000 LF 70.00 $280,000
Cores, conference, etc. 6.60 $660,000 2.80 $280,000
7. Finishes
Paint Ceiling & services 100,000 SF 1.00 $100,000 100,000 SF 1.00 $100,000
Carpet 11,112 SY 30.00 $333,360 11,112 SY 30.00 $333,360
4.33 $433,360 4.33 $433,360
11. HVAC
Main Loop 66,000 LB 3.50 $231,000 20000 LB 3.50 $70,000
Branch ducts 50,000 LB 3.50 $175,000 8,000 LB 4.00 $32,000
Plenum Divers - FT 0.00 $0 20,000 FT 8.00 $160,000
Diffusers/registers 500 EA 68.00 $34,000 40 EA 68.00 $2,720
Insulation 60,000 SF 1.50 $90,000 0 SF 0.00 $0
Hot water reheat 5,000 LF 22.00 $110,000 5,000 LF 18.00 $90,000
Terminals 80 EA 1600.00 $128,000 280 EA 500.00 $140,000
7.68 $768,000 4.95 $494,720
12. Electrical
Power Distribution 100,000 SF 2.00 $200,000 100,000 SF 1.50 $150,000
Receptacles 926 EA 76.00 $70,376 300 EA 70.00 $21,000
Duct (in floor) outlets & raceway 626 EA 50.00 $31,300 0 EA 0.00 $0
Cable management 4,000 LF 26.00 $104,000 2,000 LF 3.00 $6,000
Light fixtures 2,000 EA 220.00 $440,000 2,000 EA 220.00 $440,000
Low voltage signal and alarm systems 100,000 SF 1.50 $150,000 100,000 SF 1.50 $150,000
9.96 $995,676 7.67 $767,000
Subtotal 28.82 $2,882,036 28.75 $2,875,080
Design Contingency 10% 2.88 $288,204 2.88 $287,508
Total 31.70$ 3,170,240$ 31.63$ 3,162,588$
% Savings Net 1st Cost Savings 0.2% 7,652$
FIRSTCOSTCOMPARISONS:
UNDERFLOORVS.CONVENTIONAL
7. DESIGN PROCESS
• Rethink design issues and typical solutions
• Consider expanded opportunities
• Integrated design - trade-offs between systems
• Address code issues & local approvals
13. STRATIFICATION
• Artifact of Buoyancy and Non-Mixing Air
Delivery
• Potentially Increases Comfort
• Improves Occupant Air Quality
• Reduces total Air Delivery Volume
• Maximize temperature rise between chest
level and ceiling
• Minimize temperature rise from foot to chest
16. SUPPLY TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR -
TEMPERATURE
• Heat Gain from Structural Slab and Access Floor Tile
• Flow Distance from Plenum Injection to Diffuser -
Vortices
18. PREDICTED DISTRIBUTION OF ROOM COOLING LOAD
Heat gain
into space
100%
Extraction
57%
Through floor
14%
Through slab
29%
Total into plenum
43%
Baseline results – hung ceiling
26. PLENUM DESIGN - VERIFICATION
Images Provided by the
Center for the Built
Environment, University
of California Berkeley
27. PRIMARY AIR SYSTEMS – ISSUES
• Required Supply Air Dry Bulb Temperature
• Required Supply Air Dew Point
Temperature
• Required Plenum Pressure
• Adequate Supply Air Distribution
28. PRIMARY AIR SYSTEMS –
TECHNOLOGIES
• Bypass Central Station Units
Underfloor Air Highways
Pressure Control Dampers
• Air Towers (Column Fans)
Direct Pressure Fan VFD Control
Distributed Fan Locations
33. PERIMETER SYSTEMS - ISSUES
• Cooling
Thermostatic Control for Envelope Load Variations
Maintenance of Stratification
• Heating
Thermostatic Control of Heat/Cool Changeover
Control of Window Wall Downdrafts
Energy Efficiency
34. PERIMETER SYSTEMS - TECHNOLOGY
• Underfloor Fan Coils
Updraft Flow Enhances Stratification
Maintenance/Furniture Conflict
Continuous Updraft vs. Incremental
• Overhead Fan Coils
Downdraft Flow Conflicts with Interior Zone Flow
Overhead Maintenance May not Require Furniture
Disassembly
35. NEW YORK TIMES HEADQUARTERS
UNDERFLOOR FAN COILS WITH CONTINUOUS DIFFUSERS
46. East/West
Thermostatic Underfloor VAV Fan Terminals
Two pipe changeover coils for heating/peak cooling
46
North Perimeter
Perimeter Upflow Slot Diffusers, non-fan forced
Thermostatic Dampers for Diffusers
Overhead Electric Radiant Panels interlocked with
cooling dampers
SAP HEADQUARTERS: PERIMETER
STRATEGIES
47. SAP HQ INTERIOR HVAC STRATEGY
Manually Adjustable Swirl Diffuser for Open- Office
Thermostatic Diffusers for Private Offices
Fan Coils with Electric Reheat and CO2 Sensors for
Large Conference Rooms
47
52. BASF EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER DX
CUSTOM PENTHOUSE
Refrigerant Temperature Range Comparable to Water Cooled
Water Chiller
Condenser Recirculation Pump Much Smaller than Condenser
Water Pump
No Chilled Water Pump
Reduced Fouling of Refrigerant Heat Transfer Surfaces
Small Centrifugal Compressors Slightly Higher EIR Compared
with Large Centrifugal Water Chillers
Variable Speed Drive Improves part Load Performance
Overall Energy Savings Compared with Water Cooled Chiller
Plant
52
56. HUDSON YARDS, NYC FINANCIAL HQ
Over 28% energy savings for chilled water service with
dual temperature plant
o 38% reduction in IPLV for 55°F (12.8°C) chiller compared with
standard
o Waterside economizer full cooling almost 50% of hours
compared with 34% of hours for standard system
Significantly reduced interior zone overcooling due to
high temperature SAT (66°F, 18.9°C)
Significantly reduced thermal degradation due to high
temperature of supply air in plenum.
Reduced airflow due to low temperature (60°F, 15.6°FC)
recooled air at perimeter.
ASHRAE Journal “Engineers Notebook”, June, 2017
56
57. • Overwhelming Cause of Project Failure
• Mutli-Disciplinary, Multi-Trade Issue
• Leakage Rates of 40% have Been Identified
• Three Types of Leakage:
–Into the Occupied Space
–Into the Return Path, Bypassing Occupied Space
–Into the Exterior Envelope
LEAKAGE
58. • Allowable up to 0.25 cfm per square foot
• Gasketed Floor Boxes
• Leakage Rated Access Tiles
• Offset Grid of Access Floor Tile and Carpet
Tile
• Trim Detail for Access Floor at Walls and
Columns
LEAKAGE INTO OCCUPIED SPACE
59. • Completely Undesirable
• Tape and Seal all Walls at Floor Slab
• Firestopping Detail at Slab/Exterior Wall Join
• Firestop all Piping, Cabling Floor Penetrations
• Isolate and Seal All Core Wall Penetrations for
Cabling
• Make Underfloor Supply Plenum a Bathtub
LEAKAGE INTO RETURN PLENUM
60. • Can Cause Water Damage to Exterior Wall
• Provide Solid Interior Finish Surface to Spandrel
Panel in Plenum
• Firestopping Details
• Curtain Wall Details
• Make Underfloor Supply Plenum a Bathtub
LEAKAGE INTO EXTERIOR WALL
62. • Supply Plenum Must be Completely Clean for
Operation
• Concrete Floor Slab is Sealed
• Sequence of Cleaning and Installation
–Slab Sealing
–Drywall Installation and Finishing
–Pedestal Installation
–Final Floor Installation
• Designer/Contractor/Owner Summit to Create
Installation Sequence
CONSTRUCTION
SEQUENCE/HOUSEKEEPING
63. Acknowledgements:
Alcoa Corporate Headquarters
Architect – The Design Alliance, Pittsburgh, PA
Building Services Engineers – Roger Preston +Partners
Atlanta, GA, Dodson Engineering, Pittsburgh PA
New York Times Headquarters
Architect – FX Fowle, New York, NY
Renzo Piano Building Workshop
Building Services Engineers – Flack + Kurtz, NYC