The document describes various renewable energy and energy efficiency systems that can be used to heat, cool, and power buildings, including solar thermal panels, geothermal systems, HVAC systems with particle removal, and predictive energy management systems. It provides details on specific technologies like PACT particle removal, QairTerminal HVAC systems, geothermal heating/cooling using Hardin tubes, and LED lighting. Examples are given of both commercial and residential buildings fully powered by renewable energy and cooled by the earth.
In case you missed it !! NuTech gave a presentation at the recent Gas Networks Ireland (GNI) Conference for BER Assessors. The presentation deals mainly with how the NuTech Solar Enhanced Heating and Hot Water system can be used together with a simple and reliable gas boiler system can be used to comply with Part L & achieve an A Rated House. The presentation also gives information on the NuTech Solar Enhanced Ventilation and Hot Water system can be used to satisfy Part L.
Sean Keegan's presentation discusses ground source heat pumps (GSHP) as a sustainable building and design solution. GSHPs utilize the stable underground temperature of 11-13°C to provide heating through pipes buried horizontally in trenches or vertically in boreholes. The system transfers heat from the ground to a water tank via an electric pump and can provide both heating and hot water at lower costs than traditional systems. While initial installation costs are high, GSHPs reduce utility bills by 15-50% and provide efficient, environmentally-friendly heating well-suited for new, well-insulated homes with features like underfloor heating.
AirClean Energy Company Overview - February 2016Blake Johnson
AirClean Energy provides industrial, institutional and commercial power islands. Our engineers specify, engineer and manufacture our own line of skid-mounted, steam turbine generators and integrate them with boilers, HRSG's and waste-heat-recovery solutions to increase your plant's profitability.
The document provides information about Hui-Ling Chang's portfolio, including a residential project in Bainbridge Island, Washington from 2010. It also details simulations conducted with various building performance modeling tools to evaluate the energy performance of the selected building by replacing the furnace with a heat pump. Additionally, it examines daylighting and thermal performance of solar control screens through simulations in Ladybug and Honeybee.
Homeowners with natural gas water heaters have difficulty justifying the expense of a more efficient condensing heater. Combination space and domestic hot water systems bundle together the two loads, which saves energy and makes them more cost-effective. These systems also help eliminate combustion safety concerns.
Historically, mechanical contractors have custom engineered and pieced together combi systems in the field, paying little attention to efficiency and optimization. But condensing heating plants will only reach their energy saving potential when all components are designed and installed correctly.
The document discusses heat pumps and the UK's Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI). It provides information on how heat pumps work by extracting low-grade heat from various sources and concentrating it. It compares the efficiencies and costs of different heat pump and heating systems. It also outlines the RHI scheme which provides long-term financial incentives for renewable heat technologies like heat pumps and solar thermal to encourage switching from fossil fuels.
For download link head to http://solarreference.com/solar-cooling-training-presentation/
Also available from SOLAIR website.
A presentation from the SOLAIR project on sizing of solar air conditioners. their website has a lot of details information. For similar useful resources visit us on http://solarreference.com
In case you missed it !! NuTech gave a presentation at the recent Gas Networks Ireland (GNI) Conference for BER Assessors. The presentation deals mainly with how the NuTech Solar Enhanced Heating and Hot Water system can be used together with a simple and reliable gas boiler system can be used to comply with Part L & achieve an A Rated House. The presentation also gives information on the NuTech Solar Enhanced Ventilation and Hot Water system can be used to satisfy Part L.
Sean Keegan's presentation discusses ground source heat pumps (GSHP) as a sustainable building and design solution. GSHPs utilize the stable underground temperature of 11-13°C to provide heating through pipes buried horizontally in trenches or vertically in boreholes. The system transfers heat from the ground to a water tank via an electric pump and can provide both heating and hot water at lower costs than traditional systems. While initial installation costs are high, GSHPs reduce utility bills by 15-50% and provide efficient, environmentally-friendly heating well-suited for new, well-insulated homes with features like underfloor heating.
AirClean Energy Company Overview - February 2016Blake Johnson
AirClean Energy provides industrial, institutional and commercial power islands. Our engineers specify, engineer and manufacture our own line of skid-mounted, steam turbine generators and integrate them with boilers, HRSG's and waste-heat-recovery solutions to increase your plant's profitability.
The document provides information about Hui-Ling Chang's portfolio, including a residential project in Bainbridge Island, Washington from 2010. It also details simulations conducted with various building performance modeling tools to evaluate the energy performance of the selected building by replacing the furnace with a heat pump. Additionally, it examines daylighting and thermal performance of solar control screens through simulations in Ladybug and Honeybee.
Homeowners with natural gas water heaters have difficulty justifying the expense of a more efficient condensing heater. Combination space and domestic hot water systems bundle together the two loads, which saves energy and makes them more cost-effective. These systems also help eliminate combustion safety concerns.
Historically, mechanical contractors have custom engineered and pieced together combi systems in the field, paying little attention to efficiency and optimization. But condensing heating plants will only reach their energy saving potential when all components are designed and installed correctly.
The document discusses heat pumps and the UK's Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI). It provides information on how heat pumps work by extracting low-grade heat from various sources and concentrating it. It compares the efficiencies and costs of different heat pump and heating systems. It also outlines the RHI scheme which provides long-term financial incentives for renewable heat technologies like heat pumps and solar thermal to encourage switching from fossil fuels.
For download link head to http://solarreference.com/solar-cooling-training-presentation/
Also available from SOLAIR website.
A presentation from the SOLAIR project on sizing of solar air conditioners. their website has a lot of details information. For similar useful resources visit us on http://solarreference.com
This document summarizes an energy efficiency project replacing vapor compression chillers with thermoelectric chillers at a semiconductor manufacturing facility in Maine. It describes the key players involved, including the facility owner National Semiconductor Maine, the state energy program Efficiency Maine, and the engineering contractor ERS. Pre- and post-installation metering found the thermoelectric chillers reduced energy use from 781 MWh to 106 MWh annually, saving 675 MWh directly with additional indirect savings estimated at 153 MWh. The total predicted annual savings were 828 MWh or $91,077 at $0.11/kWh. Efficiency Maine provided incentives that made the project financially viable for National Semiconductor.
The document provides information on gas absorption heat pumps (GAHP), including:
1. It describes the technology of GAHPs, which use a gas burner to heat an ammonia-water solution, generating ammonia vapor to extract heat from low temperature sources and release it at higher temperatures.
2. It discusses different types of GAHPs and their benefits over electric heat pumps, such as higher efficiencies and the ability to use natural gas.
3. It provides examples of GAHPs integrated into new hospital and school building projects to generate renewable heating and cooling and reduce carbon emissions.
Energy Simulation of High-Rise Residential Buildings: Lessons LearnedRDH Building Science
This presentation covers lessons learned from an energy study of over 60 architecturally representative mid to high rise multi-unit residential buildings (MURBS) in BC.
The document summarizes ClimateWell's solar-powered indoor climate solution. It describes ClimateWell's proprietary triple-phase absorption heat pump technology, which uses a salt-based energy storage system to provide continuous heating and cooling that is powered by solar energy or waste heat. The technology has been implemented in residential and commercial projects in Spain, providing free heating, cooling, and hot water while reducing CO2 emissions.
Intep: 24th St Passive House (Student Workshop #1)TE Studio
The 24th St. Passive House Project aims to build sustainability from greenhouse to green houses by implementing buildings based on global leading performance targets like Passive House. The project focuses on energy efficiency and high performance building envelopes to minimize energy losses and maximize gains, with an integrated design approach and performance-based targets to create highly insulated, airtight, and thermally optimized buildings.
Net Zero heating system. 3700 sq ft two story with full basementGreg Mulder
This document discusses steps to make a building net zero and maximize LEED points through energy efficiency improvements. It outlines analyzing shell efficiency, HVAC systems, appliances, lighting and solar to determine energy needs. Integrating these steps can achieve many LEED points through energy reduction and on-site renewable energy. Specific upgrades discussed include high-efficiency insulation, windows, fans, lighting, heat pumps and a standardized solar system.
Generators transform heat into electricity directly by using linear alternators. Design breakthroughs have resulted in an extremely reliable, long-life, maintenance-free, and quiet, electricity generating platform. The FPSE generators, when heated at their absorber, can literally transform any flow of heat into a steady output of electricity. These same generators are packaged into PowerGen’s energy products, these make use of multiple types of fuels to generate grid-quality electric power.
For more information visit www.remotepowergen.com
This document provides an overview of passive house standards and principles. It begins by defining a passive house as a building that can maintain a comfortable interior climate without active heating and cooling through highly insulated building envelopes, airtight construction, and heat recovery ventilation. It then discusses key passive house targets for heating/cooling energy use, airtightness, and thermal comfort. Examples of certified passive house projects like offices, schools, and multifamily buildings are shown from Europe and Asia. The document outlines the key passive house principles of excellent insulation, eliminating thermal bridges, high-performance windows, and heat recovery ventilation. It also introduces the PHPP software tool used for passive house certification. Vancouver's progress toward passive house is noted
Energy and Indoor Air Quality Impacts of DOAS Retrofits in Small Commercial B...RDH Building Science
Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) typically accounts for 30% to 50% of commercial building energy use. Small commercial buildings often use oversized and inefficient rooftop air handling units (RTUs) to provide both air conditioning and ventilation. A conversion strategy to reduce energy
consumption is the installation of a very high efficiency dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) to provide ventilation with a separate heat pump system to provide heating and cooling. Decoupling the heating and cooling from ventilation allows for improved energy efficiency and control of space conditions. Upgrades to mechanical systems can also improve the indoor air quality (IAQ) and comfort through control of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, dry bulb temperature, and relative humidity (RH).
A pilot study of eight buildings was conducted to investigate the potential benefits of replacing existing RTUs with high efficiency heat recovery ventilators (HRVs) and air source heat pumps in the Pacific Northwest. This report contains results for a subset of seven buildings for which data is available. The
building energy use before and after the conversion was determined using utility data, energy modeling and monitoring. Indoor environmental conditions were measured at hourly intervals for up to one year postconversion using CO2, temperature, and RH sensors. The data was analyzed to determine changes in energy use and IAQ before and after the conversion.
This paper presents the pilot building results pre- and post-conversion. While several factors need to be in place to ensure optimal performance and cost effectiveness, the pilot shows that replacing RTUs with DOAS systems in existing commercial buildings can both reduce energy use as well as improve indoor environmental conditions. This conversion type is viable for a wide variety of building types and scale-up of the retrofits has the potential to significantly improve a previously underserved segment of the building stock.
Presented by James Montgomery at the 15th Canadian Conference on Building Science and Technology.
This document discusses hybrid renewable energy technologies from Convert Energy. It provides an overview of their process for evaluating sites and selecting appropriate technologies. They focus on hybrid solar photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) panels that generate both electricity and heat. Benefits include increased energy generation per roof area and higher efficiency of solar, heat pumps, and the overall system when integrated properly. The document discusses different PV-T panel types, temperature relationships, thermal storage options, design considerations, and how hybridization maximizes benefits.
Data center free cooling use of heat wheel techMike DeCesare
The following presentation highlights the use of advanced heatwheel technology to support free cooling initiatives in a state of the art data center facility
NESEA Building Energy 2015: PV and Heat Pumpsfortunatmueller
The document provides information about using heat pumps and photovoltaics (PV) to achieve net zero heating in homes. It discusses why heat pumps are well-suited for net zero goals when paired with PV, and outlines the basics of heat pump and PV systems. Mini-split heat pumps are highlighted as a good option, and performance data on efficiency and operating costs is presented. The design process for heat pump systems is also overviewed.
This document provides an overview of a new technology that uses water swirling into hot gas streams from gas turbines, boilers, and internal combustion engines to increase efficiency. The technology involves injecting small water droplets into the exhaust or thrust gases and using a rotating piece to move the droplets into a donut-shaped steam zone. This increases the volume of gas, providing extra pressure or thrust to power an additional turbine connected to a generator. Analysis shows this approach can increase fuel-to-electricity efficiency by 12-14% for gas turbines. The presentation seeks discussion from experts on applying this technology to coal plants, engines, and aircraft propulsion.
Enertech Global is a leading manufacturer and visionary in the geothermal and water-source heat pump industry. With corporate headquarters in Greenville, IL, and production facilities in Mitchell, SD, Enertech Global's award-winning products are proudly made in the heart of American and distributed throughout the United States, Canada, and the Caribbean. The company's brands include GeoComfort, Hydron Module, and TETCO. For more information, visit online at www.enertechusa.com.
The workshop provided information on home heating technologies including solar thermal and geothermal systems. For solar thermal, it discussed the differences between flat plate and evacuated tube collectors and provided case studies showing returns on investment of 16.7-23.7% for domestic hot water and pool heating systems. For geothermal, it outlined the types of systems and discussed installation considerations and costs, noting that while upfront costs are higher, operating costs are reduced by 66% compared to gas systems. A case study compared typical system costs to a geothermal heat pump system.
This document provides an overview of Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. (ACT), which develops and manufactures heat pipe-based energy recovery systems. It summarizes ACT's history and capabilities, including its facilities, certifications, employees, and equipment. The presentation then describes heat pipe technology, various energy recovery system types, performance testing procedures, and example applications of ACT's wrap-around heat exchanger systems. It provides specifications for properly specifying and installing a wrap-around system and examples of retrofitting such systems into existing air handling units.
The document provides information about thermodynamics and various types of power plants. It discusses key concepts in thermodynamics including systems, properties, laws of thermodynamics, and heat engines. It also describes different power plant technologies like thermal, hydroelectric, nuclear, solar, and wind power plants. Their basic working principles and components are explained along with the advantages and disadvantages of each type of power plant.
This document summarizes an energy efficiency project replacing vapor compression chillers with thermoelectric chillers at a semiconductor manufacturing facility in Maine. It describes the key players involved, including the facility owner National Semiconductor Maine, the state energy program Efficiency Maine, and the engineering contractor ERS. Pre- and post-installation metering found the thermoelectric chillers reduced energy use from 781 MWh to 106 MWh annually, saving 675 MWh directly with additional indirect savings estimated at 153 MWh. The total predicted annual savings were 828 MWh or $91,077 at $0.11/kWh. Efficiency Maine provided incentives that made the project financially viable for National Semiconductor.
The document provides information on gas absorption heat pumps (GAHP), including:
1. It describes the technology of GAHPs, which use a gas burner to heat an ammonia-water solution, generating ammonia vapor to extract heat from low temperature sources and release it at higher temperatures.
2. It discusses different types of GAHPs and their benefits over electric heat pumps, such as higher efficiencies and the ability to use natural gas.
3. It provides examples of GAHPs integrated into new hospital and school building projects to generate renewable heating and cooling and reduce carbon emissions.
Energy Simulation of High-Rise Residential Buildings: Lessons LearnedRDH Building Science
This presentation covers lessons learned from an energy study of over 60 architecturally representative mid to high rise multi-unit residential buildings (MURBS) in BC.
The document summarizes ClimateWell's solar-powered indoor climate solution. It describes ClimateWell's proprietary triple-phase absorption heat pump technology, which uses a salt-based energy storage system to provide continuous heating and cooling that is powered by solar energy or waste heat. The technology has been implemented in residential and commercial projects in Spain, providing free heating, cooling, and hot water while reducing CO2 emissions.
Intep: 24th St Passive House (Student Workshop #1)TE Studio
The 24th St. Passive House Project aims to build sustainability from greenhouse to green houses by implementing buildings based on global leading performance targets like Passive House. The project focuses on energy efficiency and high performance building envelopes to minimize energy losses and maximize gains, with an integrated design approach and performance-based targets to create highly insulated, airtight, and thermally optimized buildings.
Net Zero heating system. 3700 sq ft two story with full basementGreg Mulder
This document discusses steps to make a building net zero and maximize LEED points through energy efficiency improvements. It outlines analyzing shell efficiency, HVAC systems, appliances, lighting and solar to determine energy needs. Integrating these steps can achieve many LEED points through energy reduction and on-site renewable energy. Specific upgrades discussed include high-efficiency insulation, windows, fans, lighting, heat pumps and a standardized solar system.
Generators transform heat into electricity directly by using linear alternators. Design breakthroughs have resulted in an extremely reliable, long-life, maintenance-free, and quiet, electricity generating platform. The FPSE generators, when heated at their absorber, can literally transform any flow of heat into a steady output of electricity. These same generators are packaged into PowerGen’s energy products, these make use of multiple types of fuels to generate grid-quality electric power.
For more information visit www.remotepowergen.com
This document provides an overview of passive house standards and principles. It begins by defining a passive house as a building that can maintain a comfortable interior climate without active heating and cooling through highly insulated building envelopes, airtight construction, and heat recovery ventilation. It then discusses key passive house targets for heating/cooling energy use, airtightness, and thermal comfort. Examples of certified passive house projects like offices, schools, and multifamily buildings are shown from Europe and Asia. The document outlines the key passive house principles of excellent insulation, eliminating thermal bridges, high-performance windows, and heat recovery ventilation. It also introduces the PHPP software tool used for passive house certification. Vancouver's progress toward passive house is noted
Energy and Indoor Air Quality Impacts of DOAS Retrofits in Small Commercial B...RDH Building Science
Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) typically accounts for 30% to 50% of commercial building energy use. Small commercial buildings often use oversized and inefficient rooftop air handling units (RTUs) to provide both air conditioning and ventilation. A conversion strategy to reduce energy
consumption is the installation of a very high efficiency dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) to provide ventilation with a separate heat pump system to provide heating and cooling. Decoupling the heating and cooling from ventilation allows for improved energy efficiency and control of space conditions. Upgrades to mechanical systems can also improve the indoor air quality (IAQ) and comfort through control of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, dry bulb temperature, and relative humidity (RH).
A pilot study of eight buildings was conducted to investigate the potential benefits of replacing existing RTUs with high efficiency heat recovery ventilators (HRVs) and air source heat pumps in the Pacific Northwest. This report contains results for a subset of seven buildings for which data is available. The
building energy use before and after the conversion was determined using utility data, energy modeling and monitoring. Indoor environmental conditions were measured at hourly intervals for up to one year postconversion using CO2, temperature, and RH sensors. The data was analyzed to determine changes in energy use and IAQ before and after the conversion.
This paper presents the pilot building results pre- and post-conversion. While several factors need to be in place to ensure optimal performance and cost effectiveness, the pilot shows that replacing RTUs with DOAS systems in existing commercial buildings can both reduce energy use as well as improve indoor environmental conditions. This conversion type is viable for a wide variety of building types and scale-up of the retrofits has the potential to significantly improve a previously underserved segment of the building stock.
Presented by James Montgomery at the 15th Canadian Conference on Building Science and Technology.
This document discusses hybrid renewable energy technologies from Convert Energy. It provides an overview of their process for evaluating sites and selecting appropriate technologies. They focus on hybrid solar photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) panels that generate both electricity and heat. Benefits include increased energy generation per roof area and higher efficiency of solar, heat pumps, and the overall system when integrated properly. The document discusses different PV-T panel types, temperature relationships, thermal storage options, design considerations, and how hybridization maximizes benefits.
Data center free cooling use of heat wheel techMike DeCesare
The following presentation highlights the use of advanced heatwheel technology to support free cooling initiatives in a state of the art data center facility
NESEA Building Energy 2015: PV and Heat Pumpsfortunatmueller
The document provides information about using heat pumps and photovoltaics (PV) to achieve net zero heating in homes. It discusses why heat pumps are well-suited for net zero goals when paired with PV, and outlines the basics of heat pump and PV systems. Mini-split heat pumps are highlighted as a good option, and performance data on efficiency and operating costs is presented. The design process for heat pump systems is also overviewed.
This document provides an overview of a new technology that uses water swirling into hot gas streams from gas turbines, boilers, and internal combustion engines to increase efficiency. The technology involves injecting small water droplets into the exhaust or thrust gases and using a rotating piece to move the droplets into a donut-shaped steam zone. This increases the volume of gas, providing extra pressure or thrust to power an additional turbine connected to a generator. Analysis shows this approach can increase fuel-to-electricity efficiency by 12-14% for gas turbines. The presentation seeks discussion from experts on applying this technology to coal plants, engines, and aircraft propulsion.
Enertech Global is a leading manufacturer and visionary in the geothermal and water-source heat pump industry. With corporate headquarters in Greenville, IL, and production facilities in Mitchell, SD, Enertech Global's award-winning products are proudly made in the heart of American and distributed throughout the United States, Canada, and the Caribbean. The company's brands include GeoComfort, Hydron Module, and TETCO. For more information, visit online at www.enertechusa.com.
The workshop provided information on home heating technologies including solar thermal and geothermal systems. For solar thermal, it discussed the differences between flat plate and evacuated tube collectors and provided case studies showing returns on investment of 16.7-23.7% for domestic hot water and pool heating systems. For geothermal, it outlined the types of systems and discussed installation considerations and costs, noting that while upfront costs are higher, operating costs are reduced by 66% compared to gas systems. A case study compared typical system costs to a geothermal heat pump system.
This document provides an overview of Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. (ACT), which develops and manufactures heat pipe-based energy recovery systems. It summarizes ACT's history and capabilities, including its facilities, certifications, employees, and equipment. The presentation then describes heat pipe technology, various energy recovery system types, performance testing procedures, and example applications of ACT's wrap-around heat exchanger systems. It provides specifications for properly specifying and installing a wrap-around system and examples of retrofitting such systems into existing air handling units.
The document provides information about thermodynamics and various types of power plants. It discusses key concepts in thermodynamics including systems, properties, laws of thermodynamics, and heat engines. It also describes different power plant technologies like thermal, hydroelectric, nuclear, solar, and wind power plants. Their basic working principles and components are explained along with the advantages and disadvantages of each type of power plant.
This document provides an overview of air to water heat pump technology. It discusses how air to water heat pumps work by capturing heat from the outside air and transferring it inside to heat or cool a building. The document also covers the benefits of air to water heat pumps such as using renewable energy, providing heating, cooling and hot water from one system, and significant savings in energy costs compared to gas or oil systems. It provides details on the components of air to water heat pump systems including inverters, compressors, and controls.
This document provides an overview of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It discusses the history and need for HVAC, describes the basic components and processes, and covers types of installations, advantages and disadvantages, and applications. The document aims to explain what HVAC is, what it does, and provide foundational information on heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and the refrigeration cycle that forms the basis of modern HVAC systems.
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
The document discusses three main factors that affect body heat loss: temperature, air movement, and relative humidity. It then describes the three main types of heat loss from the body - radiation, convection, and evaporation. The document promotes a radiant heating system called Therma-Ray that provides efficient, consistent heating throughout a room from floor to ceiling. It claims this system is more economical to operate than other heating options like oil, gas or electric forced air. Installation costs and estimated operating costs are provided for sample homes along with benefits of the radiant ceiling and floor warming systems.
The document discusses three main factors that affect body heat loss: temperature, air movement, and relative humidity. It then discusses the types of body heat loss: radiation, convection, and evaporation. The document promotes a radiant heating system called Therma-Ray that provides efficient, consistent heating throughout a room from floor to ceiling. It claims Therma-Ray is more economical to operate than other heating systems like oil, gas, or electric forced air. Installation costs and estimated operating costs are provided for Therma-Ray in different home sizes.
The document discusses several case studies of VRV heat pump installations in the United States. It describes projects like a 7,000 square foot installation at BlueHole Lodge in 2001, and renovations at Owensboro Christian Church and Daviess County Learning Center in Kentucky in the 2000s using Daikin VRV systems. It also summarizes installations at facilities like a Hilton Garden Inn in Texas, Staybridge Suites in Irving TX, and the Santa Fe A-Lofts hotel in Dallas.
Thermal engineering concepts are summarized in three sentences: Thermodynamics is the study of heat, work, and energy in systems and their transformations. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is conserved in any process. The second law indicates that entropy increases in closed systems, limiting the conversion of heat into work and establishing an irreversible direction for spontaneous change. Various power plants including thermal, hydroelectric, nuclear, solar and wind are described that convert heat or other energy sources into electricity using thermodynamic cycles and principles.
The document provides an overview of a house calls program that aims to educate homeowners about green home improvements and energy efficiency. It discusses key topics like building envelope issues, heating and hot water systems, mechanical ventilation, lighting and appliances, water conservation, and indoor air quality. Examples of low-cost energy saving opportunities are also presented, such as installing insulation, weatherstripping, programmable thermostats, and energy efficient appliances.
Complete hvac ppt by kk 354647.pptx 1234KRISHAN KUMAR
This document provides an overview of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It discusses the history and development of HVAC, including early innovations in refrigeration. The core components and functions of HVAC systems are described, such as furnaces, ducts, air conditioners, and heat pumps. Various types of HVAC installations and systems are covered, like central air, zoned heating, and radiant heat. Recent developments in HVAC technology and applications are also summarized along with the advantages and disadvantages of HVAC.
This document discusses hydronic radiant heating and cooling systems. It provides background on radiant panel systems, including their origins in Europe and increasing acceptance in North America due to green initiatives and rising energy costs. It also covers the principles of radiant panel system design for both the air-side and water-side, including parameters for cooling, heating, psychrometrics, capacity, and control sensors. Maintaining proper dew point control and limiting over-cooling are important considerations.
This document provides an overview of HVAC systems, including the basics of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. It discusses key concepts like load calculations, heat transfer, psychrometrics, basic HVAC equipment, common system types, control devices, air distribution, and improved ventilation effectiveness. The goal of HVAC is to provide thermal comfort for occupants while allowing buildings to be used under various outdoor conditions.
The document discusses the history and development of air conditioning. It begins with early attempts at cooling and ventilation before the modern vapor-compression system was developed in the early 20th century. Key developments include the first commercial air conditioning system installed in 1902 and the widespread adoption of air conditioning in automobiles and buildings in the mid-20th century. The document then covers different methods for producing cooled air and types of common air conditioning systems, including individual room units, package units, and central hydronic systems.
This document provides an introduction to HVAC systems. It discusses the primary functions of HVAC systems to provide healthy and comfortable interior conditions while minimizing energy usage and emissions. It describes different types of HVAC systems including air systems, hydronic/steam systems, and unitary systems. It also discusses key HVAC components like air handling units, fans, pumps, ductwork, controls and their purposes.
Geothermal heat pump systems use the earth as a heat source and heat sink. They work by transferring heat from the building to the ground in the summer and from the ground to the building in the winter. This allows geothermal systems to lower energy costs by 30-60% and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40-70% compared to traditional HVAC systems. Geothermal systems have higher upfront installation costs but paybacks of 5-12 years due to long term energy savings and tax credits.
Geothermal heat pumps capture the solar energy stored in the Earth's subsurface to provide heating, cooling, and hot water for homes and commercial buildings in a renewable and efficient manner. By taking advantage of the Earth's natural temperature regulation abilities, geothermal heat pumps can reduce energy consumption and costs by up to 60% compared to conventional HVAC systems while also lowering carbon emissions. Incentive programs in many states and proposed federal tax credits aim to further promote the adoption of geothermal heat pump technology as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for heating and cooling needs.
One of our most popular webinar presentations on data center cooling: 2007 Data Center Cooling Study: Comparing Conventional Raised Floors with Close Coupled Cooling Technology.
If you're looking for a solution, it's simple physics: Water is 3,500 times more effective at cooling than air. But, liquid cooling carries a large stigma particularly because of the large price tag. And, if you're like other Data Center Managers, the words of Jerry McGuire may be ringing in your head "Show me the money!"
To view the recorded webinar presentation, please visit http://www.42u.com/data-center-liquid-cooling-webinar.htm
This document provides an overview of solar water heating systems. It discusses the different types of solar thermal collectors categorized by operating temperature, including low-temperature unglazed mats, mid-temperature glazed and insulated collectors, and high-temperature evacuated tubes and focusing collectors. The document then presents examples of solar water heating systems installed at various facilities in the US, including residential, commercial, and institutional buildings. Calculation methods are also provided for sizing a solar water heating system and estimating energy savings and cost effectiveness.
The document discusses India's Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC). It was enacted by the Government of India in 2001 to provide energy efficiency in building design and construction. The ECBC provides minimum requirements for building envelopes, lighting, HVAC systems and other components to significantly reduce energy usage. Compliance with the ECBC can save 30-60% of electricity usage in commercial buildings. While currently voluntary, states can make compliance mandatory for large commercial buildings. The document outlines the various provisions of the ECBC regarding building envelopes, lighting, HVAC and other systems.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity server
Product Slides Updated 06 17 09
1. +energy Buildings Heated by the Sun Cooled by the Earth CNY Renewable Energy Associates, LLC John M. Miranda [email_address] 2009
2. +energy Buildings - Overview Heating and Power From Sun Cooling From Earth Superior IAQ Solar Thermal Systems HVAC + Particle Removal Systems Geothermal Systems BUILDING EARTH SURFACE Predictive Analysis EMS LED Lighting Systems Energy Conservation BELOW EARTH SURFACE
3. Heated by the Sun – Cooled by the Earth COMMERCIAL BUILDING
4. +energy Buildings - Overview Heating and Power From Sun Cooling From Earth Superior IAQ Solar Thermal Systems HVAC + Particle Removal Systems Geothermal Systems BUILDING EARTH SURFACE Predictive Analysis EMS LED Lighting Systems Energy Conservation BELOW EARTH SURFACE
9. Power From the Sun – Solar Building-Integrated PhotoVoltaic (BIPV) Panels Thin-Film Technology is Laminated into Windows
10. +energy Buildings - Overview Heating and Power From Sun Cooling From Earth Superior IAQ Solar Thermal Systems HVAC + Particle Removal Systems Geothermal Systems BUILDING EARTH SURFACE Predictive Analysis EMS LED Lighting Systems Energy Conservation BELOW EARTH SURFACE
11. Combine “ Near Clean Room” With reduced-cost, increased-efficiency, “green-ready” Particle Removal HVAC Superior IAQ: HVAC + Particle Removal
21. Lake Tahoe Surgery Hospital Particulates TVOCs Zero Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI) since PACT was installed in January 2006. Superior IAQ: PACT – How Well Does PACT Work?
22. PARTICLE COUNT “ BEFORE” PARTICLE COUNT “ AFTER” Superior IAQ: PACT – How Well Does PACT Work?
23. QairTerminal (by NuClimate) HVAC Superior IAQ: HVAC - QairTerminal
30. 12 Foot throw @100 FPM All Around Perimeter Primary Ventilation Air : 186-476 CFM Ventilation Pressures .40-1” SP Primary Air Ventilation From DOAS Unit 55 degrees 48 grains Total Room Mixing is achieved thru the Coanda effect within the space 75 degrees 55%RH 3-1 Mixing effect 45 degree chilled water or 120 deg Hot water Superior IAQ: HVAC – Principle of Airflow All-Surround Ventilation Effectiveness
31. D edicated O utside A ir S ystem Superior IAQ: HVAC – QairTerminal Schematic Outside Air Exhaust Primary Air Return Air DOAS
33. The QairTerminal Can Be Heated and Cooled by Conventional Boilers & Chillers and/or by Solar Thermal & Geothermal That’s the most important part of this section Superior IAQ: HVAC – But Wait!! There’s More!!
34. GYMNASIUM/AUDITORIUM Air Handler Dedicated Outdoor Air System Air Cooled Condensing Unit Chiller Boiler 3 Way Valve Outside Air Exhaust Primary Air Return Air ADMINISTRATION AEROBICS LOCKER ROOMS WORKOUT ROOMS Superior IAQ: HVAC – QairTerminal Some Green
36. Superior IAQ: HVAC – QairTerminal Very Green GYMNASIUM/AUDITORIUM Air Handler Dedicated Outdoor Air System Air Cooled Condensing Unit Small Chiller Small Boiler 3 Way Valve Outside Air Exhaust Primary Air Return Air ADMINISTRATION AEROBICS LOCKER ROOMS WORKOUT ROOMS Solar Thermal Heating Geothermal Cooling That’s the most important part of this section
37.
38. +energy Buildings - Overview Heating and Power From Sun Cooling From Earth Superior IAQ Solar Thermal Systems HVAC + Particle Removal Systems Geothermal Systems BUILDING EARTH SURFACE Energy Conservation BELOW EARTH SURFACE Predictive Analysis EMS LED Lighting Systems
39.
40. +energy Buildings - Overview Heating and Power From Sun Cooling From Earth Superior IAQ Solar Thermal Systems HVAC + Particle Removal Systems Geothermal Systems BUILDING EARTH SURFACE Energy Conservation BELOW EARTH SURFACE Predictive Analysis EMS LED Lighting Systems
41. Energy Conservation: LED Lighting Systems *AVAILABLE TODAY* With Cover Without Cover Same Light Fixture
42. +energy Buildings - Overview Heating and Power From Sun Cooling From Earth Superior IAQ Solar Thermal Systems HVAC + Particle Removal Systems Geothermal Systems BUILDING EARTH SURFACE Energy Conservation BELOW EARTH SURFACE Predictive Analysis EMS LED Lighting Systems
45. Heated by the Sun – Cooled by the Earth RESIDENTIAL BUILDING * * Already “complete” except for: PV uniform airflow system particle removal system “ brilliant” EMS
46. The LeFevere 85% Passive Home Heat From Sun – Cool From Earth THIS HOUSE CAN BE BUILT AT OR BELOW THE COST OF A SIMILARLY- SIZED, “2008 STICK-BUILT” HOUSE IN CENTRAL NEW YORK. N
47.
48. The LeFevere 85% Passive Home Heat From Sun – Cool From Earth HEAT FROM SUN Ground Level Foundation Wall (inside) ( ) House Wall (inside) ( ) 12” Thick Concrete Foam Insulation 55F – Constant Keeps Foundation / Wall @ 55F - Constant 105F -30F 68F – Constant ( ) COOL FROM EARTH OUTDOORS INDOORS Ground Level Steel Rebar ( ) Foundation & House Walls Are Contiguous ( ) Can be Designed to Maintain a Different Base Temperature
49. The LeFevere 85% Passive Home - Interior KITCHEN WITH ISLAND “ OPEN” ROOM BORDERING SOLARIUM INDOOR VIEW OF SOLARIUM 1 OF 2 OFFICES
50. The LeFevere 85% Passive Home - Systems CYCLED FRESH AIR EXCHANGER WATER CONDITIONING FORM USED FOR CONCRETE WALLS RADIANT HEAT ZONE CONTROLS
The objective of PACT is simple; It is to take all contaminants out of the occupied space and essentially makes every room a clean room by using the properties of collision acceleration and transport mechanism control. Most particles going into the PACT system are small and are influenced by the electrical field transport mechanism. When particles leave the PACT system the collision process has been initiated. They are made large enough to be controlled by airflow and thus get taken throughout the room, colliding with other particles, chemicals and gases which adhere to them. Then they get exhausted or go to the filter where they are efficiently collected and eliminated. PACT does two things: Causes collisions between sub-micron sized particles to form larger particles , thus changing them from being dominantly controlled by the electrical field transport mechanism to being controlled by airflow. Makes particles more neutral in charge . Particles will not only stay entrained in the airflow without being influenced by the electric field but will not be as likely to form strong bonds with surfaces and objects even if they should come in contact with them.
The Innovation and Design Process credits reward projects that exemplify sustainable strategies and building practices that are not fully embodied in existing LEED credit requirements. Exemplary performance can be demonstrated in two different ways: by reaching a new credit threshold or through the implementation of sustainable design approaches outside those defined by the LEED-NC scope. The above letter was written by Michael Colitz, Holland and Knight. PACT is the only air cleaning device that utilizes the principles of complete transport mechanism control. The system received two patents, first time to the patent office, because of its innovation and uniqueness and its tremendous performance capabilities.
It is imperative that the transport mechanisms are under control for particle reduction in the occupied space. Transport mechanisms are what makes particles (or contaminants) move from point A to point B. In every building environment there are forces present that determine these transport mechanisms. The major types of forces on particles in a building are caused by airflow and/or electromagnetic forces. Note: Particles in the micron size range are essentially not influenced by gravity. Even a 100 micron sized particle takes 8 seconds to drop 8 feet. A one micron sized particle takes 19 hours to drop 8 feet and a 0.1 micron particle takes 79 days to settle 8 feet! For small particles the dominating transport mechanism is electromagnetic fields. Note: As can be seen from the graph above, almost all particles are dominantly influenced by the electrical transport mechanism since almost all particles are less than a micron in size. In building environments there exist complex electrical fields that interact with particles. These interactions determine the deposition of contaminants in and on people, objects, ductwork, furniture and walls. The sources of these fields are the electrical lines and cables in the wall, fluorescent lights, computers, people, etc. For larger particles, airflow has a much greater influence. These particles have less free charge associated with them and they have more mass so that the electrical fields do not influence them as much. As a result the dominant transport mechanism is airflow for particles greater than approximately 3 - 5 microns. These larger particles tend to stay entrained in the air and get back to the filter for removal. The large particles we are referring to only make up about 1 % of the contamination in a building environment. The driver for the airflow transport mechanism is the HVAC equipment in a building. In summary: 1. As the particle size decreases the effect of the electrical field is dominant. 2. As the particle size increases the effect of airflow becomes more dominant. 3. For very large objects the effect of gravity dominates (that is why a desk doesn’t fly around the room).
What happens when particles collide with one another? They adhere to each other to form larger particles. With a consequential continuous decrease in the number of particles and an increase in particle size. This collision process is caused by Brownian motion (thermal coagulation), and or kinematic coagulation. Coagulation is the most important phenomenon for the interactions between particles. Electrical forces between particles can increase coagulation by enhancing Brownian motion. This is happening in nature all the time. Note: Collisions of particles with opposite charges increase but collisions between particles of the same charges are reduced. Therefore the net effect is little change in coagulation for particles in air. However, if these particles are treated properly there will be a significant increase in coagulation. Particles will attach firmly to any surface they come in contact with, not just to each other. For sub-micron particles, the small ones, these adhesive forces, such as Van deer Waals forces, electrostatic forces, and surface tension (all electrical forces) are extremely strong and far exceed the removal forces. Removal forces are mostly caused by airflow. Therefore, the smaller the particle the stronger the adhesive force and the less likely it can be removed from a surface (remember, small particles have more charge on them). Particles less than a couple of microns in diameter will not be removed by the forces found in HVAC equipment. This is because they will adhere to ducts and room surfaces and they will stay there, period. Now, if we can make the particles bigger, coagulate them, they can be easily dislodged by airflow and can be kept entrained in the air.
PACT does two things: Causes collisions between sub-micron sized particles to form larger particles, thus changing them from being dominantly controlled by the electrical field transport mechanism to being controlled by airflow. Makes particles more neutral in charge. Particles will not only stay entrained in the airflow without being influenced by the electric field but will not be as likely to form strong bonds with surfaces and objects even if they should come in contact with them. PACT is composed of 3 sections; The EU feeds the AU the desired electrical signals for proper operation. The AU is what does most of the work. It is placed in the appropriate location of duct or in the air handler to perform its function. It coagulates particles and makes large particles out of smaller ones thus making airflow the dominate transport mechanism. The CEU continues the collision process initiated in the AU and collects particles prepared by PACT.
There are a couple of different ways the AUs can be employed. In a large and air handler you can build the AU array as shown above. You connect the AUs like an erector set. AUs come in three sizes, 24 x 24”, 12 x 24”, and 12 x 12”. You build up the AU array and then blank off the rest. In some applications, only a small area need be conditioned and you don’t want to put Aus in an air handler. Two types of systems were developed for this purpose; The Air Purification System-2 (APS-2) is a horizontal air handler, without the coils, that includes the fan, AU, and CEU. This is a complete system that can deliver up to 2000 CFM. This system would be placed above the ceiling and duct work would run from the APS-2 to the desired space. The Air Purification System-C (APS-C) is a vertical air handler, without the coils, again, that includes the fan, AU, and CEU. This system would be used in a room or designated area. The system is in an attractive file cabinet case and takes up a small footprint.
There are a couple of different ways the AUs can be employed. In a large and air handler you can build the AU array as shown above. You connect the AUs like an erector set. AUs come in three sizes, 24 x 24”, 12 x 24”, and 12 x 12”. You build up the AU array and then blank off the rest. In some applications, only a small area need be conditioned and you don’t want to put Aus in an air handler. Two types of systems were developed for this purpose; The Air Purification System-2 (APS-2) is a horizontal air handler, without the coils, that includes the fan, AU, and CEU. This is a complete system that can deliver up to 2000 CFM. This system would be placed above the ceiling and duct work would run from the APS-2 to the desired space. The Air Purification System-C (APS-C) is a vertical air handler, without the coils, again, that includes the fan, AU, and CEU. This system would be used in a room or designated area. The system is in an attractive file cabinet case and takes up a small footprint.
Lake Tahoe Surgical Center Study. A PACT system was installed at Lake Tahoe surgical center. Lake Tower surgical center is a premier sports medicine, Orthopedic Hospital. Particle levels, and TVOCs were measured before and after the PACT system was installed. From the above it can be seen that both TVOCs and particles improved significantly after the PACT system was installed.
The above shows the significant standard deviation difference between the Facilities present HVAC system and the APS with PACT and the CEU.