HVAC system is very important part of a pharmaceutical company. So that we must know the basic term or procedure of a Pharmaceutical HVAC system. We are tying to give a brief description about HVAC system in our Slide. Hope all of u like it. Thank u..
Pharmaceutical HVAC (Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning; also heating...Palash Das
This slide is represent the HVAC design,qualification and operational approach. As we know HVAC is important system for maintaining clean room. This presentation is made based on the requirement of Pharmaceutical Industry. All parameter are considered based on the current guidelines aspect.
Pharmaceutical HVAC (Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning; also heating...Palash Das
This slide is represent the HVAC design,qualification and operational approach. As we know HVAC is important system for maintaining clean room. This presentation is made based on the requirement of Pharmaceutical Industry. All parameter are considered based on the current guidelines aspect.
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An AC system is not only cools the room, that system do many things to make our life comfortable. It removes dust and dirt and fill with fresh air
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
2. Group No : 01
PRESENTED BY:
RANA AHMED (PHA-14001)
MAHFUJUL HASAN (PHA-14002)
SHAHIDA YEASMIN (PHA-14005)
SHAMIMA AKTER SUMI (PHA-14007)
RUMA AKTER (PHA-14008)
A.H.M.ADNAN KHAN (PHA-14033)
3. Contents
Introduction
History
Components of HVAC system
System design
HVAC requirements
Basic HVAC system
Ventilation
System selection guidelines
Air conditioning
What can HVAC system do and what do not ?
4. INTRODUCTION
HVAC means heating, ventilating(ventilation), and air conditioning. It is
the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort.
It goals to provide thermal comport and acceptable indoor air quality.
5. History
1000s-1400s: Egyptians used man powered fans and the Indians
used rope fans.
1500s-1600s: In France, ventilating machines were used in the
mines. These machines contains series of fans.
1700s-1800s: Many countries used stove to built of bricks and
centrifugal fan used.
1900s: This era saw a sudden steps in the inventions and
evalution of the hvac system.
6. Components of HVAC system :
Components
of HVAC
system
furnace
thermostat
Heat
exchanger
Evapora
tor coilCondensing
unit
Refrigerant
liner
Ductwork
Vents
7. • Furnace: Main component of HVAC system. It is filled with hot water, air, or
steam and passes cold or hot air outward into the ducts.
• Thermostat: When the temperature becomes too hot or cold the thermostat
will trigger the heat exchanger or the evaporator coil-condensing unit.
• Heat exchanger: Transfer heat another medium.
• Evaporator coil: It performs opposite roles of heat exchanger. It is connected
with condensing unit filled with refrigerant gas.
8. • Condensing unit: It is connected to the evaporator coil. It is installed outside of
the building and filled with refrigerant gas.
• Refrigerant lines: It carries refrigerant.
• Ductwork: System of ducts that transports air warmed or cooled.
• Vents: Rectangular outlets which transfer the heated or cooled air from the
duct system into the individual rooms of pharmaceutical industry.
9. Steps for selection of a system :
• Budget of client
• Requirement of client
• Use of space
• Outside condition
• Floor layout
• Location and dimension of beam
• Power availability
10. SYSTEM DESIGN :
The efficacy of the system design is based on proper consideration of the
following factors:
1. Building construction and layout design
2. HVAC requirements system-wise and then room-wise.
3. Cooling load and Airflow compilation
4. Selection of air flow pattern
11. CONTINUE….
5. Pressurization of rooms
6. Air handling system
7. Duct system design and construction
8. Selection, location and mounting of filtration system
9. DE fumigation requirement
10. Testing and validation
11. Documentation
12. Qualification test of HVAC system :
Following tests are to be carried out in order to inquiry the qualification of
HVAC system
• Installed hepa filter integrity
• Air velocity and air changes per hour calculation
• Air flow pattern visualization study using visible smoke
• Room differential pressure monitoring
• Room temperature and relative humidity monitoring
• Air borne particle count
Hepa Filter
13. HVAC REQUIRMENTS
Define the HVAC requirements
System-wise
Room-wise.
The requirements defined are:
1. Room temperature
2. Relative humidity
3. Cleanliness level
4. Room pressure.
14. BASIC HVAC SYSTEMS
1. Once –thru Air: Air is conditioned, enters the space and is
discarded.
2. Recirculated Air: Air is conditioned, enters the space and portion
is reconditioned.
15. Once –thru Air Advantages
Advantages:
Fresh air
Can handle hazardous materials
Exhaust duct is usually easy
Disadvantages:
Expensive to operate
Filter loading very high
Potential need for dust collection
16. Applications
Labs with hoods, potential hazards
Bulk Pharmaceutical Chemical
Oral Solid Dosage (OSD) plants where potent
products/materials exposed
Where high potential of product
Some bio API facilities with exposed potent
materials
17. Recirculated HVAC
Advantages:
Usually less air filter loading
Opportunity for better air-filtration
Less challenge to HVAC
Lower cooling/heating cost
18. Disadvantages
Return air handling may be complicated
Chance of cross contamination
Applications
1. Classified spaces such as sterile manufacture
2. Finished oral solid dosage(OSD)
3. Final bulk APIs, usually with dedicated air handler for each
room
19. VENTILATION
Ventilation is the process of changing or replacing air in any space
to control temperature or remove any combination of moisture,
odours, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, or carbon dioxide, and
to replenish oxygen.
Methods for ventilating a building maybe
divided into
1.Mechanical /forced
2.Natural types.
20. MECHANAICAL / FORCED
"Mechanical" or "forced" ventilation is provided by an air
handler and used to control indoor air quality.
Ceiling fans and table/floor fans circulate air within a
room for the purpose of reducing the perceived
temperature by increasing evaporation of perspiration on
the skin of the occupants.
21. NATURAL VENTILATION
o Natural ventilation is the ventilation of a building with
outside air without using fans or other mechanical
systems. It can be via operable windows, louvers, or
trickle vents when spaces are small and the architecture
permits.
o In more complex schemes, warm air is allowed to rise
and flow out high building openings to the
outside (stack effect), causing cool outside
air to be drawn into low building openings.
22. SYSTEM SELECTION GUIDELINES:
Financial factors
Initial cost
Operating costs
Maintenance and repair cost
Equipment replacement or upgrading cost
Equipment failure cost
Return on investment (ROI)
Energy costs
Building conditions
New or existing building or space
Location
Orientation & Architecture
Climate and shading
23. CONTINUE
Climate and shading
Configuration & Construction
Building conditions
New or existing building or space
Location
Factors affecting HVAC system :
• Use of space
• Inside room design condition
• Filtration level required
• Ambient condition
• Glass area exposed to sun
• Occupancy
• Lighting load
24. AIR CONDITIONING
An air conditioning system provides cooling and
humidity control for all or part of a building.
Refrigeration conduction media such as water, air,
ice, and chemicals are referred to as refrigerants.
REFRIGERATION CYCLE
I. The system refrigerant starts its cycle in a gaseous
state. The compressor pumps the refrigerant gas up
to a high pressure
and temperature.
25. II. From there it enters a heat exchanger where it loses
energy (heat) to
the outside, cools, and condenses into its liquid phase.
III. An expansion valve regulates the refrigerant liquid to flow
at the proper rate.
V. The liquid refrigerant is returned to another heat exchanger
where it is allowed to evaporate, hence the heat exchanger is
often called an evaporating coil or evaporator.
26. What can HVAC do?
1. Control airborne particles, dust and micro-organisms
2. Maintain room pressure
3. Maintain space moisture
4. Maintain space temperature
5. Natural Ventilation Monitoring
6. Mechanical or Forced Ventilation Monitoring
7. Room Air Distribution
8. Increased Building Safety
27. What HVAC can’t do?
1. HVAC can not clean up the surfaces of a contaminated
surfaces, room or equipment
2. HVAC can not compensate for workers who do not follow
procedures.