HVAC basics ppt

1. HVAC BASICS
HVAC PRESENTATION

2. Refrigeration is a process in which work is done to move heat from one location to
another. The work of heat transport is traditionally driven by mechanical work, but can
also be driven by heat, magnetism, electricity, laser, or other means.
The history of artificial refrigeration began when Scottish
professor William Cullen designed a small refrigerating
machine in 1755. Cullen used a pump to create a partial
vacuum over a container of diethyl ether, which then boiled,
absorbing heat from the surrounding air. The experiment
even created a small amount of ice, but had no practical
application at that time.
What is Refrigeration?
History of Refrigeration:

3. What is HVAC??
HVAC
Stands for Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning.
Air-conditioning
Is a process where Temperature & Humidity are maintained to improve the
comfort of occupants by a mechanical device called Air Conditioner.
1
2
RA GRILLE
3
RA GRILLE
4

4. Pot with water
Evaporation through the pores of Mud
Pot makes the water inside cool
What is Evaporation?

5. REFRIGERANT AIR
Air
Refrigerant
Over View
Refrigeration Cycle

6. Expansion Valve
Condenser
Evaporator
Compressor
Refrigeration Cycle Working Principle

7. Inverter AC working principle
1. Cooling operation begins.

8. Inverter AC working principle
2. Temperature setting is reached. At this moment, compressor will turn off for a minimum of 3 minutes. At this
moment, under Auto Fan Speed, indoor fan will rotate Lo speed for 20 seconds, and turn off 160 seconds.

9. Inverter AC working principle
3. Once the intake air temperature reaches 1.5°C (2.7°F) above the temperature setting, Cooling operation will
begin its operation. At this moment, even if the intake temperature achieved 60 seconds, the compressor will
not stop (60 Seconds Forced Operation). This is to allow the refrigerant oil completes its cycle and return back
to outdoor unit.

10. Conditioned
Area
Water from
Chiller
Water to
Chiller
Return Air Duct
Fire Damper
Fire Damper
Cooling Coil
Supply Air
Duct
Fan
Air Handling Unit

11. AIR FLOW PROCESS

12. AIR HANDLING UNIT INSTALLATION REFERENCE VIDEO

13. HEAT LOAD CALCULATION

14. HEAT LOAD CALCULATION
BUILDING
ORIENATIO
N
Details required by the design team to prepare heat load summary
sheet
• Building orientation.
• Locality in which the building is situated.
• Wall and Glazing details.
• Building sectional details which should have the below details;
I. Bottom of slab.
II. Bottom of beam.
• Type of system to be proposed, if the franchisee is specific about any.
• Whether above and below the proposed store is Air-conditioned or
not.
• Any existing system is available at site. If yes, respective details to be
shared.

15. Types of Air-conditioning system used in our projects
CASSETTE TYPE
SPLIT UNIT
DUCTABLE
SPLIT UNIT
CHILLED WATER
DUCTABLE UNIT

16. SELECTION OF TYPE OF SYSTEM
CASSETTE TYPE SPLIT
UNIT
DUCTABLE
SPLIT UNIT
CHILLED WATER
DUCTABLE UNIT
MAX
Estimat
ed by :
RANJ
AN
JIGA
NI
Revisio
n : R0
Date :
10/Sep
/20
SR
NO
FLOO
R
Area
in sft
Ligh
ting
load
-
watt
s
Eqp
load -
watts
Fresh
Air
CFM
AC
Load
in TR
@ 4pm
Summ
er
Deh.
CFM
Sq.Ft. /
TR
F.A./
sq.ft
cfm/
sq.ft
Total
CFM
Tot
al
TR
1 GF 2423 4846 5331 810 15.70 5000 154 0.33 2.1
5000.
0
15.7
2 FF 2719 5438 5982 909 13.71 4600 198 0.33 1.7
4600.
0
13.7
3 SF 2719 5438 5982 909 15.10 4300 180 0.33 1.6
4300.
0
15.1
4 TF 2719 5438 5982 909 15.60 5100 174 0.33 1.9
5100.
0
15.6
Total 10580
2116
0
23276 3537 60
1900
0
19000 60.1
GROUND FLOOR (SPLIT UNITS
PROPOSAL)
SL.N
O TR CFM QTY
TOTAL
TR
TOTAL
CFM
1 4 1140 3 12 3420
2 2 640 2 4 1280
3 1 330 1 1 330
TOT
AL 6 17 5030
FIRST FLOOR(SPLIT UNITS
PROPOSAL)
SL.N
O TR CFM QTY
TOTAL
TR
TOTAL
CFM
1 4 1140 1 4 1140
2 2 640 3 6 1920
3 1 330 5 5 1650
TOT
AL 9 15 4710
SECOND FLOOR(SPLIT UNITS
PROPOSAL)
SL.N
O TR CFM QTY
TOTAL
TR
TOTAL
CFM
1 4 1140 4 16 4560
2 1 330 0 0 0
TOT
AL 4 16 4560
THIRD FLOOR(SPLIT UNITS
PROPOSAL)
SL.N
O TR CFM QTY
TOTAL
TR
TOTAL
CFM
1 4 1140 4 16 4560
2 2 640 0 0 0
3 1 330 1 1 330
TOT
AL 5 17 4890
MAX
Estimat
ed by :
RANJ
AN
YEN
SQUARE
MALL
Revisio
n : R0
Date :
19/Oct
/20
SR
NO
FLO
OR
Area
in sft
Ligh
ting
load
-
watt
s
Eqp
load -
watts
Fresh
Air
CFM
AC
Load
in TR
@
4pm
Summ
er
Deh.
CFM
Sq.Ft. /
TR
F.A./
sq.ft
cfm/
sq.ft
Total
CFM
Tot
al
TR
1 GF 5779
1444
8
11558 1777 31.31
1010
0
185 0.31 1.7
10100
.0
31.3
2 FF 5846
1461
5
11692 1798 28.74 9400 203 0.31 1.6
9400.
0
28.7
Total
1162
5
2906
3
23250 3575 60
1950
0
19500 60.0
GROUND FLOOR (CHILLED WATER
UNITS PROPOSAL)
SL.N
O TR CFM QTY
TOTAL
TR
TOTA
L CFM
1 15 6000 2 30 12000
TOT
AL 2 30 12000
FIRST FLOOR (CHILLED WATER
UNITS PROPOSAL)
SL.N
O TR CFM QTY
TOTAL
TR
TOTA
L CFM
1 15 6000 1 15 6000
2 12 4800 1 12 4800
TOT
AL 2 27 10800
MAX
Estimat
ed by :
PRAV
EEN
SHANTHA
TOWERS,
CHENNAI
Revisio
n : R0
Date :
6/May/
19
SR
NO
FLO
OR
Area
in sft
Ligh
ting
load
-
watt
s
Eqp
load -
watts
Fresh
Air
CFM
AC
Load
in TR
@
4pm
Summ
er
Deh.
CFM
Sq.Ft. /
TR
F.A./
sq.ft
cfm/
sq.ft
Total
CFM
Tot
al
TR
1 FF 4550
910
0
13650 1411 34.79
1310
0
131 0.31 2.9
13100
.0
34.
8
2 SF 4550
910
0
13650 1411 27.76 8800 164 0.31 1.9
8800.
0
27.
8
3 TF 4550
910
0
13650 1411 28.66 9400 159 0.31 2.1
9400.
0
28.
7
Total
1365
0
273
00
40950 4232 91
3130
0
31300
91.
2
GROUND FLOOR (SPLIT UNITS
PROPOSAL)
SL.N
O TR CFM QTY
TOTAL
TR
TOTA
L CFM
1 11
440
0 3 33 13200
TOT
AL 3 33 13200
FIRST FLOOR(SPLIT UNITS
PROPOSAL)
SL.N
O TR CFM QTY
TOTAL
TR
TOTA
L CFM
1 11
440
0 2 22 8800
2 5
200
0 1 5 2000
TOT
AL 3 27 10800
SECOND FLOOR(SPLIT UNITS
PROPOSAL)
SL.N
O TR CFM QTY
TOTAL
TR
TOTA
L CFM
1 11
440
0 2 22 8800
2 5
200
0 1 5 2000
TOT
AL 3 27 10800

17. TYPE OF SYSTEMS USED
CASSETTE TYPE SPLIT
UNIT
DUCTABLE
SPLIT UNIT
CHILLED WATER
DUCTABLE UNIT

18. • A heat exchanger using air, refrigerant, water
and evaporation to transfer heat (BTUs) to
produce air conditioning (measured in tons).
• A chiller is comprised of an evaporator,
compressor, condenser and expansion valve
system.
Chillers AHU
Supply
Return
What is a Chiller?

19. TYPES OF CHILLER

20. AIR- COOLED CHILLER
An industrial Air-cooled chiller is a refrigeration system that cools fluids and works in
tandem with a facility's air handler system. A chiller has four main parts: an
evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion valve. An air-cooled
chiller works by absorbing the heat from processed water

21. AIR (Room)
CHILLED WATER
REFRIGERANT
AIR COOLED
CONDENSOR
EVAPO-
RATOR
AHU
CHILLER UNIT AHU UNIT
AIR- COOLED CHILLER PARTS

22. WATER COOLED CHILLER
Water cooling
chiller:
A typical water-cooled
chiller uses recirculating
condenser water from
a cooling tower to
condense the refrigerant.
A water-cooled
chiller contains a
refrigerant dependent on
the entering
condenser water temperat
ure (and flow rate), which
functions in relation to the
ambient wet-bulb
temperature

23. AIR (Room)
CHILLED WATER
REFRIGERANT
CONDENSED
WATER
CONDENSOR
EVAPO-
RATOR
AHU
CHILLER UNIT AHU UNIT
COOLING
TOWER
ATMOSPHERE
AIR
COOLING
TOWER
WATER COOLED CHILLER PARTS

24. COOLING TOWER ANIMATION

25. Primary
pumps
Secondary
pumps
Condenser
pumps
Cooling Tower
Chiller
To AHU
From AHU
CHILLER GRAPHICAL DIAGRAM

26. Cooling
Tower
Condenser
Pump
Condenser
Compressor
Evaporator Chilled Water
Pump AHU unit
Hot Gaseous
Refrigerant
Evaporation
Chilled Water
Hot Water
Cold
Refrigerant
Cold Water
Hot Water
Air Flow
inside room
COOLING CYCLE

27. HOW DUCT IS FABRICATED??

28. DUCT FABRICATION ANIMATED

29. DUCT FABRICATION BY HAND

30. DUCT INSTALLATION

31. DUCT INSULATION

32. CHILLED WATER PIPE WITH INSULATION
It is used as a refrigerant to remove heat from the building. The chilled water circulates through a chilled
water loop and through coils located in air handlers. Chilled water systems include other HVAC equipment
designed to exchange heat such as computer room air conditioners.

33. CHILLED WATER PIPE INSULATION
TYPES

34. CHILLED WATER PIPING RELATED
EQUIPMENT-CSU

35. Tonnage (TR) =
Flow X Delta T
24
Where as Flow is in GPM & Delta T in Dig. F
HVAC Rules of Thumb
Air Side: 400 CFM / Ton
CHILLER TONNAGE FORMULAS